• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chicken muscle

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Changes in Characteristic Proteins during Chilling of Dressed broilers (Dressed broilers의 냉장중(冷藏中) 특수단백질(特殊蛋白質) 변화(變化))

  • Lee, Young-Choon
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.165-169
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    • 1971
  • From both breast and leg muscle of 12 week-old broiler chicken held for aging in slushed ice and dry chilling at $33-35^{\circ}F$., myosin, actomyosin and other nitrogenous fractions were extracted with KCl-phosphate buffer for various periods from 1 hr. to 25 hr. post-mortem. The changes in extractable nitrogen occurred mainly as a result of decrease in extractability of myosin and to some extent, increase in extractability of actomyosin. Changes in stroma, sarcoplasmic and NPN fractions were small. Myosin extractability decreased rapidly during the first 3 hr. post-mortem and then reduced Continuously in both leg muscle and breast muscle during wet chilling. The decrease of myosin extractability in leg muscle was much more than that in breast muscle, and then the extractability increased after 17 hr. post-mortem in dry chilling. Actomyosin was extracted at low consistent level in wet chilling, while it increased considerably after 17 hr. post-mortem in dry chilling. The tendency was similar in both breast and leg muscle.

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Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Nucleoporin 210 (Nup210) in Chicken

  • Ndimukaga, Marc;Bigirwa, Godfrey;Lee, Seokhyun;Lee, Raham;Oh, Jae-Don
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2019
  • Nucleoporin 210 (Nup210) is associated with several physiological processes including muscle and neural cell differentiation, autoimmune diseases, and peripheral T cell homeostasis. Chicken Nup210 (chNup210) gene was originally identified as one of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidney tissues of chicken. To elucidate the role of Nup210 in metabolic disease of chicken, we studied the molecular characteristics of chNup210 and analyzed its gene expression under the stimulation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligands. The Nup210 genomic DNA and amino acid sequences of various species including fowls, fishes, and mammals were retrieved from the Ensemble database and subjected to bioinformatics analyses. The expression of Nup210 from several chicken tissues was probed through qRT-PCR, and chicken fibroblast DF-1 cell line was used to determine the change in expression of chNup210 after stimulation with TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)). The chNup210 gene was highly expressed in chicken lung and spleen tissues. Although highly conserved among the species, chNup210 was evolutionary clustered in the same clade as that of duck compared to other mammals. Furthermore, this study revealed that chNup210 is expressed in TLR3 signaling pathway and provides fundamental information on Nup210 expression in chicken. Future studies that offer insight into the involvement of chNup210 in the chicken innate immune response against viral infection are recommended.

The growth stage study on the femur and tibia of Korean native chicken after hatching (한국 재래닭의 부화 후 성장단계별 넙다리뼈와 정강뼈 성장에 관한 연구)

  • Tae, Hyun-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2015
  • Skeletal development of chicken has been widely discussed in industrial forums and various research reports. However, these studies were emphasis on the commercial chicken strains for improve egg and meat production whereas the skeletal quiet remains as a potential weak link related to facilitating in the physical support of heavier carcasses at ever younger ages. For that, the study of standardization of skeletal development is important but it was rarely reported in Korean native chicken (KNC). The study was investigated the skeletal characteristics of KNC for international standardization. We studied in KNC at 2, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 147, 168, 196, 224, 336 and 448 days after hatch (male and female, n=13 for each group). We measured the body weight (BW), and after sacrifice measured organs and remove muscle from femur & tibia and measured bone weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan test, correlation analysis and regression analysis of SAS 9.1. We analyzed the data of BW, femur & tibia and made growth curve also. The BW was significantly increased up to 147 days after hatch (male, $1,927.88{\pm}68.92g$; female, $1,456.00{\pm}50.11g$), and then increased gradually. At 336 days, these growth was stop (male, $2,467.00{\pm}42.84g$; female, $1,568.71{\pm}62.62g$). The growth of femur & tibia length and width was stop on 98~126 days after hatch. At 98 days, we measured the length and width of femur & tibia in male were $132.39{\pm}3.18mm$ & $25.98{\pm}0.59mm$ whereas in female at 112 days the length of femur & tibia was $116.40{\pm}1.55mm$ and at 126 days width was $21.41{\pm}0.38mm$. Our study suggests that the growth of male KNC was classified pre-puberty (0~98 days), puberty (98~336 days) and maturity (after 336 days), meanwhile female was shown similar trend however puberty period of KNC was 112 or 126 days after hatch.

Expression Analysis of the Mx Gene and Its Genome Structure in Chickens

  • Yin, C.G.;Du, L.X.;Li, S.G.;Zhao, G.P.;Zhang, J.;Wei, C.H.;Xu, L.Y.;Liu, T.;Li, H.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.7
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    • pp.855-862
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    • 2010
  • Among the known interferon-induced antiviral mechanisms, the Mx pathway is one of the most powerful pathways. The Mx protein has direct antiviral activity and inhibits a wide range of viruses by blocking an early stage of the viral replication cycle. Cloning, characterization, and expression of Mx in vivo and in vitro have been conducted. The chicken Mx gene spans 21 kb and is made up of 14 exons and 13 introns, of which the promoter region was analyzed. The real-time PCR results showed that Mx expression was increased in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) after 12- and 24-h induction with polyI: C. Induction of Mx expression by poly I: C in vivo revealed tissue-specific patterns among the chicken tissues tested. A trace expression of Mx was detected in healthy chicken liver tissues from adult chickens without inducement; the expression levels in the liver, heart, and gizzard were higher than in the muscle and kidney. This is the first report to demonstrate the expression of a glutathione-S-transferase-tagged-Mx fusion protein of 75 KDa, as well as the biological activity tested by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

Effects of pH-treated Fish Sarcoplasmic Proteins on the Functional Properties of Chicken Myofibrillar Protein Gel Mediated by Microbial Transglutaminase

  • Hemung, Bung-Orn;Chin, Koo Bok
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.307-315
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    • 2014
  • pH adjustment would be of advantage in improving the water holding capacity of muscle proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of fish sarcoplasmic protein (SP) solution, which was adjusted to pH 3.0 or 12.0, neutralized to pH 7.0, and lyophilized to obtain the acid- and alkaline-treated SP samples, on the functional properties of the chicken myofibrillar protein induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The solubility of alkaline-treated SP was higher than that of the acid counterpart; however, those values of the two pH-treated samples were lower than that of normal SP (p<0.05). All SP solutions were mixed with myofibrillar proteins (MP) extracted from chicken breast, and incubated with MTG. The shear stresses of MP with acid- and alkaline-treated SP were higher than that of normal SP. The thermal stability of MP mixture reduced upon adding SP, regardless of the pH treatment. The breaking force of MP gels with acid-treated SP increased more than those of alkaline-treated SP, while normal SP showed the highest value. The MP gel lightness increased, but cooking loss reduced, with the addition of SP. Smooth microstructure of the gel surface was observed. These results indicated that adjusting the pH of SP improved the water holding capacity of chicken myofibrillar proteins induced by MTG.

Quality Poultry Meat Production (양질의 닭고기 생산 방안)

  • 남기홍
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 1999
  • Concerns about meat quality, including chicken meat, for the human diet has led to many attempts to manipulate the carcass fat and increase the eating quality. For actual eating quality, the birds must be grown and finished in a manner that results in meat that are tender, succulent and of good flavor, as well as being free from any foreign taint, flavor or safety hazard. Tenderization treatment with high voltage(820V) electrical stimulation and prechill muscle tensioning would improve the tenderness of chicken meat. Proper programs for the withdrawal of feed and water require a team approach for maximizing yield of meat and minimizing carcass contamination. Also effding of supplemental levels of-tocopherol to poultry with vegetable or fish oils increases of desirable polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) content and stablizes the meat against rancidity and fish off-flavors. The nutritional effects of varying dietary ingredients on broiler carcass fat content are also important. Increasing the levels of energy in the ration increases the carcass fat content, while increasing the proteing levels decreases carcass fat content. Supplement-tation of poultry diets with amino acids such as methionine, lysine, glycine and tryptophan as well as amino acid such as well as amino acid mixtures can reduce body fat deposition. Normal stress leads to chicken muscular damage resulting in reduced meat quality, but this can be controlled by preslaughter management practices. Feed manufactures can utilize ntilize nutrient modulation to control pale soft exudative(PSE)syndrome. Finally, the success in poultry meat production depends on the consistent achievement of carefully selected levels of quality. Quality assurance should be the wider function of incorporating quality into the production system and the combination of motivating quality into actions and operations.

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우모분과 pyridoxine에 의한 taurine 강화 계육 생산

  • 이승민;임희석;이복희;김우연;백인기
    • Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.95-96
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    • 2004
  • An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM its) digests on the performance of broiler chicks and taurine content in broiler meat. A total of 1,000 broiler chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments : Control, FM diet(FM), FM+pyridoxine(FM+Pyridox), H$_2$O$_2$ treated FM diet(H$_2$O$_2$-FM) and enzyme treated FM diet (Enzyme-FM). Treated diets were supplemented with FM or FM digests at the level of 5 % to the control diet. During the stater period, weight gain of chicks fed FM+Pyridox was significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the other FM or FM digest treatments but was not different from the control. Weight gam of overall period were not significantly different among treatments. Feed intake of the control was greater than that of FM or FM digest treatments. Feed conversion ratio(feed intake/gain) of chicks fed FM and H$_2$O$_2$-FM were significantly higher than those of Enzyme-FM and FM+Pyridox, but were not significantly different from the control. Taurine contents of leg and breast mucle were significantly (P<0.01) different among treatments but those of liver were not significantly different. Taurine content of FM+Pyridox was highest in both leg and breast muscle. It was 85 % higher in leg muscle and 15 % higher in breast muscle than that of the control. Sensory evaluation data showed significant but not consistant responses in various parameters. FM + Pyridox treatment showed highest score in aroma of raw leg muscle of male and in juiciness and tenderness of broiled breast muscle of male chickens. Control group showed highest color score in raw leg muscle of female and lowest overall acceptability score in broiled breast and leg muscle of male chicken. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched especially in broiler leg meat by 5 % FM diet supplemented with pyridoxine.

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Postmortem Changes in Z-disk Domain of Titin in the Chicken Muscle (계육의 숙성 중 Titin의 Z선 영역(Zeugmatin)의 변화)

  • 안동현;박선미
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.292-300
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    • 1998
  • This study was undertaken to determine the influence in the Z-disk domain of titin on the tenderization of meat by the structure change of myofibrillar Z-disks during post-mortem aging. After weakening the structure of Z-disks, the Z-disk region was splitted. As the results, myofibrils were fragmented by mechanical strength. Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that the Z-disk domain of titin was disappeared from myofibrils in this period. There phenomenon were also shown by treating myofibrils with a solution containing 0.1mM $Ca^{2+}$. We conclude that change in Z-disk domain of titin is directly effected on the tenderization of meat during post-mortem aging and these change is due to manily calcium ions.

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Effect of Plant Proteolytic Enzyme on the Physico-chemical Properties and Lipid Profile of Meat from Culled, Desi and Broiler Chicken

  • Sinku, R.P.;Prasad, R.L.;Pal, A.K.;Jadhao, S.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.884-888
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    • 2003
  • Proteolytic enzymes are used for meat tenderization, an important process with regard to consumer preference. The proteolytic enzyme, IVRIN was isolated from the plant Cucumis pubescens W and its effect on physico-chemical properties and lipid profile of thigh and breast muscle of culled, desi and broiler birds was studied. Fifty-gram meat was treated with IVRIN containing 32.5 mg enzyme protein at $60^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The pH of IVRIN treated meat was decreased significantly (p<0.01) and the effect was more pronounced in breast than thigh muscle. The water holding capacity (WHC) was increased significantly (p<0.01) in broiler as compared to desi and culled bird, and in breast compared to thigh muscle. IVRIN failed to produce any impact on muscle fiber diameter (MFD). The MFD of desi was significantly higher (p<0.01) than broiler and culled birds. The total lipid concentration in thigh and breast muscle of desi was lower (p<0.01) than broiler and culled birds, latter being similar in this respect. The cholesterol content was lower (p<0.01) in breast than thigh muscle, in broiler than desi and culled and in IVRIN treated than untreated meat samples. The phospholipid concentration was unaffected by IVRIN. Broiler and culled birds exhibited more phospholipid content than desi birds.

Identification of Histone Deacetylase 2 as a Functional Gene for Skeletal Muscle Development in Chickens

  • Shahjahan, Md.;Liu, Ranran;Zhao, Guiping;Wang, Fangjie;Zheng, Maiqing;Zhang, Jingjing;Song, Jiao;Wen, Jie
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.479-486
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    • 2016
  • A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) exposed histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) as a possible candidate gene for breast muscle weight in chickens. The present research has examined the possible role of HDAC2 in skeletal muscle development in chickens. Gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in breast and thigh muscles during both embryonic (four ages) and post-hatch (five ages) development and in cultures of primary myoblasts during both proliferation and differentiation. The expression of HDAC2 increased significantly across embryonic days (ED) in breast (ED 14, 16, 18, and 21) and thigh (ED 14 and 18, and ED 14 and 21) muscles suggesting that it possibly plays a role in myoblast hyperplasia in both breast and thigh muscles. Transcript abundance of HDAC2 identified significantly higher in fast growing muscle than slow growing in chickens at d 90 of age. Expression of HDAC2 during myoblast proliferation in vitro declined between 24 h and 48 h when expression of the marker gene paired box 7 (PAX7) increased and cell numbers increased throughout 72 h of culture. During induced differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, the abundance of HDAC2 and the marker gene myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1), both increased significantly. Taken together, it is suggested that HDAC2 is most likely involved in a suppressive fashion in myoblast proliferation and may play a positive role in myoblast differentiation. The present results confirm the suggestion that HDAC2 is a functional gene for pre-hatch and post-hatch (fast growing muscle) development of chicken skeletal muscle.