• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of obesity and sexual knowledge between age-matched 168 postmenarcheal and 168 premenatcheal girls among 6th grade elementary school girls in Busan. Anthropometric measurements were taken for height and body weight of subjects for obesity and a questionnaire for sexual knowledge representing 5 categories was developed by researcher. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, frequency, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation were performed by SPSS WIN Vesion 12.0 program. These measurements of menarcheal grils were significantly higher than those of non-menacheal girls in height, body weight, BMI and obesity level. The sexual knowledge was low, expecially they didn't know well about sexual disease and contraception. There was no significant difference between two groups, but there was significant difference among obesity level, obesity group had sexual knowledge than others. And there were significant positive relations between the menarche and the obesity. The most important findings in the study showed that is needed the systemic and concrete sexual education in home, school and community, and especially by the professionals in the sex education field.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2011

Objectives: The childhood obesity causes not only physical problems but also psychosocial ones, thus making it difficult to treat than adult obesity. To prove this, study was performed to examine an obese child who was on an oriental medical treatment. Methods: This study was based on the obese child, visited the oriental medical center from March 13th, 2010 to December 22th, 2010. The patient has taken herbal medicine, moxibution, low frequency acupuncture, auricular therapy, and behavior modification. Results: While the patient was treated, his Body weight, Body Mass Index, Fat percents were reduced and the effect lingered for five more months since the treatment. Conclusions: This study shows that herbal medicine is effective on developmental disorder induced. However, further clinical studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2009

The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in developed countries. Child obesity has become a major concern to health providers since it has grown to epidemic proportions over the past few decades. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical status, dietary habits and life styles according to the obesity degree among obese children residing in the Gyungbuk area. The subjects were 148 elementary school students (boy 103, girl 45) and classified as mildly obese (n = 56), moderately obese (n = 61) and severely obese (n = 31) by the obesity index. The average body weight and height increased significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Serum cholesterol concentration came under the normal level in all groups. Serum AST activity increased according to the obesity degree but it was not significant. Serum ALT activity increased according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05). Dietary habit score was lower significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.01). Life style of the subjects was significantly different for the level of 'healthy state (p < 0.05)', 'body perception (p < 0.01)', 'watching TV and video (p < 0.05)', 'normal sleeping hour (p < 0.05)' and 'degree of stress (p < 0.05)' according to the obesity degree. A positive relationship between obesity index and blood pressure, ALT has been shown in the subjects. Obesity index and dietary habit scores were negatively associated. Therefore, these results suggest that a practical nutrition-exercise education program for the prevention of child obesity should be provided to elementary school children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 441${\sim}$450, 2009)

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.511-518
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• 2001

This study is to identify the characteristics of the growth and deveolpment, and to assess Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index of infants paticipated in a healthy breast-feeding contest. The subjects of this study were 94 breast- feeding infants, ages from 6 to 8 months. Their weight and height were measured and compared with Korean Standards. Their developmental state was tested by DDST(Denver Develop- mental Screening Test) standardized in Korea. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS-WIN 10.0. The result is as follows : 1. The weight of infants was more than Korean Standards, but the height was less. 2. There were statistically significant differences in Obesity Index, BMI and Kaup Index. Obese infants estimated by Obesity Index were about 10％, but by BMI and Kaup Index were 35.1％ and 27.7％. 3. Spearman's rhos of Obesity Index and Kaup Index, Obesity Index and BMI, and Kaup Index and BMI were individually 0.526, 0.528 and 0.753. In conclusion, BMI should be added to the criteria for assessing healthy breast-feeding infants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.40
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• pp.201-228
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediation effect of bullying on the associations between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. Data from a subsample of 2,306 adolescents, who participated in the "child-youth synthesize survey" was utilized. The measurement and structural models were estimated using structural equation modeling. Partial and full mediation models were compared, and X2 difference test was conducted between the two models. The study results show that children's overweight and obesity problem have a direct effect on mental health problems. In addition, bullying was found to mediate the association between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. The analytic results confirmed that the model fit for the full mediation model was better than the partial mediation model when examining the mediating effect of bullying on the relations between children's overweight and obesity problem and mental health problems. Efforts to prevent mental health problems may require interventions for children's with overweight and obesity problems as well as inventions for reducing bullying in general.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

Objective : There have been many programs to treat childhood obesity, since childhood obesity has shown up as a social problem. The purpose of this study was to find out considerable matters to manage Childhood Obesity Treatment Program (COTP). Methods : This study was made with reference to clinical progress notes of children with obesity, visiting the oriental medicine center, to take COTP from July 30th, 2003 to August 25th, 2004. COTP was consist of abdominal aroma massage, abdominal low frequency acupuncture therapy, auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification. Results : 1. Seven children who taken COTP started fat from young age and three started from about ten-year-old ages. 2. Six children have fat fathers, a child has fat parents and three children have no fat family member. 3. The obesity levels of Obesity Index(OI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Rohler Index(RI) were different, used for evaluating the result of treatment, though they are used for a child. The result of OI reflected more sensitive from changes of weight than those of BMI and RI. 4. We got the better results with numbers of treatment and exercise. Conclusions : More correct standard are needed to estimate degree childhood obesity. And it is necessary to carry out obesity treatment program with behavior modification, for children with obesity. to be healthy adults.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate mental health problems in obese child and adolescent patients. We assess the frequency of mental health problems and their differences according to sex, school grade and severity of obesity. Methods: The sample consisted of 106 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years (61 boys with mean age $10.98{\pm}2.26$, 45 girls with mean age $9.74{\pm}1.96$, p=.004) who were diagnosed with obesity and recruited at the Department of Pediatrics of Jeju National University Hospital. The participants completed the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Korean version of the Eating Attitude Test-26 (KEAT-26), and somatotype drawings. Results: The percentage of participants having a T-score in clinical range on one or more CBCL subscale was 37.7%. The percentage of participants in the high risk group for depression (CDI score above 17) was 20.8% and that in the high risk group for eating disorder (EAT-26 score above 20) was 6%. The girls showed significantly lower CBCL T-scores in social competence ($48.39{\pm}15.66$ vs. $38.91{\pm}22.04$, p=.011), adjustment function ($49.51{\pm}17.35$ vs. $40.38{\pm}22.58$, p=.020) and school competence ($53.34{\pm}10.47$ vs. $48.22{\pm}15.11$, p=.042) than the boys, but the percentages of boys and girls in clinical range were not significantly different. The middle school students showed (significantly) higher CBCL T-scores in somatic symptoms ($60.86{\pm}9.44$ vs. $55.74{\pm}6.76$, p=.005), aggressive behavior ($58.81{\pm}6.74$ vs. $54.68{\pm}6.22$, p=.009), total problems ($59.86{\pm}9.91$ vs. $54.88{\pm}9.76$, p=.039) and externalizing problems ($57.90{\pm}10.57$ vs. $52.44{\pm}9.38$, p=.022) than the elementary school students. The severe obesity group showed significantly higher CBCL T-scores in attention problems ($59.18{\pm}9.45$ vs. $54.15{\pm}5.34$, p=.001), social problems ($59.25{\pm}8.59$ vs. $55.96{\pm}6.50$, p=.038), delinquent behavior ($58.07{\pm}6.97$ vs. $54.73{\pm}6.00$, p=.017) and total problems ($59.21{\pm}11.65$ vs. $54.67{\pm}9.03$, p=.037) than the mild to moderate obesity group. Conclusion: Significant proportions of obese children and adolescents suffer from mental health problems. Clinicians need to pay attention to the mental health risk, especially in obese adolescents and severely obese children and adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in environmental and psychological factors in children with obesity and to offer useful information for obesity treatment and prevention. 123 children of 5-6th grade in elementary school and their mothers were included in this study and divided into either the obese group and normal group(obese group: 61, normal group: 62) according to the Weight-Length Index(WLI). Results showed that between the two groups there no significant differences in family income, mother's occupation status, educational level, and anthropometric measurement. Nutritional knowledge in the obese group was significantly higher than that of the normal group(p<0.05). The mothers of children with obesity had a higher level of nutritional knowledge than the mothers of normal children(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in food behavior between the obese and normal groups. There were no significant differences in maternal child-rearing practices and in maternal attitude on flood behavior of children. Considering psychological factors ; 72.1% of the children with obesity appraised their body image as obese(p<0.05), and 54.1% of the mothers in obese group perceived their child's body shape as obese(p<0.05). The level of self-esteem were not significantly different when compared between the obese and normal groups. From these results, it was suggested that effective measures for obesity treatment and prevention should include nutritional monitoring, and such efforts need to be maintained in order to help the obese children and their mothers.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health locus of control with health-promoting behaviors according to elementary school children's degree of obesity, and to analyze correlations between two variables. Methods: Three hundreds and sixty three elementary school children were participated from three elementary schools in Seoul. Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (HLOC) scale and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) were used. Results: Obese children was 16.8% of all research subjects. Internal HLOC in over weight group was higher than normal weight group (F=3.611, p=.014). Chance HLOC in under weight group was higher than other groups (F=3.553, p=.015). External HLOC in over weight and obesity group was higher than normal weight group (F=3.553, p=.015). Correlations between HLOC in internal and external and health-promoting behaviors were significant (r=.347, p<001; r=.207, p<001). Also, children who did not have siblings and have obese parents showed higher rate of obesity, and lack of sleeping time tend to be related to obesity. Conclusion: External HLOC of obesity children is higher than that of normal weight children. Meanwhile, obese children with higher internal HLOC were good at doing health-promoting behaviors. Therefore, if obese children are trained for internal health control, it can lead to their health-promoting behaviors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2021

Purpose: Obesity among children from low-income families is becoming a social problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an obesity prevention program that included physical activity, nutrition education, behavioral modification, and primary caregiver participation components among children from low-income families. Methods: The study analyzed a nonequivalent control group using a pretest-posttest design. A total of 77 children were recruited from six community childcare centers using purposive sampling. For the intervention group (n=40), the pretest was administered before the combined intervention program involving the participants' primary caregivers was conducted for 8 weeks. The posttest was conducted immediately after the program and again four weeks after the program. Results: Flexibility (F=4.64, p=.020), muscular endurance (F=11.22, p<.001), nutritional knowledge scores (F=4.79, p=.010), body image satisfaction scores (F=4.74, p=.012), and self-esteem scores (F=3.81, p=.029) showed significant differences and interactions between group and time for the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: Strategies to actively engage the primary caregivers of low-income families in children's obesity programs are needed. Obesity prevention programs for children based on the program in this study should be routinely developed, and continuing attention should be given to children from low-income families.