• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.237-244
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to determine the growth characteristics, dry matter and TDN yield of corn for silage (Zea mays L.), soil nitrate in infiltration water by chemical fertilizer and different manure application(C; chemical fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, T1; Lime +chemical fertilizer + chemical fertilizer, T2; swine manure + swine manure, T3; Lime + swine manure + swine manure, T4; swine manure +chemical fertilizer). The results obtained are summarizes as follows; The mean growth characteristics of T3 treatment(soil treatment: lime + base fertilizer: liquid manure + additional fertilizer: chemical fertilizer) was higher than those of other treatments. The highest yield of dry matter and TDN was obtained in T3 treatment with 18,611 and 13,746 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05), and the lowest in T1 treatment with 13,529 and 9,541 kg/ha, respectively(P<0.05). The contents of NDF and ADF were not significant different among treatments. However, NDF and ADF content among treatments were the highest with T1 treatment and the lowest with T3 treatment. $NO_3$ level of soil was hardly influenced by the different manure application treatment, and not affected during the experiment time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

This study was carried out to examine characteristics of physical and chemical current status and problems of Salix spp. communities based on growth characteristics by tree age and height of the tree species in around Namgang Dam reservoir area. Tree density in 4 survey areas was 5,284 trees/ha, but all areas need to control high tree density. Tree crown area in 4 survey areas was 9,786.4 $m^2/ha$ and crown area of Salix spp. was the most dominant among tree species in watershed of the Jinyang lake. Mean soil depth in 4 survey areas was 65.5 cm higher in the sedimental deposit soil (78 cm) than in forest soil (12.5 cm) near the watershed. Soil bulk density was also higher in the sedimental deposit soil than in forest soil because of poor porosity in the sandy sediment. Soil pH was higher in sedimental deposit soil (A, B horizon:pH 6.7) than in forest soil (A horizon:pH 5.3; B horizon:pH 5.2) because of originated from non-point source polution and detergent of domestic sewage. The results suggest that growth of Salix spp. could be poor because of low fertility with low cation exchange capacity in sedimental deposit soil.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of Pb uptake by Pinus densiflora and the Pb fraction in forest soil. We also investigated the change in soil physicochemical characteristics, microbial activity, and root exudates of Pinus densiflora in Pb-contaminated soils. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to 500 mg/kg Pb for 12 months. The metal fractions were measured using sequential extraction procedures. Additionally, factors that affect solubility (three soil enzyme activities and amino acids of root exudate compounds) were also determined. The results showed that Pb contamination significantly decreased enzyme activities due to soil characteristics. In addition, organic matter, nitrate content, and Pb concentration were time dependent. The results indicate that changes in the Pb fraction affected Pb uptake by pine trees due to an increase in the exchangeable Pb fraction. The concentrations of organic acids were higher in Pb-spiked soil than those in control soil. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid resulted in increased Pb uptake from the soil. These results suggest that pine trees can change soil properties using root exudates due to differences in the metal fraction.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment, and it has been causing various environmental problems. From this point of view, recycling of sludge appears to be the best way. The firing technology in pottery industry is applied to the sludge treatment , and the final product is called artificial soil. The effect of mixed artificial soil with upland soil was investigated through the crop growth experiment and the physical & chemical characteristics of the mixed soils were analyses. After the growth experiment , mixed soil plots contained more CEC, OM, TN, TP than upland soil plots. This result shows that the artificial soil produced form sludge can be mixed with upland soil, and crop can be increased. From the growth analysis, growth of soybean and corn in the mixed soil plots was better than that in the original upland soil plots. Heavy metals contents in the mixed soil plots were within the quality standard. This is a promising result since in most cases heavy metals are the most concern in the application of sludge product to farmland.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.60-70
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• 2005

This study was carried out to elucidate the vertical characteristics of soil properties at six planted sites of land reclaimed from the sea, in Gwangyang Bay, Jeollanam-do Province, Korea. Based on the types of planting site, the chemical properties of the vertical soil layers varied. The vertical variation was great in the planting sites $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$, but less varied in the mounded planting sites $Z_3,\;Z_5,\;and\;Z_6$. Major reasons for the vertical variation in soil chemical properties included differences in the accumulation of organic matter, soil disturbance by heavy construction equipment, and heterogeneity of soil properties between soil horizons. As soil depths increased, soil salts varied. The electrical conductivity (ECe) increased in the lower areas of planting sites $Z_1\;and\;Z_2$, and the disturbed, saline planting site $Z_3$, but decreased in the lower areas of $Z_3,\;Z_5,\;and\;Z_6$. These tendencies did not coincided with exchange cation concentrations $(Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++})$. Both total carbon (T-C) and total nitrogen (T-N) accumulated more in the lower areas of planting sites than in the higher areas, and levels were higher closer to the surface than in the soil depths. It is supposed that these tendencies are related to the accumulation of fallen leaves or other organic matter at the soil surface, and the soil chemicals then slowly move downward from the surface. Impediments to tree growth included soil hardiness, high soil salinity and exchangeable cation concentration, low soil moisture content, acidic or alkaline soil, low organic matter, heterogeneity of soil texture and establishment of soil stratification.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2015

We evaluated the effect of mixed liquid fertilizer (MLF) on growth responses of plants and soil chemical properties. A pot experiment with red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) using loam soil was conducted for 81 days in a temperature-controlled glasshouse, and four N fertilization treatments were laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates: control (C), chemical fertilizer treatment (CF), and two rates (MLF-0.5 and MLF-1.0) of MLF treatment. Soils were periodically sampled and analyzed for pH, EC(Electrical Conductivity), total N, inorganic N and total C, and some growth characteristics of red peppers were measured. During the experimental periods, the pH of MLF soils was higher than that of CF soils. Soil EC increased right after application of CF or MLF, and the intial increase persisted in CF and MLF soils at the end of experiment. Soil total-N increased right after application of CF or MLF, and this initial increase persisted only in MLF-1.0 soils. Soil inorganic N content initially increased in CF or MLF-1.0 soils, but the initial increase disappeared in 56 days after transplanting. Soil total-C was maintained higher in MLF-1.0 soils and lower in CF soils than in control soils, and the intial increase in MLF-1.0 soils finally disappeared to the level of control soils. Plant height, dry weight of plant organs (shoots, roots and fruit), and the number, diameter and length of red pepper fruits were greatest in CF plants. On the other hand, the effect of MLF-application was different depending on the rate of application. However, no consistent effect of N treatments on some major elements of the organs of red peppers was observed. The amounts of N taken up by plants were 1.3 g for CF, 0.8 g for MLF-1.0, 0.5 g for MLF-0.5 and 0.4 g for control treatments. The results of this study showed that mixed liquid fertilizer (MLF) could appropriately serve as an alternative to chemical N fertilizer in red pepper cultivation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2017

In a previous study, we assessed the feasibility of ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) as a washing agent in bench-scale in-situ soil washing to remove Pb from agricultural paddy soil. Herein is a subsequent study to evaluate variations in soil properties after $FeCl_3$ soil washing in terms of fractionation and bioavailability of Pb and chemical properties of the soil. After soil washing, the soil pH decreased from 4.8 to 2.6 and the exchangeable fractions of Pb in the soil increased from 12 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg. Variations in the Pb fractionation of the soil increased Pb bioavailability by almost three-fold; however,the base saturation decreased by 75%. The concentrations of total nitrogen and available phosphate were similar before and after soil washing. The available silicate concentration significantly increased after soil washing but was two times lower than that of soil washed with HCl, which is widely used as a washing agent. This indicates that $FeCl_3$ can be an acceptable washing agent that protects the soil clay structure. The results suggest that soil amendment, such as liming, is needed to recover soil pH, reduce mobility of Pb, and provide exchangeable bases of Ca, Mg, and K as essential elements for the healthy growth of rice plants in reused soil that has been washed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

The necessity of disinfecting playground soil is an important issue, because pathogenic protozoa, bacteria, and parasite eggs remain viable for several months and can infect children. UV irradiation has been used to decontaminate water but its effectiveness on soil is unclear. We determined the efficacy of UV radiation for inactivation of an indicator bacteria, E. coli (strain ATCC 8739), on playground soil. While 99% inactivation of E. coli in the soil was readily achieved by UV radiation within 55 min at $0.4\;mW\;cm^{-2}$, complete inactivation was not achieved, even after prolonged treatment at $4\;mW\;cm^{-2}$. This was attributed to the irregular surface of the soil. A small number of E. coli escaped the UV radiation because they were situated in indentations or under small particles on the soil surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the surface characteristics of the soil is the major limiting factor in the inactivation of E. coli by UV radiation. Thus UV treatment may not be adequate for disinfecting some soils and should be carefully evaluated before being used on playground soils.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2024

Artificial recharge systems have been employed to solve drought problems due to global climate change. Despite the increased usage, the applications of artificial recharge systems are limited by clogging problems, which reduce recharge rates. In this study, the soil texture and mineral characteristics of alluvial soil in a planned artificial recharge system area were investigated to evaluate the possibility of chemical clogging during the injection of stream water. The primary minerals contained in the clastic particles are quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and biotite, and the secondary minerals filling the pore space are illite, kaolinite and Fe-oxide. The fact that carbonate and sulfate are observed as secondary minerals in the pore space suggests that chemical clogging has not occurred by the interaction between the groundwater and surface water in the study area. Thus, monitoring soil properties, e.g., the formation and growth of secondary minerals in the pore space, is required to investigate the possibility of chemical clogging in artificial recharge systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.164-167
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• 2004

To investigate the chemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater and surface waters in contaminated sites, hydrochemical and microbial community analysis were executed. Different indigenous bacteria were observed at 4 contaminated sites and this is considered to decompose the contaminants of groundwater. The research results showed the close relationship between hydrochemistry and microbial characteristics and those are used for the information of natural attenuation and enhanced bioremediation.