• Title/Summary/Keyword: Chemical transformation

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Interpretation of the Chemical Transformation of Individual Asian Dust Particles Collected on the Western Coast of Korean Peninsula

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Kim, Jong-Ho;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.14-22
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    • 2012
  • This paper is focused on the comprehensive and detailed interpretation for the chemical transformation of individual Asian dust (hereafter called "AD") particles during long-range transport from source regions to receptor area. A multi-stage particle sampler was operated at a ground-based site in Taean, Korea directly exposed to the outflow of air masses from China during AD period in April 2003. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses for size-classified individual particles were carried out by a microbeam X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and a microbeam Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE), respectively. Among major characteristic elements, the elemental masses of soil derived components, sulfur, and chloride varied as a function of particle size showing the monomodal maximum with a steeply increasing at 3.3-4.7 ${\mu}m$ particle size. Although the details on chemical composition of AD particle collected on a straight line from source area to our ground-based site are needed, a large amount of Cl coexisted in and/or on AD particles suggests that AD particles collected in the present study might be actively engaged in chemical transformation by sea-salt and other Cl containing pollutants emitted from the China's domestic sources. Through the statistical analyses it was possible to classify individual AD particles into six distinct groups. The internally mixed AD particles with Cl, which has various sources (e.g., sea-salt, coal combustion origin HCl, gaseous HCl derived from the adsorption of acids to sea-salt, and Cl containing man-made particles) were thoroughly fractionated by the elemental spectra drivened by the double detector system of micro-PIXE.

Fabrication of Sn and SnO2 Nanopowders by Low-Temperature Phase Transformation Method (저온상변태법을 이용한 주석 및 산화주석 나노말의 제조)

  • Lee Kun-Jae;Joo Yeon-Jun;So Yong-Dae;Kim Nam-Hoon;Lee Jai-Sung;Choa Yong-Ho
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.13 no.1 s.54
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2006
  • Through the volume change of Sn in a low-temperature phase transformation, the Sn nanopowder with high, purity, was fabricated by an economic and eco-friendly process. The fine cracks were spontaneously generated. in, Sn ingot, which was reduced to powders in the repetition of phase transformation. The Sn nanopowder with 50 run in size was obtained by the 24th repetitions of phase transformation by low-temperature and ultrasonic treatments. Also, the $SnO_2$ powder was fabricated by the oxidation of the produced Sn powder to the ingot and milled by the ultrasonic milling method. The $SnO_2$ nanopowder of 20 nm in size was fabricated after the milling for 180 h.

Eigenenergies of 3D-Coulomb and 3D-Harmonic Oscillator Potentials from WKB Quantization: Point Canonical Transformation

  • Sun, Ho-Sung
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.85-88
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    • 2008
  • A direct application of the WKB quantization to the three-dimensional Coulomb potential does not yield the exact eigenenergies. The three-dimensional Coulomb potential is converted to a Morse potential by using the point canonical transformation. Then the WKB quantization is applied to the Morse potential to find a relationship between the eigenenergies of the Coulomb and those of the Morse potentials. From the relationship the exact eigenenergis of the Coulomb potential are determined. The same method is found to be also valid for the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. And the Langer modified WKB quantization is algebraically derived.

A Direct Transformation of Aryl Aldehydes to Benzyl Iodides Via Reductive Iodination

  • Ruso, Jayaraman Sembian;Rajendiran, Nagappan;Kumaran, Rajendran Senthil
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2014
  • A facile transformation of aryl aldehydes to benzyl iodides through one-pot reductive iodination is reported. This protocol displays remarkable functional group tolerance and the title compound was obtained in good to excellent yield.

Stereoselective Transformation of Phytosphingosine to Safingol

  • Kim, Na-Ri;Lee, Sun-Hee;Namgoong, Sung-Keon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.695-699
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    • 2009
  • A short and efficient synthesis of (2S,3S)-safingol from commercially available D-ribo-(2S,3S,4R)-phytosphingosine is described. The highlights of the synthesis are a stereoselective one-pot transformation of a diol into an epoxide under phase transfer catalytic conditions and a regioselective epoxide-opening reduction with a hydride reagent.