• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.299-308
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• 2012

To perform patient dose surveys in major interventional radiography procedures as a mean of inter-institutional comparison and of establishing reference dose levels with the ultimate goal of optimizing patient doses in the field of interventional radiography. We reviewed international patient dose survey data in the literature and measured patient dose in major interventional radiography procedures (TACE, AVF, PTBD, TFCA, GDC embolization). ESD(Entrance Skin Dose) was measured using TLD chips attached to the patient skin and ED(Effective Dose) was calculated using angiography unit-derived DAP. A survey of patient dose in interventional radiography procedures were also performed with a questionnaire for interventional radiologists and we proposed a guideline for optimizing patient doses in the field of interventional radiology. The patient dose survey data in interventional radiography procedures were very rare in literature compared with those in diagnostic radiography procedures. In TACE, the mean ED was 25.43 mSv and the mean ESD was 511.75 mGy. The mean ED of TACE was not high, but the cumulative dose should be checked, due to longer procedure TACE. In TFCA, the mean ED was 22.6 mSv and it was relatively high compared with data of other countries. In GDC embolization, the mean ED was not available, because GDC embolization was performed with old Image-Intensifier-type unit and there has no unit-installed ionization chamber. Also, the mean ESD of GDC embolization was up to 2,264 mGy and further studies are needed to calculate the net ED of GDC embolization. Patient dose occurred during interventional radiography procedures are high related with the difficulty of the procedure, fluoroscopy time, the number of angiographies and the treatment protocol. Therefore, continuous education and efforts should be made to optimize the patient dose in the field of interventional radiology.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Recently the development of portable digital wireless imaging system, which acquires digital radiation images by using wireless LAN telecommunications function in an easy and fast way, provides lots of convenience for people. Considering the characteristics of portable imaging tests on emergency and critical patients, this study aims to suggest guidelines for Digital wireless detector by evaluating the effect of de-centering of focus-grid and displacement of subject in detector on the quality of image. The equipments used for this study were Elmo-T6 Digital Mobile X-ray system (SIMAZU Corp.), el' Tor ($14{\times}17$ "Wireless detector), Grid (10:1) and Chest & head phantom. After acquiring post-processing image according to dose increase and de-centering image of grid-focus and head phantom displacement image, this study compared, analyzed and evaluated these images by using a digital image analysis program by Image J. In the change of images based on dose increase, images were rough in the dose of 0.5 mAs, while there was no difference among images in the proper dose of 1~2 mAs and, especially from 2.5 mAs, average value of pixels radically decreased, affecting contrast. Over 3 mAs, contrast dropped due to saturation phenomenon of lungs. As the result of analysis using Image J program, with the increase of displacement between focus-grid and head phantom, the frequency of low pixel value also increase, causing the outline of surface image to disappear, which in turn affects contrast. For better quality imaging, a radiographer must be aware before the time of test that the image quality can be changed based on the critical patient's posture, movement, respiration, displacement of X-ray tube and distance of imaging.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2016

This study analyzed the correlation between BMD (bone mineral density) value calculated in the MDCT (multidetector computed tomography) and lifestyle, physical features and social characteristics. From July 15 2015 to June 6 2016, we converted from HU (hounsfield unit) value measured by using MDCT to T-score for BMD of 141 patients (male: 63, female: 78) in W medical center. We measured the 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbar spine and analyzed the correlation between gender differences in BMD and lifestyle, physical features and social characteristics. Statistical significance was validated using independent sample T test with one way Anova. Gender BMD was confirmed that a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). BMD values decreased with increasing age but for the statistically men, there was no significant difference from 20s to 50s, it only showed a significant difference in 20s and 60s (p<0.001). For the statistically women, there was no significant difference from 20s to 40s. but since 50s BMD was decreased rapidly, which showed a significant difference (p<0.001). women showed significant differences for the menstruation and menopause, childbirth, alcohol, cereals and greasy food in bone mineral density (p<0.05) but there were no significant differences in men. The bone mineral density values calculated by the MDCT and lifestyle, physical features and social characteristics correlation analysis method is considered to be used as a basis for estimating the state in BMD and osteoporosis management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1159-1166
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• 1997

For Improvement of lung preservation, many tripes of preservation solution were developed and tested. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the most frequently used extracellular type pieservation solution (Low Potassium Dextran, LPD) with a newly developed trehalose containing extracellular type preservation solution(ET-Kyoto, ETK) on postischemic lung function. Twelve New-Zealand white rabbit lungs were harvested and studied on an isolated, blood-perfused model of lung function after 4 hours of cold ischemia at $10^{\circ}C$ In group I (n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of LPD solution; in group II(n=6), lungs were preserved with 100 mL/kg of ETK solution. A few minutes before flushing with preservation solutions, 20$\mu\textrm{g}$ of PGEI were injected into main pulmonary artery. Functions of the preserved lung were compared with PO2, PA pressure, t acheal air pressure, and drylwet ratio. The pulmonary efferent blood oxygen tension at the end of the 60-minute reperfusion period was higher in group II compacted with group I(486.5 $\pm$ 80.3 mmHg versus $432.5\pm82.9$ mmHg at FiO2 1.0, p-value = NS). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure was similar in both $groups.(33.7\pm2.2$ mmHg versus $35.5\pm2.0$ mmHg, p-value : NS). The peak inspiratory airway pressure was significantly lower in group 11(8.010.6 mmHg versus 11.8 $\pm$ 1.4 mmHg, p-value=0.02) The water content of the lung was lower in group II $(70.2\pm6.9%$ versus 78.5 $\pm6.1%),$ but not significant. These data demonstrate that a newly-developed trehalose-containing ET-Kyoto solution yield equal or slightly superior lung function after reperfusion compared with LPD solution.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2015

This study was undertaken to characterize feed value and silage quality according to storage period and film layers for whole-crop barley silage. The crude protein (CP) content increased in all silage during the storage periods compared to those before silage, this content slightly increased over the prolonged storage period but it was not significant (p>0.05). Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were higher than 4 layers. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents also increased in all silage during storage periods compared to those before silage (P<0.05), but they were maintained at similar levels during the storage period. Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were higher than 4 layers. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) content decreased in all silage during the storage periods. However, it was maintained at a similar level for the duration of each storage period. Depending on the film layers of silage, 6 layers were lower than 4 layers. The pH value was decreased during the prolonged storage period and depending on the film layers, 6 layers were lower than 4 layers. In the organic acid contents during the prolonged storage period, lactic acid increased, acetic acid was lower, and butyric acid was significantly higher (p<0.05). Depending on the film layers, 6 layers showed higher levels of lactic acid and lower levels of butyric acid (p<0.05). Therefore, these results showed that 6 layer wrapping was advantageous for long term storage of whole crop barley silage, while also indicating that it is desirable to use 4 layer wrapping within a six month period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.243-249
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• 2019

A barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Youjin' with hooded spike type having good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. 'Youjin' showed both high yielding and cold resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) from 2012 to 2013. We conducted regional yield trials(RYT) of 'Youjin' in six locations around Korea for three years from 2014 to 2016. It had erect plant type, growth habit of II, the green leaf and hooded awn type. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and the maturing date was May 25. Plant height was 99 cm and the number of spikes per ㎡ was 696. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and good winter hardiness. The average dry matter of Youjin was about 17.2 MT ha^-1 in the field. And feed quality of 'Youjin' was 10.6% of crude protein content, 24.8% of ADF(Acid Detergent Fiber), 43.5 % of NDF(Neutral Detergent Fiber), 69.1% of TDN(Total Digestible Nutrients). And also 'Youjin' had grade I of silage quality.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2003

Objectives : Because shipyard workers are involved with various manufacturing process, they are exposed to many kinds of hazardous materials. Welders especially, are exposed to bisphenol-A (BPA) during the welding and flame cutting of coated steel, This study was conducted to assess the exposure status of the endocrine disrupter based on the job-exposure matrix. The effects of the genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic enzyme metabolisms involved in the metabolism of BPA on the levels of urinary metabolite were investigated. Methods : The study population was recruited from a shipyard company in the f province. A total of 84 shipbuilding workers 47 and 37 in the exposed and control groups, respectively, were recruited for this study. The questionnaire variables included, age, sex, use of personal protective equipment, smoking, drinking and work duration. The urinary metabolite was collected in the afternoon and correction made for the urinary creatinine concentration. The of the CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and UGT1A6 genotypes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with the DNA extracted from venous blood. Results : The urinary BPA level in the welders group was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The urinary BPA concentration with the wild type UGT1A6 was higher than the other UGT1A6 genotypes, but with no statistical significant. From themultiple regression analysis of the urinary BPA, the regression coefficient for job grade was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : The grade of exposure to BPA affected the urinary BPA concentration was statistically significant. However, the genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotics enzyme metabolism were not statistically significant. Further investigation of the genetic polymorphisms with a larger sample size is needed.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.174-183
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• 2010

Purpose : The organisms causing peritonitis and their antibiotic sensitivities vary in different regions and centers, and these data are necessary to establish regional treatment guidelines. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in incidence and characteristics of the organisms that cause peritonitis in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) during recent 10 years. Methods : We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data from medical records of 110 children on PD during the period from 2000 to 2010. Results : One hundred and forty episodes of peritonitis have occurred in 57 patients. The overall incidence of peritonitis was 0.43 episodes/patient year, and similar incidence have been maintained since 2003. Sixty percent of the patients experienced peritonitis within 1 year of PD, and all patients commencing PD in infancy experienced peritonitis. Gram positive (G (+)), gram negative (G (-)) organisms and fungi were cultured in 58%, 38%, and 4.1% respectively and cultures were negative in 13.6%. Staphylococcus was the most common G (+) organism, and Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were 2 most frequent G (-) organisms isolated. Fifty-six percent of the G (+) organisms were sensitive to first generation cephalosporin and 91% of G (-) pathogens were sensitive to ceftazidime. Methicillin-resistance rate was not higher in children less than 2 years of age than in those more than 2 years. Conclusion : An additional breakthrough has to be made to further reduce the incidence of peritonitis. Treatment guideline customized for peritonitis in Korean children on PD need to be established through a nationwide co-work.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

Purpose : Genetic and clinical factors can influence the permeability of the peritoneal membrane. The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is helpful in measuring peritoneal permeability in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We investigated the influence of genetic polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the PET parameters. Methods : Pediatric patients who underwent PET within 12 months of initiating PD at Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Samsung Medical Center were selected. The patients with positive history of peritonitis before PET were excluded. The VEGF -2578C/A, -14978T/C, -1154G/A, -634G/C, and +936C/T single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. Results : The mean 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma ratio for creatinine (D/P creatinine) and the mean 4-hour dialysate glucose to baseline dialysate glucose ratio (D/$D_0$ glucose) were $0.56{\pm}0.13$ and $0.43{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The patients with haplotype CTGGC showed higher 4-hour D/P creatinine ($0.67{\pm}0.12$ vs $0.50{\pm}0.09$, P=0.007) and lower 4-hour D/$D_0$ glucose ($0.35{\pm}0.12$ vs $0.47{\pm}0.08$, P=0.037) than those without haplotype CTGGC. Conclusion : The VEGF genetic polymorphism may influence the peritoneal solute transport.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 2008

Purpose : Voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) is required to detect vesicoureteral reflux(VUR), which may manifest as urinary tract infection(UTI) in children. It is well known that VCUG can cause UTI(post-VCUG UTI). In this study, risk factors for post-VCUG UTI and the preventive effect of antibiotics against this complication of VCUG were explored. Methods : Medical records of 284 patients who underwent VCUG at our hospital in 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of post-VCUG UTI and risk factors for post-VCUG UTI, and the impact of antibiotic use on prevention of post-VCUG UTI were evaluated. According to antibiotics usage, we divided the enrolled patients into 4 groups of noantibiotics group, prophylactic antibiotics group(prophylactic antibiotics having been used before), antibiotics-for-VCUG group(antibiotics added for VCUG) and antibiotics-for-treatment group(treatment dose of antibiotics). Results : Seven of 284 children(2.5%) developed UTI after they underwent VCUG. Highgrade(grade$\geq$III) VUR was the only statistically significant risk factor(odds ratio[OR] 6.266, P=0.026) for post-VCUG UTI, while sex, age, and other anomalies of urinary system were not significant. Five post-VCUG UTI cases belonged to prophylactic antibiotics group. Antibiotics use (three groups using antibiotics vs. no-antibiotics group) or addition of antibiotics for VCUG (antibiotics-for-VCUG vs. other groups) did not have any effect on prevention of post-VCUG UTI. Conclusion : The risk factor for post-VCUG UTI was high-grade VUR. Antibiotics use did not prevent post-VCUG UTI in this study.