• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2022

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)는 다양한 종양에서 발현되는 자가 항원으로 면역치료에서 강력한 표지 인자이며 면역치료를 위한 표적 종양항원으로 널리 알려져 있다. 그러나 수지상세포 단독 치료는 동물모델에서 종양의 발생을 억제하는 데 효과가 있지만 이미 확립된 종양을 제거하는 데는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 항종양 면역 효과를 증가시키기 위하여 화학치료제인 cyclophosphamide (CYP)와 종양 특이 면역치료법인 수지상세포 백신의 병합치료 효과를 CEA를 발현하는 마우스 종양 모델에서 검증하였다. 종양세포 주입 후 2일 소종양군과 10일 대종양군에서 CYP의 항종양 효과를 비교한 결과, 소종양군에서는 100 mg/kg에서 뚜렷한 종양 성장의 억제 효과가 관찰되었지만 대종양군에서는 약한 억제 효과가 관찰되어 본 연구에서는 대종양군을 병합치료의 적합한 모델로 설정하였다. CYP 와 수지상세포 백신의 병합치료(화학면역치료) 시 종양항원 특이 면역반응이 증가되었을 뿐만 아니라 상승적인 항종양 효과가 나타났다. 또한 CYP 치료에서 나타나는 체중 감소 및 조절 T세포와 골수유래 억제세포의 증가에 의한 면역억제는 화학면역치료에 의해 개선되었다. 항원 특이 면역치료를 병합한 화학면역치료가 화학치료의 부작용을 감소시키고 항종양 효과를 증가시킬 수 있는 치료 전략이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

Sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous mesenchymal neoplasms originating from the bone or soft tissues, which pose significant treatment challenges. The current standard treatment for sarcomas consists of surgical resection, often combined with chemo- and radiotherapy; however, local recurrence and metastasis remain significant concerns. Although immunotherapy has demonstrated promise in improving long-term survival rates for certain cancers, sarcomas are generally considered to be relatively less immunogenic than other tumors, presenting substantial challenges for effective immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the possible opportunities for sarcoma immunotherapy, noting cancer testis antigens expressed in sarcomas. We then cover the current status of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including progress in cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cellular therapy and their potential in combating these tumors. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of immunotherapies in sarcomas, including a low tumor mutation burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and explore potential strategies to tackle the immunosuppressive barriers in therapeutic interventions, shedding light on the development of effective and personalized treatments for sarcomas. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and potential of immunotherapies in sarcoma treatment, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for developing effective therapies to improve the outcomes of patients with these rare malignancies.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2003

In order to study the clinical usefulness of crude polysaccharides fractionated from Eleutherococcus senticosus, EN-3, in eliminating tumors, we have investigated the effect of combination therapy on the murine tumor metastasis and growth models. In experimental metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells, prophylactic intravenous (i.v.) administration of EN-3 (0.5, 5, and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) inhibited tumor metastasis compared with tumor control group in 33.6, 66.8, and 81.8％ respectively. The administration of EN-3 (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) also exhibited a 66.1％ therapeutic effect on lung tumor metastasis. Although EN-3 induced no toxic effect on both tumor cell and normal splenocyte in the concentration below 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι in in vitro, it induced significant proliferating activity on normal splenocyte in the concentration-dependent manner. In an analysis of NK-cell activity, i.v. administration of EN-3 (4∼100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mouse) significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity to YAC-1 tumor cells. The combination treatments of cisplatin (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$) and EN-3 (5 $\mu\textrm{g}$) induced synergistic effect on the inhibition of tumor metastasis in experimental tumor metastasis model produced by colon26-M3.1 cells. In addition, the combination treatments also exhibited prolongation of lifespan in S∼180 tumor bearing mouse for over the 60 days. Even though cisplatin (2.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) exhibited cytotoxicity to tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth over 95％ in in vitro, combination treatment with EN-3 (20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mι) was induced splenocyte proliferation and produced cytokines, such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1 and IL-12, from the macrophages. These results suggested that EN-3 stimulate immune system non-specifically and apply to the biological response modifiers (BRM) in chemo-immunotherapy for tumor prevention.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2016

$Foxp3^+$ $CD25^+CD4^+$ regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and are abundant in tumors. Most of these cells are chemo-attracted to tumor tissues and suppress anti-tumor responses inside the tumor. Currently, several cancer immunotherapies targeting Treg cells are being clinically tested. Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapy drugs widely used for cancer treatment. While cisplatin is a powerful drug for the treatment of multiple cancers, there are obstacles that limit its use, such as renal dysfunction and the development of cisplatin-resistant cancer cells after its use. To minimize these barriers, combinatorial therapies of cisplatin with other drugs have been developed and have proven to be more effective to treat cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of the combination therapy using methyl gallate with cisplatin in EL4 murine lymphoma bearing C57BL/6 mice. The combinatorial therapy of methyl gallate and cisplatin showed stronger anti-cancer effects than methyl gallate or cisplatin as single treatments. In Treg cell-depleted mice, however, the effect of methyl gallate vanished. It was found that methyl gallate treatment inhibited Treg cell migration into the tumor regardless of cisplatin treatment. Additionally, in both the normal and cisplatin-treated tumor-bearing mice, there was no renal toxicity attributed to methyl gallate treatment. These findings suggest that methyl gallate treatment could be useful as an adjuvant method accompanied with cisplatin therapy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2011

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) actively suppress immune cells and have been considered as an impediment to successful cancer immunotherapy. Many approaches have been made to overcome such immunosuppressive factors and to exert effective anti-tumor effects, but the possibility of using medicinal plants for this purpose has been overlooked. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is widely known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including immunoboosting and anti-tumor activities. However, little has been done to assess the anti-tumor activity of KRG on MDSCs. Therefore, we examined the effects of KRG on MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and evaluated immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities of KRG through MDSC modulation. The data show that intraperitoneal administration of KRG compromises MDSC function and induces T cell proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$, while it does not exhibit direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells and reduced MDSC accumulation. MDSCs isolated from KRG-treated mice also express significantly lower levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-10 accompanied by a decrease in nitric oxide production compared with control. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that KRG enhances T cell function by inhibiting the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and suggests that although KRG alone does not exhibit direct anti-tumor effects, the use of KRG together with conventional chemo- or immunotherapy may provide better outcomes to cancer patients through MDSC modulation.