• 산업진흥연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2024

2015년 화학물질관리법 전면 개정에 따라 국내 유해화학물질 관리 패러다임이 사업장 단위에서 지역 단위로 변화하였다. 이에 2020년 지역화학사고대응계획이 수립되었으나 지자체마다 대응 범위와 기준에 대한 내용에서 조금씩 차이를 보이고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 각 지역내 수립된 화학사고대응계획을 비교 고찰함으로써 효과적인 화학사고 대응계획에 대한 시사점을 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 이에 공개된 자료를 기반으로 시 단위 4개 지역의 사고 대비 현황, 화학사고 대응시스템, 주민 대피 대응 및 교육훈련의 3가지 차원에서 지역별 대응계획을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 지역별 사고 대비 및 사고 대응시스템에서는 차이가 크지 않으며, 각 지역별 사업장 특성에 연계한 대비체계는 논의가 부족했다. 또한, 주민을 위한 교육 및 훈련에서 지역간 차이가 존재했다. 앞으로 각 지자체는 지역 환경 특성에 맞는 대응 조직을 구성하고, 유관 기관 협력을 통해 민첩하고 효과적인 사고 대응을 위해 전략을 구상해야 할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2013

Objective: This study inspected incident cases, legal control levels, and GHS(Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) classification results of strong acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid, which have been responsible for many recent chemical accidents. As a result, it is deemed necessary for legal control levels of these strong acids to be revised and GHS classification be managed nation-wide. Methods: This study inspected incident cases and legal control levels for strong acids such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid. The study analyzed and compared chemical information status and GHS classification results. Results: There were 76 domestic incidents involving strongly acidic hazardous materials over the five years between 2007 and 2011. They include 37 leakage incidents(46.7%) within a workplace, 30 leakage incidents(39.5%) during transportation, and nine leakage incidents(13.8%) following an explosion. The strongly acidic materials in question are defined and controlled as toxic chemicals according to the classes of Substances Requiring Preparation for Accidents, Managed Hazardous Substance, Hazardous Chemical(corrosive) as set forth under the Enforcement Decree of the Toxic Chemicals Control Act and Rules on Occupational Safety and Health Standards of Occupational Safety and Health Act. Among them, nitric acid is solely controlled as a class 6 hazardous material, oxidizing liquid, under the Hazardous Chemicals Control Act. The classification results of the EU ECHA(European Chemicals Agency) CLP(Commission Regulation(EC) No. 790/2009 of 10 August 2009, for the purposes of its adaptation to technical and scientific progress, Regulation(EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures) and NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research) are almost identical for the three chemicals, with the exception of sulfuric acid. Much of the classification information of NITE (National Institute of Technology and Evaluation) and KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, KOSHA) is the same. NIER provides 12(41.4%) out of 29 classifications, as does KOSHA.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to suggest how to re-establish criterion for toxic substances under the Chemical Control Act (CCA) in South Korea by comparing the GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals) score and toxic properties. Methods: Toxic substances were classified into seven groups (Acute toxicity (1A), Chronic toxicity (2C), Environmental hazards (3E), Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity (4AC), Chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (5CE), Acute toxicity & environmental hazards (6AE), and Acute toxicity & chronic toxicity & environmental hazards (7ACE)) according to their toxic properties. The GHS score was calculated to sum up five toxicity indicators (health acute toxicity, health repeated toxicity, carcinogenicity, health other chronic toxicity and environmental hazards). Results: The GHS score of 7ACE was higher by 7 times that of 1A. 1A is the only group which has lower than the total GHS score. The highest score was 47, for sodium chromate (CAS no. 7775-11-3), which belongs to group 7ACE. This is classified as acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, and acute and chronic environmental hazard. On the other hand, the lowest score was 2.75, which was assigned to 177 chemicals belonging to group 1A. When the health acute toxicity indicator was omitted from the toxic criterion, toxic substances could be divided into the sub-groups 'human chronic hazards group' (HCG) and 'environmental hazards group' (EG) according to their GHS score and properties. Conclusions: The proposed criterion for toxic substances is to establish sub-groups defined as HCG and EG for separate control and that the 1A group be moved to substances requiring preparation for accidents under the CCA.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2013

상동지역 중석광 광미의 품질 특성을 파악하기 위해 XRD 및 PSA를 사용하여 광물학적인 특성을 검토하였다. XRD분석 결과 상동지역 중석광 광미내에는 석영(quartz), 녹니석(chlorite), 회장석(anorthite) 그리고 코디에라이트(cordierite) 등이 함유되어 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한, 상동지역 중석광 광미의 용출 특성을 파악하기 위해 광미를 혼합한 모르터를 제작하여 KSLT의 규정에 의해 실험한 결과 폐기물 관리법 시행규칙에 제시된 유해물질 함유 기준값 보다 낮은 결과를 나타내었으며, 특히, 고루슬래그 미분말의 혼합률이 증가할수록 중금속의 농도는 감소함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: In an environment-friendly agriculture, plant extracts have been perceived as alternatives of synthetic pesticides. The Environment-friendly Agriculture Promotion Act of Korea has approved cinnamon extract as a matter for the production of commercial biopesticides. Thirteen commercial biopesticides containing cinnamon extract have been marketed locally. However, the analytical method for the quality control of these biopesticides containing cinnamon extract has not been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cartridge clean-up method for the determination of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamylalcohol and salicylaldehyde in biopesticides containing cinnamon extract was developed and validated by gas chromatography (GC). The clean-up method was optimized with HLB SPE cartridges for the bioactive substance in biopesticides containing cinnamon extract, and the eluate was analyzed by GC. The developed method was validated, and the LOQ and recovery rates of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamylalcohol and salicylaldehyde were 0.139, 0.067 and $0.062mgL^{-1}$ and 84.2, 86.5 and 82.1%, respectively. The contents of cinnamaldehyde, cinnamylalcohol and salicylaldehyde were analyzed using the developed method in the 13 commercial biopesticides. Results showed 0.06-17.37%,

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.456-463
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• 2014

Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA), published by California Dental Association in 2003, is a customized caries care system that classifies individuals' caries risk into 4 risk groups based on objective evidences and provides chemical treatments targeted for each caries risk level. However, this system was not only developed but also optimized for situation in the United States, resulting into many limitations to be used in Korea, and thus Korean CAMBRA (K-CAMBRA) that considers the clinical situation in Korea needs to be developed. K-CAMBRA includes various techniques that are newly developed in order to overcome the limitations. First, Q-ray, a new optical technology, is utilized in order to avoid the subjectivity of visual inspection during assessment of disease indicators and risk factors. Moreover, Cariview? that reflects the paradigm shift in cariology as a new form of caries assessment kit is used. In addition, considering the situation in Korea, where it is impossible to use high concentration fluoride product, Oral pack with a customized tray is added to increase the contact time of chemical substance. CAMBRA is believed to be the key clinical tool that overcomes the limitations of the paradigm of the conventional restoration-based surgical model of dentistry. Furthermore, it can be expected that Korean dentists can act as oral physicians who are able to control and care individuals' caries risk rather than operative experts who only care about the outcome of caries.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2019

연구목적: 화학물질관리법이 시행된 이후 우리나라 화학사고 연도별 발생횟수 자료와 관할기관에 접수처리된 취급자의 도급자료를 활용하여 도급신고 제도 시행 이후 화학사고 감소 기여도 영향을 통계자료로 정리하여 지역별 특성, 월별 특성, 유사 업종별 상관성, 유형별, 인명피해 등을 비교분석하였다. 연구방법: 2015부터 2018년까지 4년 동안의 화학사고 통계자료와 2003년 이후 화학사고 사례와 관련 안전정보를 제공하는 화학안전정보공유시스템(Chemical Safety Clearing-house, CSC)의 자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과 결론: 유해화학물질 취급 공정을 일시 중단하여 작업을 진행하는 기간 동안에 다수의 비숙련 작업자가 작업 현장에 투입되면서 사고 발생의 위험성이 증가한다. 도급신고를 통해 사업자는 비숙련 작업자의 취급자 교육 및 개인 보호장비 착용을 통하여 화학사고 안전관리를 강화할 필요성이 있다.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2013

본 연구는 유해화학물질관리법에 지정되어 있는 사고대비물질 중 휘발성과 화재위험성 등급이 높은 알릴클로라이드(allyl chloride, AC)와 이황화탄소(carbon disulfide, CD)에 대하여 테들라 백에서의 보존 특성을 연구하였다. 테들라 백에서의 시료 보존성을 연구하기 위하여 시료 보존성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 시료보관 온도($2^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$), 물질 농도(저농도, 고농도), 보관 시간(0시간, 48시간, 96시간, 144시간), 단일물질과 혼합물질 등의 영향인자를 비교하여 연구하였다. 테들라 백 내에서의 시료 보존율은 시간 경과에 따라 감소하였고 각 영향인자에 대한 T-검정결과 농도와 혼합형태에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 테들라 백을 사용하여 시료 채취 시 대상물질에 대한 정량적 분석정보를 제공하는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.733-738
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 여러 사업장에서 많이 사용되는 대표적 독성 물질인 염소를 누출 물질로 선정하여 화학사고 통계자료에 따라 사고 발생 빈도가 높은 여름철 기상조건을 인자로 한 대안의 시나리오와 기존의 시행방법인 연평균 기상조건을 인자로 한 대안의 시나리오 비교분석을 통해 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 2014년 1월부터 2016년 12월까지 발생한 총 296건의 화학 사고를 분석한 결과 사계절 중 여름에 가장 많은 사고가 발생하는 것으로 조사되었으며 전체 사고 발생건수의 35.81%를 차지하였다. 실제 염소를 취급하는 사업장을 대상으로 위험성 평가 결과 2016년의 경우 연평균 기상조건하에서 산출된 영향범위는 발생원으로부터 반경 712.4 m, 영향범위 내 주민 수는 20,090 명이였으며, 여름철 평균 기상조건하에서 산출된 영향범위는 발생원으로부터 반경 796.2 m, 영향범위 내 주민 수는 27,143 명으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 특정 조건하에서 현 대안의 시나리오 상의 영향범위가 포괄할 수 없는 부분이 존재함을 의미한다. 따라서 화학 물질별 특성을 고려한 Case Risk Assessment가 이루어져야 한다는 위험성 평가 제도의 발전방향을 제시한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권sup호
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• pp.7.1-7.10
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• 2015

Objectives For successful adoption of legislation controlling registration and assessment of chemical substances, it is important to obtain sufficient toxicological experimental evidence and other related information. It is also essential to obtain a sufficient number of predicted risk and toxicity results. Particularly, methods used in predicting toxicities of chemical substances during acquisition of required data, ultimately become an economic method for future dealings with new substances. Although the need for such methods is gradually increasing, the-required information about reliability and applicability range has not been systematically provided. Methods There are various representative environmental and human toxicity models based on quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). Here, we secured the 10 representative QSAR-based prediction models and its information that can make predictions about substances that are expected to be regulated. We used models that predict and confirm usability of the information expected to be collected and submitted according to the legislation. After collecting and evaluating each predictive model and relevant data, we prepared methods quantifying the scientific validity and reliability, which are essential conditions for using predictive models. Results We calculated predicted values for the models. Furthermore, we deduced and compared adequacies of the models using the Alternative non-testing method assessed for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals Substances scoring system, and deduced the applicability domains for each model. Additionally, we calculated and compared inclusion rates of substances expected to be regulated, to confirm the applicability. Conclusions We evaluated and compared the data, adequacy, and applicability of our selected QSAR-based toxicity prediction models, and included them in a database. Based on this data, we aimed to construct a system that can be used with predicted toxicity results. Furthermore, by presenting the suitability of individual predicted results, we aimed to provide a foundation that could be used in actual assessments and regulations.