• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.570-576
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• 2001

Thermophilic aerobic bacteria were applied in the degradation of industrial waste activated sludge (WAS) on a laboratory scale expreiment. The performance of digestion was estimated by measuring the reduction of total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total organic carbon (TOC). Among three strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus and three strains of Thermus species, B. stearothemophilus ATCC 31197 showed the best overall efficiency level for the degradation of industrial WAS, which was collected from a wastewater treatment plant in an oil refinery factory. Industrial WAS coul be successfully detraded in a batch digestion with ATCC 31197. The stability of the digestion process with ATCC 31197 was successfully verified by semi-continuous (fill-and-draw) digestion experiment. From the results of this study, it was shown that the thermophilic aerobic digestion process with ATCC 31197 could efficiently be applied to the degradation of industrial WAS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.7-12
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• 1998

The waste sludge is by-produced about 20-30% of total production and arised to the severe problems of this mine's surrounding environmnet. This study was invested the composition of component, particle of size of the waste sludge by Chemical Analysis, X, R, D, Particle Size Analyzer and the physical properties (air content, slump, strength, etc) of concrete when the waste sludge is added into concrete. so, It's recomended the proper content of the waste sludge to be added into concrete. and then, is verified to be applied at batch plant in field. Above the results, the recomeded content of the waste sludge is about 2-4% (about 4-8% in cement) in aggregates and when it's added the recomended content, they are detected to be more or less changed the physical properties of concrete, ( equally strength and durability, little less air con tent, little increased shinkage, etc). but the application of the recomended content don't arise the problem of the basic quality control of concrete and physical properties.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study on the incineration ash and sintering pellet from sewage sludge was carried out to evaluate the possibility of recycling in sewage sludge disposal. The samples used in this experiment were raw sewage sludge, its incineration ash, and sintering pellet. The characteristics of the three sample types were identified using X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP). The chemical compositions of all three sample types were similar in their clay component, however, the sewage sludge had a high content of organic materials. From an analysis of the mineral content of the three sample types, the conversion of their compositions was found to be relative to temperature. Accordingly, incineration ash and sintering pellet both have potential for use as a functional construction material.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2014

A new method is presented that uses guided wave techniques for sludge and blockage detection in long-range pipelines. Existing techniques have the limitations that the sludge position needs to be known a priori and the area to be inspected needs to be accessible. A novel guided wave technique has been developed that allow the sludge or blockages to be detected remotely without the need to access the specific location where the pipe is blocked, nor to open the pipe. The technique measures the reflection of guided waves by sludge that can be used to accurately locate the blocked region. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated and confirmed by experimental measurements.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.10 no.S_2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2001

The disposal of sewage sludge using landfills and ocean dumping is no longer a viable option due to land scarcity and increasingly stringent environmental control regulations. As such, various efforts have been made to develop new sewage sludge recycling technologies. This work investigates the fundamental physical and chemical characteristics of rural type sewage sludge from Chungnam province in South Korea. The average moisture content, ignition loss, elementary analysis, and average heating value of the sewage sludge samples were examined. The average moisture content of the dewatered sludge was about 80%, while the organic matter was about 50% of the total solid sludge weight. The average heating value of a sewage sludge and petroleum coke waste mixture(1:1 weight ratio) was about 5,000 ㎉/kg, thereby indicating a high potential for energy recycling.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 2013

As the regulation of total phosphorus (T-P) concentration in biologically treated sewage effluent is reduced to 0.2~2 mg/L, flocculation process is recommended to remove T-P. In this study, the performance of Ti-salt coagulant was investigated in terms of dosage and pH in removing phosphorus and the collected sludge after Ti-salt flocculation was calcined to produce titania for effective sludge recycling. The flocculation performance was carried out using two methods: sedimentation and air floatation. Both methods were feasible to apply for Ti-salt flocculation. Ti-salt flocculation was effective in reducing phosphorus concentration in sewage effluent, which showed similar performance of alum ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$). The calcined sludge was recycled to titania which is the widely used metal oxide. Titania produed from Ti-salt sludge indicated similar characteristics of commercially-available P-25 in regard to photocatalytic activity and surface area. Therefore, this can be easily adopted to titania application by replacing P-25.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1979

This experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritive value of brewery's activated sludge on the performance and nutrients utilization of egg type chicken of babcock fed the different levels of sludge. The chemical composition, content of amino acids and mineral in brewery's activated sludge were also analyzed. 3,6,9 and 12% of brewery's activated sludge were supplemented with basal ration as a substituted ingredient to soybean oil meal in experimental ration. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Chemical composition analysis 1) Brewery's activated sludge had 42.50% of crude protein on the air dried basis, and had 15,69% of crude ash, and had 2,060 kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of sludge. 2) Total amino acid content of brewery's activated sludge was 42.50% and 99% crude protein of brewery's activated sludge was a true amino acid, and brewery's activated sludge contained especially more methionine and threonine that those of soybean oil meal. 3) In case of mineral content of brewery's activated sludge, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron were plentifully included. However, calcium content in brewery's activated sludge was very low. 2. Feeding trial 1) Body gain of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge was decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 2) Diet intake of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly (p<0.05) increased as the supplementation level of sludge in ration increased. 3) Feed conversion of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was high in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, there were no significant differences between treatments. 3. Digestion trial 1) Utilization of dry matter of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was decreased as the level of sludge in ration increased. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. 2) Utilization of crude protein of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly (p<0.01) increased as the level of sludge was higher. Utilization of crude protein of control treatment and of sludge 3% treatment was higher than that of other treatments. 3) Utilization of crude ash of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. 4) Utilization of NFE of chicken fed the different levels of sludge was slightly decreased in proportion to increasing level of sludge in ration. However, no statistical differences were found out between treatments. Therefore according to this experiment, it may be concluded that brewery's activated sludge can be supplemented with chicken ration by $6{\sim}9%$.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of incinerated pulp and sewage sludge ashes for recycling and reuse were examined. Then we studied the application to the cement admixture by pozzolanic reaction. The particle size of incinerated pulp and sewage sludge ashes was distributed around $10{\sim}100{\mu}$, and the contents of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ were 45.8~51.0%, respectively. Compressive strengths of the solidified ashes were relatively higher, when the content of substituted incineration ashes was 10% and the porosity was also lower except for the case of sewage sludge ash. As results, it is shown that it may be possible to recycle incinerated pulp sludge ashes as cement admixtures.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

Paper sludges collected from three different paper mills were physico-chemically analyzed in order to use them as raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots. The sludge from a fine paper mill contained lots of inorganic pigment particles used for coating, as those from a newsprint mill and a tissue mill had not. It was clearly through XRD analysis confirmed that all sludges included calcium carbonate. The paper sludge from the tissue mill contained the greatest amount of particles, which would contribute to water absorption and nutrient storage. The sludge from the fine paper mill had the highest density due to many inorganic elements. While the ash content and the total nitrogen content were the highest in the sludge from the fine paper mill, the C/N ratio was the lowest in the fine paper mill sludge. All sludges seemed to have insufficient contents of potassium. The sludges from the newsprint mill and the tissue mill showed more silicon contents than that from the fine paper mill. It was concluded that the sludge from the fine paper mill would be able to be the most efficient raw materials for making bed soils and seedling pots and the other two sludges would be more efficient for intensive culture for crops such as rice and grain with additional supplement of nitrogen and other nutrients.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of sewage sludge compost amended soils on the growth and accumulation patterns of heavy metals in plant parts of Orchardgrass seedlings, changes in physical properties and chemical composition, and heavy metal residue in soils. Mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost and soil(loam) were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100(control), respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The physical properties and chemical compostion of soils were improved by increase in mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost. 2. The biological yield of Orchardgrass seedlings was increased with mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost. 3. The dry weight of shoot(SH) was increased with both of yield components(NT and WT) and biological yield of Orchardgrass seedlings. 4. The total nitrogen concentrations(TN) of plants was increased with quadratically up to the biological yield of 100% mixture ratio of sewage sludge compost. 5. Lead(Pb) concentration of soil in over the 60% mixture ratios of sewage sludge compost were in excess of limiting level(50ppm) of organic fertilizers.