• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2021

The mean age at menarche (AAM) of Korean females has been rapidly decreasing over the last 50 years; currently, the prevalence of early menarche (<12 years) is 22.3%. Female adolescents who experience early menarche are known to be at greater risk of psychosocial and behavioral problems along with several physical health problems such as menstrual problems. They also tend to achieve a shorter final height and develop obesity. Population-based Korean studies have shown a strong association between early menarche and the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although the exact mechanism of how early menarche causes cardiometabolic derangement in later adulthood is unknown, childhood obesity and insulin resistance might be major contributors. Recent studies demonstrated that an excessive consumption of fructose might underlie the development of obesity and insulin resistance along with an earlier AAM. A positive association was observed between sugar-sweetened beverages (a major source of fructose) intake and obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in Korean females. In pediatrics, establishing risk factors is important in preventing disease in later life. In this regard, early menarche is a simple and good marker for the management of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Decreasing one's fructose intake might prevent early menarche as well as the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic diseases.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1306-1314
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• 2009

This study investigates the progress of obesity in men from childhood to adulthood, by analyzing the measurement references from the 5th Size Korea. It also seeks to analyze the characteristics of obese figures through the comparison of body proportions to normal-weight people, to provide a basic reference for the development of new size categories and improved pattern grading. The age range is divided into three groups: children (2-7), teenagers (13-18), and adults (19-39). The results of research into the characteristics of body proportions of obese figures and the classification of different figure groups of obese people are as follows. The ratio between width and circumference for each part of the body was investigated according to body weight that was grouped into three different categories of low, normal, and obese body weights. The result demonstrated that in all the ranges of age, the obese groups had the lowest ratio between width and circumference in having a thick body shape. According to the results that compared the ratio of the circumference of each body part divided by the waist circumference, the obese group showed a low ratio that indicates that they have a bigger waist circumference than other parts of the body. Two factors are identified as contributing to obesity in analyzing the ratio of the circumference of body parts divided by waist circumference. Using the factor loadings of the upper and lower body obesity, a cluster analysis was carried out and three different categories of obesity were defined; lower body obesity, abdominal obesity, and upper body obesity. The obese groups of children and teenagers were mostly in body shape with lower obesity and abdominal obesity, whereas the adults group showed the obesity present in the upper body obesity that have fewer cases in lower body obesity.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and effect of Biman-tang (BMT) on two different administration periods in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity. Methods In retrospective study, 39 overweight and obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ Body Mass Index (BMI)) children were treated with BMT from January 2006 to April 2013 at Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea. The primary outcomes were the changes in BMI and Obesity Index (OI) from baseline to the treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included the changes in height, weight and safety of the medicine. Comparisons of BMI, OI, height and weight between the short-period (SP) treatment group and the long-period (LP) treatment group were done by using ANCOVA. Results The change of the mean of BMI ($-0.5{\pm}0.6kg/m^2$ vs $-1.4{\pm}0.8kg/m^2$, respectively; p=0.003) and OI ($-3.6{\pm}3.9%$ vs $-9.7{\pm}4.7%$, respectively; p<0.001) showed significant reduction both in SP (n=16) and LP treatment group (n=23). The mean height showed no significant difference in both groups. The mean weight of LP treatment group showed significant reduction compared to SP treatment group ($-0.2{\pm}1.3kg$ vs $-1.6{\pm}1.6kg$, respectively; p=0.006). Most of the children were compliant to the medication and no serious adverse events were found in two groups. Conclusions These findings emphasize that BMT is effective in the treatment of childhood obesity and it requires at least 45 days of treatment for the best result.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2008

최근 소아, 청소년의 비만이 늘고 있는 추세이다. 소아 청소년의 비만치료는 섭취열량과 소비열량과의 균형을 맞추는 것이 가장 중요한 원칙이다. 소아, 청소년기는 성장과 발달이 왕성한 시기이므로 단식, 절식 등의 식이요법만으로 단시간 내에 체중을 감량하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. '몸짱'같은 건강한 몸매는 운동을 통하지 않고는 이룰 수 없다는 인식을 심어주며 성장에 지장을 주지 않는 범위 내에서 적당한 운동을 유도하는 것이 좋다. 소아는 의지가 약하고 인내심이 부족하므로 부모와 가족의 이해와 협력이 필요하며, 아동이 좋은 습관을 가질 수 있도록 아동의 수준에 맞는 적당한 운동 프로그램을 제시하는 것이 요망된다. 아동에게 억지로 운동을 강요해서는 안되며, 본인이 재미있어 하면서 충격이 심하지 않은 운동을 선택하도록 한다. 하루에 1시간 정도의 운동이 필요하지만 전혀 움직이지 않던 아동은 수시로 짬짬이 움직일 수 있는 상황을 제공해주는 것이 중요하다. 비만은 체중을 단기간에 감소시키는 것이 아니라 '평생에 걸쳐 조절하여야 하는 것'으로 인식되어야 할 것이다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2004

비만성 사구체경화증(obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis)은 비만과 부종이 없는 신증후군 범위의 단백뇨, 사구체 비대 및 경화 등의 임상상을 보이는 질환으로, 다수의 환자에서 신부전으로 진행되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연구자들은 부종 없이 심한 단백뇨와 저알부민혈증을 보인 14세의 Prader-Willi 증후군 여아에서 신생검을 통하여 사구체비후와 메산지움 증식이 동반된 국소성 분절성 사구체경화 소견을 관찰하였다 이로써 소아의 Prader-Willi 증후군에서도 비만성 사구체경화증에 의한 신부전으로의 진행 위험이 있음을 알리는 바이다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2001

Purpose : This Study was conducted to find out whether Gwakhyangjunggi-san gamibang has effects on obesity. Method : Before and after medication, we measured height, weight, Bioelectrical Impedance and calculate BMI, and obesity index from 9 obese children who participated in '2001 the 2nd Hur-jun children contest' sponsored by Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and compared them. Results and Conclusions : 1) After medication, there was reduction of weight, but it has no statistical significance. 2) After medication, there was statistical significant reduction of BMI, obesity index. 3) After medication, there was statistical significant reduction of total fat weight and the percentage of body fat, and significant increase of muscle mass. As above statement, Gwakhyangjunggi-san gamibang has effects on obesity with significant and it is considered that additional and complement study is needed.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.11-26
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the recent tendency of clinical researches of obese children for finding better oriental medicine treatments. Methods : This study was focused on diagnoses, treatments, prognoses and cures of obese children based on 37 of other papers which are J Korean Oriental Med, J Korean Oriental Pediatrics, J Korean Acd Fam Med, J Korean society for the study of obesity, Korea Sport Research, J Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease, J Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion, Korean J Pediatric, and Korean J Oriental Physiology and Pathology. Results : The rate of obese children has been increased continuously. There are several reasons for increased rate : For example, inadequate eating habit, lack of exercise, and genetic factors such as inherited diseases, and the disorder of the endocrine system. The obesity in childhood or adolescent can cause not only the physical problems but also the mental problems. It is necessary for children to diet, change life style, exercise continuously, and being active in order to prevent child obesity and keep healthy. Obesity can be treated through therapy diet, exercise, behavior modification, drug therapy and operation. Conclusion : It is important to recognize the children obesity, and make better treatments for that in the way of oriental cure. Moreover, additional reports should be keeping up based on continuing clinical researches.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.743-755
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• 2016

이 연구의 목적은 미국 취학 아동-청소년의 BMI 변화율이 어떻게 달라지고 있는지, 그리고 청소년 발달 상태에 따른 비만을 유발하는 해로운 행동들이 청소년들의 비만 현상에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 종단적으로 밝히는데 있다. 1999-2011 미국 청소년 위험 행동 조사 데이터를 사용하였으며, 총 연구 대상은 260,293명이다(9-12학년). 미국 취학 청소년들의 비만율에 미치는 종단적 시간의 효과를 검증하기 위해 인구통계학적 특성, 영양 및 신체활동 관련 행위들을 공변량으로 통제한 최소자승법 회귀분석과 위계적 선형 모델링이 활용되었다. 취학 청소년들의 BMI 퍼센티지는 시간과 유의미한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 종단적 시간은 아이들의 BMI 퍼센티지에 상당히 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지난 10년 동안의 미국 아동 비만을 줄이기 위한 신체 활동 및 영양 정책은 미국 아동들의 비만 유지 및 감소를 위한 매우 효과적인 정책이었으며, 향후 청소년의 비만 요인 감소와 장애요소를 극복을 위한 정책을 강화하는데 더욱 많은 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to offer basic data concerning the prevention of obesity for obese children to identify the relationship between their self-efficacy and the degree of performance on health promoting lifestyle profile. Method: The subjects were 148 fourth to sixth grade elementary school students in Gwang-ju, Korea during the period from September 10 to September 25, 2001. The collected data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression by using the SPSS program. Result: The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and self-efficacy were significant differences according to eating time(F=5.338, p=.006). The relationship between general characteristics of subjects and health promoting lifestyle profile were significant differences according to grade(F=5.615, p=.005), eating time(F=8.591, p=.000), concern about weight control(F=3.915, p=.022), experience of weight control(t=7.632, p=.006). Health promoting lifestyle profile was showed significant positive correlations with self-efficacy(r=.537, p=.000). Self-efficacy(27.6％) was the highest factor predictor health promoting lifestyle profile of obesity students. In addition to eating time, concern about weight control, explained for 33.3％ in health promoting lifestyle profile. Conclusion: Results of this study point to self-dfficiency as a major factor in the health promoting behavior of childhood obesity. According to the results of this study, There is a reason to develop a health program to promote self-efficiency.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2003

목 적: 소아 비만의 관리에 도움이 되는 평가자료를 삼고자 성장이 완료되는 사춘기 이후까지 비만아의 변화 상태를 조사하여 비교하였다. 방 법: 1992년에 7세였던 아동들 중 13세(1998년)와 17세(2002년)에 추적이 가능하였던 학생 1559명(남아 753명, 여아 806명)을 대상으로 체중과 신장을 측정하여 비만도를 계산하였다. 비만도는 1998년 대한소아과학회에서 측정한 한국 소아의 신장별 체중의 50백분위수를 표준 체중으로 하여 비만도를 계산하였다. 결 과: 1) 7세 때 비만의 유병률은 3.1%였고 13세 때 7.1%, 17세 때 13.0%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 2) 남아에서 7세 비만아 중 66.6%가 17세에도 비만을 유지하고 있으며 여아에서는 68.4%가 17세에도 비만을 유지하고 있었다. 3) 비만아에서 비만율의 변화를 보면 남아에서 는 7세 때 경도 비만 60%, 중등도 비만 37.7%, 중증 비만 2.3%였고, 17세 때는 각각 50%, 41.1%, 8.9%였다. 여아 비만아에서는 7세 때 경도 비만은 73.7%, 중등도 비만은 21.1%, 중증 비만은 5.2%였고, 17세 때에는 각각 66.7%, 30%, 3.3%였다. 4) 성별에 따른 비만의 발생율은 7세 때 정상이었던 남아들 중에서는 12.7%가 17세 때 비만이 발생하였고, 여아 중에서는 9.8%가 17세 때 비만이 발생하였다(p>0.05). 결 론: 소아 비만아의 유병률은 연령이 증가할수록 사춘기 이후에도 유의하게 증가하고 있고, 남아에서 여아에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 비만한 남아에서는 여아와 달리 연령이 증가할수록 고도비만이 증가하는 추세이고, 경도와 중등도의 비만한 남아들이 중등도 비만이나 고도 비만으로 진행하는 경우도 여아에 비해 많았다. 따라서 소아 비만아에서 학동기 뿐만 아니라 사춘기에도 지속적인 관심과 적극적인 치료 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각한다.