• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

Food allergy is defined as adverse reactions toward food mediated by aberrant immune mechanisms. Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in childhood. This allergy is normally outgrown in the first year of life, however 15% of allergic children remain allergic. Cow's milk allergy seem to be associated with casein (${\alpha}_{s1}$-CN), ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and whey protein. In addition to this, many other milk proteins are antigenic and capable of inducing immune responses. Various food processing affects the stability, structure and intermolecular interactions of cow milk proteins, as a result reduction the allergenic capacity. Heating, hydrolysis, chemical, proteolytic and other processes such as gamma-ray irradiation, high pressure, using probiotics treatments of milk to obtain hypoallergenic milk have been developed to reduce allergic reactions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.961-964
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• 2006

GDP-mannosyltransferase (GMT) is an enzyme responsible for the addition of a mannose to glucose ($\alpha$[1$\rightarrow$3]) during biosynthesis of the water-soluble branched polysaccharide acetan in Acefobacter species. In an effort to obtain a cellulose-overproducing bacterium, a mutant defective in GMT of Acetobacter xylinum KCCM 10100 was constructed by single crossover homologous recombination using part of the aceA gene encoding GMT amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The GMT-disrupted mutant produced 23% more cellulose, but 16% less water-soluble polysaccharide than those of the wild-type strain. Analysis of the sugar composition by gel permeation chromatography revealed that water-soluble polysaccharides produced by the GMT-defective mutant contained no mannose molecule.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2005

1. Objectives I, the author, interviewed Taeyangin patients who were proved by clinical effect and also focused in bibliography to compare with Taeyangin patients case then I found out a several differences. 2. Methods I discoursed with comparing bibliography witch stated Taeyangin characteristics, such as ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Hwangje Nekyung${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Joongyi Chejilhak${\lrcorner}$, with interviewed 8 Taeyangin patients. 3. Results All of these 8 Taeyangin's men and women had very strong sharp-sighted. In characteristics and mental state, they usually were rather conservative than decisiveness, quick-tempered. In women case, they had average 1.78 children, no sterility, and didn't show a anger or sadness. The most of case ,showing a very sensitive reaction to food, were Nechoksojangbyung(內觸小腸病證). 4. Conclusions These results could be a important reference documents to classify Taeyangin in clinic.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 2007

Mutans streptococci have been reported to be implicated in dental caries. Of these streptococcal species, Streptcoccus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are most commonly found in human dental caries. Prevalence of these bacterial species in dental caries is found to be varied in different races and countries. Therefore, importance of these bacteria in dental caries remains to be determined The present study was performed to find out correlation S. mutans and S. sobrinus with dental caries in 125 Korean children with mixed dentition between 6 to 11 years of age. They were classified as group A(6-8 years) and group B(9-11 years) by age. For the study, stimulated saliva samples were collected from each subject. The vials containing saliva specimens were serially diluted (1:10) in saline and plated in duplicate on tryptone-yeast extract-cysteine with sucrose and bacitracin (TYCSB) for S. mutans and S. sobrinus. After genomic DNA was extracted from the samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed for identification using universal primers and specific primers to S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Data of microbial variables were compared to caries status of the subjects. According to this study, the result were as follows : 1. S. mutans versus S. sobrinus were moderate positive linear correlated in both group A(r=0.70) and group B(r=0.50). 2. Between S. mutans and dental caries there were weak positive linear correlation in both group A(r= 0.25) and group B(r=0.34). 3. S. sobrinus versus dental caries were not correlated in group A but slightly correlated in group B(r=0.21). 4. Between S. mutans and age, there were not correlation in both group. 5. S. sobrinus versus age were weak correlated in group A(r=0.32) but not correlated in group B.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2003

Myofibroma is a rare spindle cell neoplasm that consists of myofibroblsasts. Although it was originally described as a multicentric tumor process affecting infants and young children, it is now recognized that most cases of the tumor are soliatary and that it can occur at any age. This case is a myofibroma involving the right mandibular body in a 9-year-old boy. Radiographic examination revealed a relatively well-demarcated radiolucent lesion surrounding the impacted right mandibular canine and first premolar crown. The histologic sections composed of interlacing bundles of spindle cells with tapered or blunt-ended nuclei admixed with a foci of hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a positive reaction to vimentin and smooth muscle actin, but they are negative for desmin and S-100. The presence of well circumscribed radiolucent solid lesion in children as observed in this case, differential diagnosis of myofibroma must be included. In this case, there was no recurrence 6 months after enucleation and eruption guide of the impacted tooth is ongoing now.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1984

The clinical specimens used in this study were collected during the period from March 4, to December 30, 1983, from children's hospitals in Seoul area. They came from clinically apparent cases of diarrheal disease in hospitals. Many specimens were taken from rectal Swabs. During this period, 2166 stool cultures were streaked onto MacConkey plate and were them deposited in selenite broth. Colonies resembling pathogens on MacConkey medium were picked to KIA, Urea agar, malonate broth, ONPG broth, SIM. Reaction on those media cultures were identified biochemically with using API 20E test kit and confirmed serologically with commercially avabile Salmonella antisera(Difco) or Shigella antisera(Denka, Japan). The sensitivity of Salmonella and Shigella tested to ampicillin cephalosporin, chloramphenicol, colistin, gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, neomycin, polymyxin B was performed by means of disc diffusion method recommended by Bauer-Kirby, using the discs prepared in BBL Laboratory. 1. There were 34 (1.6%) isolations of Salmonella cultures and 52(2.4%) isolations of Shigella from the 2,116 specimens. Only 53%of Salmonella were isolated by direct streaking on MacConkey plating media, by contrast, 80% of the Shigella were isolated directly. 2. Shigella flexneri types comprised 56% of the Shigellae isolate from 52 Shigellae identified 24% of Salmonella enteritidis ser typhimurium were identified. 3. Concerning to Salmonella and Shigella occurance according to month and sex, They shows relatively higher for the male than in case of female, and 2-3 age were shown the highest group. 4. October is the month with highest incidences. 5. In the sensitivity patterns of Shigellae, most of them were appeared to be resistant ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, in case of Salmonella, 15% of them were resistant to chloramphenicol.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.437-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the trend of digital experience centers' development direction and to find out the types of experiences, the characteristics of interaction and the attribute of contents by selecting 4 digital experience centers opened from 2008 to 2018. The types of digital experiences are operation, sensibility, reaction and induction based on precedent studies. The types of interaction are operation, touch and sensor. The attributes of contents are game, play and education. The result shows that the ratio of operation experiences is gradually higher. In the types of interaction, the trend is switching to operation and touch. The offer of experience activities by play type is getting higher. This study is intended to help create an empirical interaction of the content of the children's digital experience centers that will be deployed in the future.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2023

Infection with enterovirus (EV) 71 is usually associated with hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina. The most frequent neurologic complication is brainstem encephalitis. A 30-month-old boy visited the pediatric emergency department with fever, lethargy, and abnormal eye contact. His mental status was slightly drowsy. On hospitalization day 2, the patient experienced respiratory arrest with apnea. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral symmetric T2-high signal lesions without enhancement in the posterior aspect of the brainstem and left medial temporal lobe. Electroencephalography was indicative of diffuse cerebral dysfunction with diffuse high amplitude and irregular delta activities. He underwent a gene study and was diagnosed with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers syndrome. We report a case of EV 71 brainstem encephalitis by polymerase chain reaction for nasopharyngeal aspirates and feces with rapid progression within one day of fever without the manifestation of throat and skin lesions because of his underlying mitochondrial disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical features and causative organisms in febrile infants younger than three months, to help identification of high risk patients for serious bacterial infection (SBI). Methods : A total of 313 febrile infants younger than three months, who had visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010 were included. Clinical features, laboratory findings, causative organisms, and risk factors of SBI were analyzed by retrospective chart review. Causative bacterial or viral pathogens were identified by gram stain and cultures, rapid antigen tests, or the polymerase chain reaction from clinically reliable sources. Results : Among 313 infants, etiologic organisms were identified in 127 cases (40.6%). Among 39 cases of bacterial infections, Escherichia coli (66.7%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (12.8%) were common. Enterovirus (33.7%), respiratory syncytial virus (19.8%), and rhinovirus (18.8%) were frequently detected in 88 cases of viral infection. Patients with SBI (39 cases) showed significantly higher values of the white blood cell count ($14,473{\pm}6,824/mm^3$ vs. $11,254{\pm}5,775/mm^3$, P=0.002) and the C-reactive protein ($6.32{\pm}8.51mg/L$ vs. $1.28{\pm}2.35mg/L$, P<0.001) than those without SBI (274 cases). The clinical risk factors for SBI were the male (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5-8.9), the presence of neurologic symptoms (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.4-16.8), and the absence of family members with respiratory symptoms (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2-11.3). Conclusion : This study identified common pathogens and risk factors for SBI in febrile infants younger than three months. These findings may be useful to guide management of febrile young infants.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.189-214
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide an understanding of the current status of picture book-related research in Korea. For this purpose, 1,660 picture book-related research papers produced in Korea by 2021 were analyzed. The results revealed through the analysis are summarized as follows. First, research papers began to appear in the mid-1990s and began to increase significantly around 2010. Second, the journal with the most research papers was 『Journal of Children's Literature and Education』, accounting for 17.7% of the total. Third, the representative researchers who led the production of the papers are Eun-Ja Hyun and Hea-Sook Jo. Fourth, by research type, individual research papers accounted for 39% and joint research 61%. Fifth, as a result of the analysis of the research topic, the study of the contents (analysis) of picture books (33.4%), the study of the effect of picture books (29.6%), and the study of perception, reaction, and experience of picture books (18.0%) were in order. Sixth, as a result of the research method analysis, experimental studies (35.7%), content analysis (33.7%), literature studies (13.3%), and qualitative studies (9.3%) were in order. Based on the results of the analysis, the researcher suggested diversifying the research production route, expanding the trend of collaboration between universities and the field, diversifying research topics, and enhancing the validity and diversity of research methods.