• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2965-2972
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• 2016

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6023-6026
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• 2012

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Malaysia for the year 2001 was 2.8 per 100,000 people. The mortality rate is increasing. A retrospective cohort study measuring the survival of HCC patients who received treatment in Selayang Hospital was conducted from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. The main objectives of the study were to measure the survival of the patients and to understand the influencing factors, especially ethnicity. The subjects were newly diagnosed cases of HCC by CT scan and histopathological assessment who underwent futher investigations and treatments in Hospital Selayang (inception cohort). The survival time was measured from the date of diagnosis until the subjects died, or failed to follow-up at the end of the study period (31 December 2007). A total of 299 patients were selected with 95 patients dying, the majority among Chinese (39.1%). Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity proved significantly that Chinese patients who had smaller tumor, less number of nodules, low AFP level, Child Pugh Class A and received surgical treatment had a better median survival rate compared to other ethnic groups. Malay (cHR: 1.3, 95%CI; 0.89-1.85) and Indian (cHR: 1.3, 95%CI; 0.74-2.26) patients had a poor survival compared to Chinese patients, but not in the final model. Therefore ethnicity may play a role in survival of HCC patients, but not as a main hazard prognostic factor.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권sup1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2016

Infectious mononucleosis is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) inducing a self-limiting clinical syndrome characterized by fever, sore throat, hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Gastrointestinal symptoms of EBV infection are nonspecific and occur rarely. EBV inducing acute gastrointestinal pathology is poorly recognized without suspicion. Careful consideration is needed to diagnose gastric involvement of EBV infection including gastric lymphoma, gastric cancer, and gastritis. A few recent cases of gastritis associated with EBV infection have been reported in adolescents and adults. However, there is no report of EBV-associated gastritis in early childhood. We experienced a rare case of 4-year-old girl with EBV gastritis confirmed by in situ hybridization.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5551-5556
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• 2014

Background: The prognostic value of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) for survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still ambiguous. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate its prognostic significance. Materials and Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for published literature investigating associations between HER-2/neu status and overall survival of patients with CRC. A meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian-Laird model and publication bias was investigated by Begg's and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis was also conducted according to the study design type, study quality score, cut-off value for HER-2/neu overexpression, publication region, patient number and publication year. Results: A total of 17 eligible studies involving 2,347 patients were identified for this meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio (HR) was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.79), suggesting that HER-2/neu overexpression was not significantly associated with overall survival of patients with CRC. However, subgroup analysis revealed that HER-2/neu overexpression had an unfavorable impact on survival when the analysis was restricted to subgroups of study quality score ${\leq}5 $(HR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.17-2.10), Asian patients (HR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.22-2.49), patient number ${\leq}106$ (HR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.01-2.44), publication year before 2003 (HR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.02-2.49), and prospectively designed study (HR=3.62, 95%CI: 1.42-9.24). The effect disappeared in subgroups of study quality scores > 5 (HR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.33-1.44), non Asian patients (HR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.77-1.70), patients' number > 106 (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 0.67-1.72), publication year after 2003 (HR=1.13, 95%CI: 0.76-1.69), and retrospectively designed study (HR=1.22, 95%CI: 0.89-1.67). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that HER-2/neu overexpression might not be a significantly prognostic indicator for patients with CRC. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2002

목적: 방사성교질 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능이 관찰된 환자들의 임상적 소견을 바탕으로 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능이 관찰되는 질환의 종류를 알아보고 각 질환에 따른 폐 방사능 섭취 기전 및 환자 임상 경과를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 대상 환자 총49명의 의무 기록 조사를 통하여 Tc-99m tin colloid 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능이 관찰될 당시의 주 진단명을 기준으로 대상 환자를 간 질환, 감염성 질환, 암, 허혈성 간 괴사, 기타 등 다섯 가지 질환군으로 분류하고, 각 질환군 환자들의 만성 간 질환 여부, Child-Pugh 등급, 혈청 AST, ALT수치, 추적 간 스캔 결과 및 임상 경과를 알아보았다. 결과: 총 49명중 25명에서 만성 간 질환이 있었고, 질환군별 환자수는 간 질환 23명, 감염성 질환 16명, 암 7명, 허혈성 간 괴사 2명, 기타 1명이었다. 혈청 AST, ALT 수치는 간 질환군과 허혈성 간 괴사 군 환자 모두에서 가역적 상승을 보였고, 이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.01, one-way ANOVA). 혈청 ALT 수치는 만성 간 질환이 없는 간 질환군에서 감염성 질환군에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 추적 간 스캔검사가 시행된 총 17명 중 13명에서 추적 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능이 관찰되지 않았으나, 암 2명, 간과 신장의 다낭성 질환과 간 경변이 있는 독성 간염 1명 그리고 간 결핵 1명에서 추적 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능이 관찰되었다. 사망 환자는 총 12명으로 사인은 만성 간 질환 악화에 의한 간 부전 6명, 말기암 5명, 감염성 심내막염에 합병된 뇌출혈 1명이었다. 결론: 간 스캔에서 폐 방사능은 망상내피계 세포가 자극되는 심한 감염증 및 말기 암, 그리고 광범위한 간의 염증 또는 괴사를 동반하는 급, 만성 간 질환 및 허혈성 간 질환 등에서 관찰되는 것으로 판단된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to identify the quality of life for the mothers of hospitalized chronic pediatric patients, and to explore the factors affecting the QOL of those mothers. The subjects were 201 mothers whose children had hospitalized at one University hospital with chronic diseases. Data were collected from the December, 1997 to December, 1998. We used a revised QOL instrument consisting of 34 items, 5 point likert scale based on the Noh's QOL instrument. The revised QOL consists of six subscales, those are physical status and function, self esteem, emotional status, economic status, relationship with family members, and relationship with neighborhood. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation using SPSS-PC. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of quality of life for the mothers of chronic pediatric patients was 100.31, and item mean was 2.95. In subscale analysis, item mean of economic status was the lowest, and that of relationship with family members was the highest. 2. Correlations between characteristics of chronic pediatric patients, their mothers and QOL of mothers were as follows; 1) Total QOL of mothers had a significant positive relationship with progressing time relapse after diagnosing and age of mothers. There was a significant negative relationship between the total QOL of mothers and number of hospitalization of their children. 2) QOL on self esteem and economic status had a significant relationship with age of pediatric patients, the time relapse after diagnosis, and age of mothers. Total number of family members and QOL on economic status showed a significant positive relationship. QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers showed negative correlations with the number of hospitalization of their children. 3. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different demographic cha- racteristics of the subjects. 1) QOL on economic status of mothers was significantly higher when fathers of pediatric patients had jobs. 2) Total QOL score, QOL on emotional status, and QOL on relationship with neighborhood were significantly higher when mothers of pediatric patients had spouses. 3) QOL on self esteem of mothers was significantly higher when mothers had religion. 4. Followings were the result of difference in QOL among different diagnosis of the children. 1) Total QOL score of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease was higher than that of mothers whose children had leukemia and cancer. 2) QOL on emotional status, economic status, and relationship with family members of mothers whose children had congenital heart disease were higher than those of mothers whose children had leukemia, cancer, and epilepsy.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 소아암 등의 난치병 환자들의 소원성취 프로그램에 대한 만족도가 질병 적응에 미치는 영향에서 레질리언스와 질병 스트레스가 갖는 매개효과를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 한국메이크어위시재단에서 2010년부터 2014년까지 5년간 소원을 이루었던 1,597명의 환아 중 문장해독과 기억유지가 가능한 666명의 10대 이상에 해당하는 환아들에게 2015년 1월 2일에 모바일 설문지를 발송하였다. 그 결과 357명이 응답을 하였으나 성실하게 응답한 292명의 자료를 분석하였다. 결과: 소아 난치병 환아들이 소원성취 프로그램에 대해서 갖는 만족도는 레질리언스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 레질리언스는 질병 스트레스에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 질병 적응에는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 질병 스트레스는 질병 적응에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 볼 때 소아 난치병 환자를 위한 소원성취 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 레질리언스의 향상과 질병 스트레스의 감소를 통하여 궁극적으로 이들의 질병에 대한 적응력을 높이는 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 소아 난치병 환자들의 욕구와 특성을 면밀히 분석하여 소원성취 프로그램을 실행하고 만족도를 높이면 이들이 질병에 대해서 보다 적극적으로 대처할 수 있는 동시에 현재의 삶을 긍정적으로 영위할 수 있는 동기를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.683-692
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify cancer-related symptom clusters and to validate the conceptual meanings of the revealed symptom clusters in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey and methodological study. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (N=194) were recruited from a medical center in Seoul. The 20-item Symptom Checklist was used to assess patients' symptom severity. Selected symptoms were factored using principal-axis factoring with varimax rotation. To validate the revealed symptom clusters, the statistical differences were analyzed by status of patients' performance status, Child-Pugh classification, and mood state among symptom clusters. Results: Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (97.4%), followed by lack of energy and stomach discomfort. Patients' symptom severity ratings fit a four-factor solution that explained 61.04% of the variance. These four factors were named pain-appetite cluster, fatigue cluster, itching-constipation cluster, and gastrointestinal cluster. The revealed symptom clusters were significantly different for patient performance status (ECOG-PSR), Child-Pugh class, anxiety, and depression. Conclusion: Knowing these symptom clusters may help nurses to understand reasonable mechanisms for the aggregation of symptoms. Efficient symptom management of disease-related and treatment-related symptoms is critical in promoting physical and emotional status in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2015

Introduction: Overexposure to sun radiation and particularly its accumulation during childhood and adolescence is a significant risk factor for skin cancer development. The sun burn is particularly important. Aim: To estimate sun burn incidence in young pupils in a coastal area of Greece. Materials and Methods: Two surveys were conducted in a school population in the same district in Greece, over different periods of time, in young people 9 to 18 years old (n=2 977). Anonymous questionnaires were completed. Levels of significance were two-tailed and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: From the individual characteristics of the participants it was shown that the majority of them had dark hair and fair skin, whereas a significant percentage reported the existence of moles on face and their body (83.4% vs 68.1%). The sun burn incidence was high in adolescents and the younger pupils (41.9% vs 55.6%). The younger aged children who were living in an urban area had significantly higher rates of sun burn than those living in semi-urban areas (33.8% vs 24.8%, p=0.020). As far as the knowledge of pupils about the risks of sun radiation it was shown that the elementary school pupils had better knowledge than those at high school. Finally, those with better knowledge had the fewer sun burns (Mean 2.83 SD 0.87, p<0.001). Conclusions: The contribution of knowledge to the decrease of sun burn incidence is important as long as this is continuous. Therefore, the education should concern not only children but also teachers and parents in the context of continuous and systematic programs of health education.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on nausea, vomiting and anxiety experienced by children who were histologically diagnosed as malignancy and have received cancer chemotherapy. Twenty subjects with 10 in experimental group and 10 in control group, between the age of 7 to 12 years participated in this study. All subjects were admitted for inpatients chemotherapy at the S hospital between April to August 1998. The methods used for interventional muscle relaxation were both the 16 items of the progressive muscle relaxation therapy developed by Jacobson and the 4 items of the muscle relaxation therapy by Wolpe. The method for assessing nausea, vomiting was the Index of Nausea and Vomiting by Rhodes et al and that for anxiety was State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children by Spielberger. The data was analysed by repeated measures ANOVA and Scheffe test using SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. On measurement of nausea, vomiting, in the experimental group, the mean values of the second and the third measurements showed tendency to slightly decrease compared with the first measurement, but there was no statistically significance. And in the control group, there were no significant differences among first measurement, second measurement and third measurement. Also there was no significant difference in the mean values assessing nausea, vomiting between experimental and control group (F=1.33, p=0.2645). 2. The results assessing state anxiety showed, in the experimental group, progressive decrease in mean values at each measurement, while the control group showed no significant differences between the mean values of each measurement. Also there was statistically significant difference in state anxiety measurements between experimental and control group(F=4.36, p=0.05). In conclusion, muscle relaxation therapy for school-aged children with chemotherapy could not be effective to decrease nausea, vomiting, but it could be effective to decrease anxiety.