• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify parental coping strategies in the face of early infant and toddler injury, and to provide basic data for a parental education program and the most desirable directions it should take. Methods: A Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four Q-statements were derived from a literature review and interviews. Forty-seven parents were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed by the pc-QUANL program. Results: Five types of parental coping in early infant and toddler injury were identified. Type I was "hospital treatment focused", type II was "Improving the safety of the child's environment", type III was "expression of negative emotion", type IV was "taking the lead in problem solving", and type V was "Interrogating the person in charge of the situation in which the injury occurred". Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs can be used for parents in early childhood injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.309-312
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• 2007

흉부 압박상에 의한 경부 기관의 파열은 매우 드물게 발생하며, 여러 가지 기전에 의해 설명되고 있다. 기관 손상을 받은 많은 환자는 병원에 도착하기 전에 사망하기 때문에 빠른 진단에 의한 치료는 예후를 결정하는 데 매우 중요하다. 교통사고에 의한 흉부 압박상으로 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 8세의 남아에서 발생한 경부 기관의 완전파열 1예를 조기 진단하여 수술치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한정형외과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.530-534
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• 2021

소아, 특히 유아의 치상돌기 골절은 매우 드물고, 따라서 그 진단 및 치료에 대하여 정립된 기술을 쉽게 볼 수 없다. 특히 전위가 심한 경우 보존적 혹은 수술적 치료 중 무엇을 적용해야 할지 결정하기가 어렵다. 이론적으로 수술적 고정을 통해 골절의 조기 정복과 견고한 유지가 가능할 것으로 보이나, 작고 연약한 소아에서 안전하게 수행되기가 쉽지 않고, 환축추 관절의 영구적 고정이라는 문제가 남는다. 저자들은 교통사고로 발생한 2세 여아의 고도 굴곡 전위된 치상돌기 골절 1예를 보존적으로 치료하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 이 체험을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.370-379
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• 2022

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most severe form of physical abuse in children. Such injury involves traumatic damage to the head and/or spine of infants and young children. The term AHT was introduced to include a wider range of injury mechanisms, such as intentional direct blow, throw, and even penetrating trauma by perpetuator(s). Currently, it is recommended to replace the former term, shaken baby syndrome, which implicates shaking as the only mechanism, with AHT to include diverse clinical and radiological manifestations. The consequences of AHT cause devastating medical, social and financial burdens on families, communities, and victims. The potential harm of AHT to the developing brain and spinal cord of the victims is tremendous. Many studies have reported that the adverse effects of AHT are various and serious, such as blindness, mental retardation, physical limitation of daily activities and even psychological problems. Therefore, appropriate vigilance for the early recognition and diagnosis of AHT is highly recommended to stop and prevent further injuries. The aim of this review is to summarize the relevant evidence concerning the early recognition and diagnosis of AHT. To recognize this severe type of child abuse early, all health care providers maintain a high index of suspicion and vigilance. Such suspicion can be initiated with careful and thorough history taking and physical examinations. Previously developed clinical prediction rules can be helpful for decision-making regarding starting an investigation when considering meaningful findings. Even the combination of biochemical markers may be useful to predict AHT. For a more confirmative evaluation, neuroradiological imaging is required to find AHT-specific findings. Moreover, timely consultation with ophthalmologists is needed to find a very specific finding, retinal hemorrhage.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Purpose: Trauma is one of the most common causes of death for children, and identifying severely injured children quickly in an overcrowded emergency room (ER) is difficult. Therefore, severe injury must be prevented, and the severity of injuries in children must be determined easily from their general characteristics and pre-hospital factors. Methods: Injured children younger than 15 years of age who visited the ER from June 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled. According to the revised trauma score (RTS) of the patients, the study population was divided in two groups, a severe group (RTS<7) and a mild group ($RTS{\geq}7$). The general characteristics and the pre-hospital factors were compared between the two groups. Results: Six hundred seventy-three children were enrolled, their mean age was 8.03 (${\pm}4.45$) years, and 476 (70.73%) patients were male. Of these patients, 22 patients (3.27%) were in the severe group, and 651 patients (96.73%) were in the mild group. Fewer males were in the severe group than in the mild group (50.00% vs. 71.43%, p=0.030), and children in the severe group were younger than children in the mild group (3.50 vs. 8.00 years, p=0.049). In the severe group, toddlers (54.55%, p=0.036) were the most common age group. Severe injuries occurred more often in spring (32.81%) and summer (54.56%) than in autumn (9.09%) and winter (4.55%) (p=0.026). The most common places of injury in the severe group were roads (50.00%, p=0.009), and the most common mechanisms of injury in the severe group were traffic accidents (50.00%), followed by falls (31.82%) (p=0.011). Most severely injured children were transferred by ambulance (72.73%, p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for identifying severely injured children quickly in the field and the ER. To prevent severe pediatric injuries, precautions and policies based on these results should be established.

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

Objective: Falling is a common cause of head injury in preschool aged children. We investigated the characteristics of mild head injuries caused by falling and the association between body weight and occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on head-injured preschool-aged children that visited the emergency department from January 2012 to December 2015. Characteristics such as age, sex, weight, free fall height, floor type, and presence of TBI, as defined as cerebral hemorrhage or skull fracture, were investigated. We calculated body weight percentiles by calibrating age and weight and categorized them into four quartile ranges. We grouped all included cases into two groups according to the presence of TBI. The characteristics of the two groups were compared by using chi-square test, and the association with TBI was investigated by using binomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 701 children were included, and TBI was observed in 95 children. Children with TBI were younger. The proportion of children with TBI was higher in the third and fourth quartiles of the body weight group as well as according to soft floor and fall from high height (${\geq}1m$). The odds of soft floor being associated with TBI was higher than the odds for hard floor (odds ratio, 2.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.597-4.680). The odds of high height (${\geq}1m$) being associated with TBI was higher than that for low height (odds ratio, 2.306; 95% CI, 1.155-4.601), and the odds ratio for the weight percentile group was 1.228 (95% CI, 1.005-1.499). Conclusion: Prevalence of TBI after falling in preschool-aged children might be associated with high fall-height and body weight quartiles.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2008

Since hundreds thousands of pedestrians are killed or injured in car accidents every year, a variety of research efforts have been performed to protect pedestrians in pedestrian-vehicle crashes. The IHRA reports that injuries on the child head, the adult head, and the adult lower leg/knee are the most critical in the crashes. Identifying the current status of international activities on pedestrian protection, this study, in particular, carries out headform impact test using selected domestic vehicles categorized by three groups - Sedan, SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle), and 1 Box (One Box) Vehicle. According to the valuable findings from the test results, this paper proposes a methodology under which the Korean Technical Regulation for protecting pedestrians in pedestrian-vehicle crashes will be developed.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2006

According to the United States FMVSS 208, every passenger car on the market after September of 2006 must install a safety system, which can deploy the airbag with different intensity or suppression based on the passenger type, to reduce infant and child injuries from airbag deployments. The Weight Classification System, which has been developed by Hyundai Autonet, is a system that classifies the person occupying the passenger seat. To overcome sensing problems due to the weight sensors small voltage, the Distributed Systems Interface is adopted.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2016

The two main forms of myositis ossificans are congenital and acquired. Either form is rare in the head and neck region. The acquired form is often due to trauma, with bullying as a fairly common cause. This report of myositis ossificans of the platysma in an 11-year-old female patient emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion in unexplainable facial swellings in children and the benefit of modern investigative modalities in their management.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2001

Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a form of child abuse that can cause significant head injuries, of which subdural hematoma (SDH) is the most common manifestation. We report the MRI findings of chronic SDH in three cases of SBS, involving two-, three- and eight-month-old babies. The SDH signal was mostly low on T1-weighted images and high on T2-weighted images, suggesting chronic SDH. In chronic SDH, a focal high signal on T1-weighted images was also noted, suggesting rebleeding. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed diffuse dural enhancement.