• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.757-767
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of moisture content and particle size of sawdust on the fuel characteristics of wood pellets produced with Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica, QUM), red pine (Pinus densiflora, PID) and larch (Larix kaempferi, LAK) sawdust using a flat-die pelletizer. Prior to produce wood pellets, the sawdust was controlled to the moisture content of 8, 11, 12% and was screened to the particle size of 2 and 4 mesh. In the analysis of its chemical composition, QUM had a high ash content, and PID and LAK contained large amount of lignin. In case of the fuel characteristics, PID pellets had the lowest moisture content of pellets (P-MC), and LAR pellets was found to have the highest bilk density (BD) and durability (DU). With the increase of moisture content of sawdust (S-MC), P-MC and DU of QUM, PID and LAK pellets increased, but BD of QUM and LAK pellets decreased. When size of sawdust used for the production of wood pellets decreased, P-MC and BD of LAK pellets and BD of QUM pellets increased. Decrease of particle size contributed to the increase of DU of QUM, PID and LAK pellets. In addition, BD and DU of QUM pellets produced with 12% S-MC sawdust increased as its particle size reduced. For LAK pellets, DU was not influence by particle size in the S-MCs of 10% and 12%, but increased with the decrease of particle size in the S-MC of 8%. Based on the results and economical aspects, 10% MC and 2 mesh paricle size for QUM sawdust and 12% MC and 2 mesh particle size for PID sawdust might be optimal conditions for pellets production, and fuel characteristics of wood pellets produced by the conditions greatly exceeded the minimum requirements for the $1^{st}$-grade wood pellets of the standard designated by Korea Forest Research Institute.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.751-765
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• 1997

Periodontal disease is a bacterially causal by disease, To remove plaque and bacteria, it has been necessary to prescribe chemical drug to patient to subjugate therapeutic unvalue by mechanical scaling. As a patient on a high dosage of the antibiotics to maintain the effective concentration may produce unfavorable side effects, this decase demands the Slow-release local drug delivery system. The object of the experiment is to study on the slow-release local drug delivery effects of calcium sulfate compounded with tetracycline that mainly used in periodontal disease. Experimental groups were divided into four classes as follow: Group 1 10% tetracycline compounded modified calcium sulfate paste. Group 2 : compounded and hardened 10% tetracycline and calcium sulfate. Group 3 : compounded 10% tetracycline and calcium sulfate, used Just before hardened. Group 4 : tetracycline-ethylene vinyl acetate fiber. In the four groups, release concentration, it's durability and the period of absorption by times are observed and concluded as follow: 1. An effective concentration($4{\mu}g/ml$) remained until 5 weeks in group 1, 9 days in group 2, 7 days in group 3, 15 days in group 4. 2. It was fully fused at 11.8 days average in group 2 and 14.8 days average in group 3. . There were no statistically significant results in tetracycline concentration until a week in group 2 and 3(p<0.05) These results suggest that tetracycline loaded calcium sulfate release sufficient tetracycline and fused in $11{\sim}14$ days, so calcium sulfate is useful carrier as slow release local drug delivery system.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

In this study, the relative effects of low-chloride deicier(LCD) and two other deicing agents on the scaling of concrete were conducted in a series of tests at laboratory accordance with the ASTM C 672. The solutions concentration of deicers tested included 1, 4, 10%. Tap water was used as control. The amount of scaling was evaluated gravimetrically. As test result of deicer solution types, when applied to 4% solutions, surface scaling of concrete after 56 freeze-thaw cycles was produced significantly as about 9 times on LCD solution, as about 18 times on $CaCl_2$ solution, and as about 33 times on NaCl solution comparing with tap water. As test result of deicer solution concentrations, relatively low concentrations (of the 4% by weight) of deicer were produced more surface scaling than higher concentrations (of the 10% by weight) or lower concentrations (of the 1% by weight) of deicer. It show that the damaging concentration is of the order of 3~4% for previous research result. It appears that the mechanism of surface scaling is primarily physical rather than chemical. Also, the effect of chloride deicier types, freeze-thaw cycling, and air contents on the performance of concrete was experimentally investigated. The results show that the concrete specimens subjected to freeze-thaw cycling scaled more severely in exposure to deicing salt than those in non-exposure to deicing salt, weight losses of the specimens tested in exposure to deicing salt were twice as much as those tested in non-exposure to deicing salt. Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete specimens decreased more quickly in exposure to deicing salt than in non-exposure to deicing salt. Also, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete specimens in exposure to sodium chloride deicing salt was decreased more quickly comparing with exposure to LCD salt. It is also shown that the chloride contents according to concrete specimen depths was more largely in exposure to LCD salt. When concrete specimen is exposed to chloride deicing salts and freeze-thaw cycling, performance degradation in the entrained air concrete(AE concrete) retarded more considerably comparing with non-entrained air concrete(Non-AE concrete).