• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1975

The typical traction diverticulum of the mid-thoracic esophagus is conical or funnel shaped with a wide orifice, is small (rarely exceeding 2cm in length), and is situated horizontally or extends superiorly. It is a true diverticulum, having a complete investment by the esophageal muscle coats. Each of these characteristics promotes easy emptying of the diverticulum. Since food accumulation is presented, there is no tendency to progressive enlargement of the sac, and no associated dysphagia. The diverticula of mid-esophagus rarely develop and rarely produce symptoms. When symptoms develop, they are usually caused by granulomatous infections of the mediastinal lymph nodes. And also such diverticula only rarely give rise to significant complications, the most serious of which is a tracheobronchial fistula. Generally when such complications develop or a diverticulum itself produces symptoms, moderate or severe, surgery intervenes. A case of mid-esophageal diverticulum, traction type, which surgically treated with good results, was experienced at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Kyung-Pook University. School of Medicine. In this case, there were substernal discomfort, acid regurgitation, and back pain for about 6 months. On the operative findings, it was noticed that the diverticulum was developed by traction and adhesion of perihilar nodes to the esophageal wall. The diverticulum was a small finger tip size and the neck of it was obscure. The surrounding inflammatory change was minimal.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.701-711
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• 1991

We experienced 6 cases of primary cardiac tumor, all received operation for removal of tumor. Mean age was 43.8 years-old ranging from 17 years-old to 66 years-old. Five cases were female, one case was male. Five cases were benign, myxoma, all located within left atrium. One case was malignant, angiosarcoma within right atrium. All patient showed cardiac manifestations. One case was in NYHA functional class II, two were in III, three were in IV. Four patients showed constitutional symptoms, but no one showed evidence of embolic phenomenon. All case of myxoma showed cardiomegaly except one malignancy. Only one case was regular sinus rhythm, three were sinus tachycardia 8z two were atrial fibrillation. The most common site of tumor origin was fossa ovalis limbus[four of all]. Two of five myxomas received emergency operation, one patient died postoperatively. Lived four patients showed no evidence of recurrence[mean follow-up, 3,5 years], but one patient has Grade II /IV mitral regurgitation & in OPD follow-up now, One malignant case, 17 years-old cerebral palsy female, was angiosarcoma occupied most of right atrial chamber originated from anterior wall of right atrium, received emergency operation which was removal of mass & reconstruction of right atrium with artificial pericardial patch. This patient died on postoperative 36th day due to persistent LCOS[low cardiac output syndrome] with combined sepsis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.693-700
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• 1991

A rare case of the association of distal aortopulmonary septal defect, aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery, intact ventricular septum, patent ductus arteriosus and interrupted aortic isthmus in a 40-day-old infant is reported. The infant was suffered from two operations with an interval of nine days. At the first operation a 10mm polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis was inserted instead of the interrupted aortic isthmus and ductus was ligated via the left posterolateral thoracotomy. But the patient could not be weaned from the respirator because of large amount of left-to-right shunt. So the total correction was subsequently performed after an interval of nine days. At the second operation, tunneling of the right pulmonary artery to the main pulmonary artery through the aortopulmonary septal defect was performed using the Dacron patch via a longitudinal transaortic approach and a separate autologous pericardial patch was applied to the longitudinally incised margins of the anterior wall of the ascending aorta. The second postoperative course was relatively uneventful except some respiratory distress and nutritional problems. Now he is at 6 months of age and thrives well without any symptom. Because the success of the surgical repair of this complex anomalies depends upon the accurate diagnosis and meticulous design of each step of procedure prior to operation these problems are also discussed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.878-882
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• 2003

Tracheal bronchus is an aberrant, accessory or ectopic bronchus arising almost invariably from the right lateral wall of the trachea and may be related to inflammatory conditions affecting the lung, including recurrent pneumonia, bronchiectasis. Recently we experienced a case of tracheal bronchus associated with pulmonary actinomycosis. The 37-year-old male patient had suffered recurrent hemoptysis and had been medicated as a presumptive diagnosis of tuberculosis, but either clinical or radiologic improvement was not seen. Right upper lobectomy was performed and pulmonary actinomycosis was confirmed by the histologic examination. Postoperatively, the patient was medicated with penicillin and ampicillin for 3 months and completely recovered without any evidence of recurrence during the 6month follow-up period.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 2005

Painful and disabling snapping scapula is an unusual condition and there have been several reports that have revealed good results after surgical treatment for unilateral snapping scapula. We experienced a case of bilateral painful snapping scapula in a young man, but with successful treatment by partial resection of the superomedial angle of both scapula. Preoperative 3-dimensional CT revealed bony prominence of the superomedial angle of both scapula and narrowing between superior scapular angle and chest wall.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.147-151
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• 2012

We report large tumors of the left thoracic cavity, which arose from the ribs, were diagnosed as chondrosarcoma in a 4-year-old male mixed dog. The dog was presented with swelling in the left side of the chest wall and lameness. The masses were found to be circumscribed, whitish-grey, large and firm. The cut surface revealed whitish-grey lobules of varying size with cartilaginous consistency. Those were subsequently metastasized to the lung and mandibular lymph node. Histologically, the tumors were made up of clusters of chondroid cells having pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei with occasional mitosis. A special and immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Chondroid matrix in tumor showed a positive reaction for alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining. Immunoreactivity to S-100 proteins was present in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of chondrocytes in tumor. The final diagnosis was grade III chondrosarcoma in the rib, considering histological features in grading criteria.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

Sleep is associated with definite changes in respiratory function in normal human beings. During sleep, there is loss of voluntary control of breathing and a decrease in the usual ventilatory response to both low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels. Especially, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a distinct neurophysiological state associated with significant changes in breathing pattern and ventilatory control as compared with both wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. REM sleep is characterized by erratic, shallow breathing with irregularities both in amplitude and frequency owing to marked reduction in intercostal and upper airway muscle activity. These blunted ventilatory responses during sleep are clinically important. They permit marked hypoxemia that occurs during REM sleep in patients with lung or chest wall disease. In addition, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is more frequent and longer and hypoventilation is more pronounced during REM sleep. Although apneic episodes are most frequent and severe during REM sleep, most adults spend less than 20 to 25% of total sleep time in REM sleep. It is, therefore, possible for patients to have frequent apneas and hypopneas during REM sleep and still have a normal apnea-hypopnea index if the event-rich REM periods are diluted by event-poor periods of NREM sleep. In this review, we address respiratory physiology according to sleep stage, and the clinical implications of SDB and hypoventilation aggravated during REM sleep.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1993

The role of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the evaluation of thoracic disease has been limited Nontheless, MR has inherent properties of better contrast resolution than CT allowing tissue-specific diagnosis. MR has capability of direct imaging in sagittal, coronal, and oblique planes which provide better anatomic information than axial images of CT such as lesions in the pulmonary apex, aorticopulmonary window, peridiaphragmatic region, and subcarinal region. MR is sensitive to blood flow making it an ideal imaging modality for the evaluation of cardiovascular system of the thorax without the need for intravenous contrast media. Technical developments and better control of motion artifacts have resulted in improved image quality, and clinical applications of MR imaging in thoracic diseases have been expanded. Although MR imaging is considered as a problem-solving tool in patients with equivocal CT findings, MR should be used as the primary imaging modality in the following situations: 1) Evaluation of the cardiovascular abnormalities of the thorax 2) Evaluation of the superior sulcus tumors 3) Evaluation of the chest wall invasion or mediastinal invasion by tumor 4) Evaluation of the posterior mediastinal mass, especially neurogenic tumor 5) Differentiation of fibrosis and residual or recurrent tumor, especially in lymphoma 6) Evaluation of brachial plexopathy With technical developments and fast scan capabilities, clinical indications for MR imaging in thorax will increase in the area of pulmonary parenchymal and pulmonary vascular imaging.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1993

In March of l992, We performed two intentional total spinal blocks for the relief of pain. This was for 2 cases of post-traumatic cervical syndrome whose various symptoms were chronically unresponsive to the usual conservative treatments. We regularly checked the blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and observed clinically the changes of respiration, consciousness, lid and light reflexes during the total spinal block. Pain relief was evaluated by using the Visual Analog Scale which is designed to measure the subjective intensity of pain. The results were as follows; 1) The effectiveness of total spinal block was 60% in case 1, 40% in case 2. 2) We observed two complications from the procedure. Firstly during the block, these were transient periods of hypotension. Following the block, accidental procedures related direct neural trauma resulted in anterior chest wall pain. In conclusion we believe that total spinal block is a satisfactory and reliable method for the treatment of post-traumatic cervical syndrome.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 1993

Proliferative fasciitis is a benign pseudosarcomatous mesenchymal lesion occurring in the subcutis. The lesion occurs clinically as a tumorous mass that develops within a rather short time in elderly patients. We recently experiecened a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of proliferative fasciitis in the left anterior chest wall of a 72 year-old male patient. The smear revealed two types of cells. One was the large and mostly oval cell with one or two nuclei lying at the periphery of the cell body and abundant basophilic cytoplasm like the ganglion cell. The nuclei were round to oval, had vesicular chromatin and contained prominent nucleoli. The other was the spindle shaped fibroblast with an oval nucleus. The differential diagnosis includes a true tumor such as ganglioneuroma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and liposarcoma and therefore fine needle aspiration cytology is very much indicated in order to exclude these possibilities.