• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Methods : By the questionnaire, the informations of education level, monthly income, alcohol consumption and smoking habit were obtained. Height, weight and blood Pressure(BP) were measured by a trained nurse. The level of lasting blood sugar(FBS), total cholesterol, hight-density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyne method about a group of 2888 males and 1696 females ages ever 20 who had never taken the medication for hypertension. Statistical analysis, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression, correlation analysis were peformed using SAS package program. Results : There were significant differences among age groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index(BMI), FBS, triglyceride and cholesterol except HDL-cholesterol. The risk factors associated with systolic and diastolic BP significantly in male were BMI, age, alcohol intake, but in female BMI, age. Smoking habit had a significant negative correlation with BP in both sex. In the group of mild hypertension ($\geq140\;mmHg\;or\geq90\;mmHg$ defined by JNC-VI) and hypertension ($\geq160\;mmHg\;or\;\geq95\;mmHg$ defined by WHO), the percent of diabetes $(FBS\geq140\;mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq240mg/dl)$, and hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq200\;mg/dl)$ were significantly higher compared with normal group in male and female. BMI, and alcohol consumption had a positive correlation with FBS, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Smoking had a positive correlation with cholesterol and triglyceride but negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol in male. The educational attainment had a negative correlation with BMI, FBS, total cholesterol and triglyceride in female. Conclusions : This study suggested that drinking, smoking, and BMI and lower educational level were associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, but further evaluation was needed by prospective intervention study.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.196-199
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• 2015

A 7-year-old intact female dachshund (Dog 1) and a 17-year-old intact male Yorkshire terrier (Dog 2) were presented for evaluation of mammary gland tumor and a regular checkup, respectively. Incidentally, segmental caudal vena cava aplasia was detected on CT images in both dogs. Absent postrenal segment (Dog 1) or discontinuation of caudal vena cava (Dog 2) were detected, but prerenal segment of caudal vena cava was continued to the dilated azygos vein. Segmental CVC aplasia should be considered when an abdominal vascular anomaly was evaluated with CT angiography in dogs.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 1997

The result of this paper runs as follows: 1. The theory of preclinic phase (=mibyung) was scientifically completed as one basic philosophy in "NAEKYUNG(內經)" and on influenced in the coming generations. Two principles for mibyung is to grow good energy and to avoid etiological cause. 2. So far oriental medicine has responded to already diseases, while to recognize the importance of mibyung is to convert it into preventive medicine which study and improve health. In spite of the opinion that no disease is health and no health is disease, the contrite of medical approch by the relative importance is necessary by understanding the steps of mibyung between health and disease with subdividing the steps of the occurance therefore, the scope of oriental medicine may be recognized from every disease to mibyung, that is, health. 3. Diagnosing and treating in the step of mibyung has more important meaning than suffering step because the checkup of mibyung means early examination and treatment. Mibyung can make an opportunity that improve scientific contradiction and defect of oriental medicine. However, scince the theory and practice lack the arrangement and study, much exertion and discussion is necessary.4. The diagnosis and cure in mibyung doesn't have many methods for treating, its index and standard isn't nified, and related theory is of small quantity. But the most prominent means of solution. with combination with other sciences and through the convertion into modem clinical examination, is to accomplish moderization, objectivity and indexation, etc. 5. The representive mibyungs are a hereditary disease, immune lack, mutation, early tumor, incubation of hepatitis and each infectious diseases, stress, etc. Since every science is the product of the times, it has the historical limits. As the times develop, the desire for good health is growing. Therefore we should consider above request in this times.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine health status and health behavior of adolescents by socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted for 836 adolescence respondents. Results: First, the score of health status was 3.75 and high in 12-15 ages, living together with parents and private medical insured person. The score of oral health status was 2.85 and high in 12-15 ages, employed health insured, living together with parents. Second, dental treatment need was high in female, low income and dental checkup high in 12-15 ages and high income. Influenza vaccination was high in 12-15 ages. Diet contents was good in high income, living together parents and private medical insured and having breakfast was high in male, 12-15 ages, high income, living together with parents and private medical insured person. Third, smoking experience was high in male, low income, living together with single father or mother and drinking age was high in high income family. Forth, sinusitis was high in high income and small pox was high in low income. Conclusion: There might be many differences in the health status and health behavior of adolescents by sex, age, house income, type of family, private medical insurance. Our findings suggest that the need to develop appropriate health education program for high health problem behavior and intervention strategies for socioeconomic specified groups at greater risk.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.759-770
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of implant wearers about periodontal diseases and implant management, which were closely linked to implant durability, in an effort to obtain information on the right directions for oral health education related to implant self-care and specialized care. Methods : The subjects in this study were 217 patients who wore implant and visited 14 different dental hospitals and clinics in the metropolitan area. After a questioaire survey was conducted and collected data were analyed by the statistical package SPSS 18.0. Results : As for the awareness of the subjects on the regeneration of alveolar ridge by general characteristics, there were statistically significant intergroup gaps according to the number of possessed implant, implant satisfaction and subjective gingival health status(p<0.05). Regarding their awareness of implant durability by general characteristics, there were statistically significant gaps according to the number of possessed implant and oral health education experience(p<0.05). Concerning their awareness of the cycle of regular implant checkup by general characteristics, there were statistically significant gaps according to occupation, subjective gingival health status and oral health education experience(p<0.05). Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings suggest that in order to ensure the long-term safe maintenance of implant, the way of looking at periodontal diseases and implant management should be changed. Specifically, more intensive oral health education should be provided for implant wearers to be aware of the importance of self-care and specialized care to change their oral health behavior, and clinical dental hygienists should improve their role performance to make it happen.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.887-894
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oral health education and oral health care in the implant wearers. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was conducted by 253 patients in 14 different dental hospitals and clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do from July 1 to September 30, 2012. The instrument was adapted from Kang and Lee, Yu and Shim, and Ko and Jang on the basis of the previous study. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions including general characteristics of the subjects(4 questions), oral health education(3 questions), behavior and attitude of tooth brushing(3 questions), and use of auxiliary supplies(2 questions). Results: 1. 38.3% of the patients received the dental care education for the first time. The most common education method was demonstration by dental hygienists(28.9%). 26.2% of the patients wanted to know the right toothbrushing method. 2. The best toothbrushing methods were rolling method(28.9%) and Leonard's method(28.9%). 19.4% of the patients changed the toothbrushing method after education. 22.5 percent brushed their natural teeth and implant teeth by a different maneuver. 3. The interdental brush was the most commonly used product(35.8%) and most of the patients the interdental brush once a day(36.6%). 4. There was a significant difference between the frequency of toothbrushing and method(p<0.05). 5. There was a significant difference between the separate brushing of implant and natural teeth by the frequency of toothbrushing and method of education(p<0.05). 6. Use of interdental brush had an influenced on education method(p<0.05). Conclusions: Regular dental checkup and use of interdental brush can improve the oral care for the implant wearers. Regular use of interdental brush can prolong the life span of implant tooth and keep the patients' teeth in good condition.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2014

Objectives : This study aims to improve health and the quality of life of teenagers by identifying an association between the periodontal status and oral health behaviors of Korean teenagers using 2010 Korean National Oral Health Survey data. Methods : Subjects were teenagers aged from 12 to 15 in Korean National Oral Health Survey (KNOHS). The questionnaire consisted of periodontal status, general characteristics, periodontal related factors, and oral health related behaviors. Results : Gingival bleeding was found in 56.9% of teenagers because unhealthy periodontal status and tartars were found. Those who were 15 years old had unhealthier periodontal status than those who aged 12 years old. Those who lived in rural areas tended to have worse periodontal status than those who lived in the big cities. Access to dental floss, mouth rinsing solution and regular dental checkup tended to make the healthier periodontal status. Smokers had the worse periodontal status than the nonsmokers. Conclusions : The oral health care in the teenagers aged from 12 to 15 is very important because the permanent dentition is completed in this stage. It is necessary to lay emphasis on the oral health improvement and dental caries prevention program to the teenagers.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out dental caries and periodontal disease based on oral healthcare of adults in Busan. This study will provide the preventive oral healthcare for the periodontal diseases and dental caries. Methods: The study subjects were 369 people from the regular dental health checkup in the general hospital in Busan. After receiving informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire was completed from October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct examination and toothbrushing method. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: In the morbidity of dental caries and periodontal diseases, the dental caries was most common in those having restored teeth(236 subjects, 64%), while periodontal diseases were found in mild cases of gingival inflammation in 285 subjects(77.2%), and mild cases of dental calculus in 274 subjects(73.4%). Most of the respondents replied that they did not have systemic disease or oral health related symptoms. According to toothbrushing pattern, dental caries experiences were most common in those having less frequent toothbrushing less than 3 minutes and no tongue brushing. The outbreak of dental caries was more common in 5 times than 3 to 4 times a day. Conclusions: The education of the right toothbrushing method and use of dental floss is the most important prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in the adults.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between noise awareness, hearing ability, and dental hygiene performance in dental hygienists. Methods: The subjects were 234 dental hygienists in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon. The questionnaire consisted of 3 questions of general characteristics of the subjects, 1 question of noise awareness, 3 questions of hearing ability, 5 questions of dental hygiene performance, 1 question of noise reduction necessity, and 2 questions of noise control. Noise awareness, dental hygiene performance, and noise reduction necessity were measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.825 in dental hygiene performance reliability. Results: There was a significant difference in noise recognition by age(p<0.01) and working career(p<0.05). Those who pumped up the higher TV volume accounted for 31.6% and 3.0% had hearing impairment in the regular health checkup. 3.4% of the respondents complained of hearing loss, ear fluid, and equilibrium problem diagnosed by the doctors. The relationship between the type of workplace environment and task performance showed a significant difference. Those who work in the dental hospitals had high score of 3.43, while those who work in dental clinics had 3.20(p<0.05). The increased level of noise recognition affected the task performance and it is necessary to reduce the noise level. More try must be focused on the noise exposure prevention. Conclusions: In order to reduce the problems due to noise and improve their quality of life, it is necessary to change the noise recognition in the work place.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to dental caries and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 5,149 adults over 19 years old who participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical package program. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions of independent variables and 2 kinds of dependent variables including dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct interview. The independent variables included 5 questions of general characteristics, 3 questions of health behavior, 5 questions of oral health behavior, and 4 questions of chronic diseases diagnosed by the doctors. Results: The prevalence rate of dental caries was higher in those who did not regularly work out and did not receive regular checkups including dental floss and dental brush use. The prevalence rate of periodontal diseases was higher in male adults, smokers, and those who were obese and had diabetes mellitus, poor oral health care habit without using dental floss and inter-dental brush. Conclusions: In order to prevent the dental caries in the adults, it is very important to do regular exercise and regular dental checkup. The best ways of dental caries prevention include tooth brushing after meal with use of dental floss and inter-dental brush. This study suggests that dental health promotion can be enhanced by smoking cessation, ideal body weight maintenance, timely tooth brushing after meal, and use of dental floss and inter-dental brush.