• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

Modern embedded systems are typically operated by the rechargeable batteries in our daily life. Since charge of batteries is considered as an time consuming task, there have been extensive efforts to manage the charge time from the perspective of materials, circuits, and systems. Estimation of battery charge time is one of the essential information to design the charge circuitry. A compact macro model for the constant-current and constant-voltage charge protocol was recently introduced, which gives us a quick estimation of charge time with similar shape to the famous Peukert's law for discharge time estimation. The CC-CV charging protocol is widely used for Lithium-based batteries and Lead-acid batteries. In this paper, we characterize the lead-acid battery by measurement to extract the model coefficients, which was not covered by the previous studies. By our proposed model, the key coefficient Kcc results in 1.18-1.31, which is little bit higher than that of Lithium batteries. The accuracy of our model is within the range of ${\pm}10%$ error, which is compatible with the other studies such as Peukert's law.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.873-879
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• 2016

A charge pump circuit with very short turn-on time is presented for minimizing reference spurs in CMOS PLL frequency synthesizers. In the source switching charge pump circuit, applying proper voltages to the source nodes of the current source FETs can significantly reduce the unwanted glitch at the output current while not degrading the rising time, thus resulting in low spur at the synthesizer output spectrum. A 1.1-1.6 GHz PLL synthesizer employing the proposed charge pump circuit is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS. The current consumption of the charge pump is $490{\mu}A$ from 1 V supply. Compared to the conventional charge pump, it is shown that the reference spur is improved by dB through minimizing the turn-on time. Theoretical analysis is described to show that the measured results agree well with the theory.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.710-713
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• 2003

The wall charge is major factor to determine the discharge characteristics. The minimum sustain voltage related to the wall charge decay were investigated as a function of aging time in AC plasma display panel. For the long time scale, the wall charge decay time is dependent on the aging time. The inverse time scale of the wall charge decay has the maximum value at around 3 hours aging time and then fell down.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2003

In order to analyze liquidity change according to increasing the charge of superplasticizer, we inputted charges by dividing into six steps, 0% through 1.25%; at the same time, to observe liquidity change according to the change of charge-time, we carried out the experiment applying 30-minute intervals, i.e. at beginning of mixing, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The results are below. 1) According to increasing the charge of superplasticizer, the liquidity of concrete was enhanced, however, when inputted 1.25%, a little segregation was occurred, which allowed us to make a conclusion that concrete performance would be deteriorated due to this segregation. 2) When we inputted 1.25% of superplsticizer, steady liquidity features were shown regardless of the charge-time of concrete, which allowed us to make a conclusion that this input would be the best for liquidity performance considering only liquidity features. 3) After analyzing the dynamical features of liquid concrete, the result showed that there was not significant effect on revelation of compressive strength. We concluded form this result that there was no influence on the stripping-time of a mold form. 4) When we charge superplasticizer in concrete more than 1%, we, in advance, should clearly judge the concrete performance required during constructing in site, as it were, the compressive strength or liquidity etc.; furthermore, we had better decide a charge and input-time of superplasticizer to meet the required performance.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1322-1325
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• 2009

Adaptive black band insertion improve blur phenomenon that caused by hold type issue of LCD, the approach regulate charge time by OE signal to control black inserted ratio, and the charge time be modified according the motion quantity of displaying content.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.502-509
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• 2000

In this paper in order to evaluat quantitavely the formation mechanism of space charge and its effects on the conduction characteristics in LDPE we have carried out the numerical analysis on the basis of experimental results of space charge distribution cathode field and current with time which had been simultaneously measured at applied field of 50kV/mm and room temperature. As the models for numerical analysis we employ the Richarson-Schottky theory for charge injection from electrode into LDPE and the band-tail conduction at crystalline regions and the hopping conduction by traps which mainly exist at the interface regions of crystalline-amorphous region for charge transport in LDPE. Futhermore in order to investigate the influence of physical parameters on the time characteristcs of space charge distribution and measured current we have changed the values of trap density activation energies for charge injection and transport and have analyzed their effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.501-504
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• 2001

We used time-of-flight method to analyze transport properties of charge carrier which is produced by X-ray exposure. It is the research of charge transport and specific property of trap that is performed in direct digital x-ray image receptor. But the results shows us different measurement value of electron and charge drift mobility and it is difficult to precise analysis about charge transport properties and trap mechanism. We measured transit time and drift mobility of charge carriers using time-of-flight method to evaluate the correlation of a-Se thickness change and electric field. We made a testing glass with a-Se of 400 ${\mu}m$ thickness on coming glass using thermoevaporation method and built Au electrode with 300nm, $2{\varphi}$ on both sides of a-Se, As a result of this experiment, electron and hole transit time was each $229.17{\mu}s$ and $8.73{\mu}s$ at $10V/{\mu}m$ electric field and Drift mobility was each $0.00174 cm^{2}/V{\cdot}s$, $0.04584cm^{2}/V{\cdot}s$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.501-504
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• 2001

We used time-of-flight method to analyse transport properties of charge carrier which is produced by X-ray exposure. It is the research of charge transport and specific property of trap that is performed in direct digital x-ray image receptor. But the results shows us different measurement value of electron and charge drift mobility and it is difficult to precise analysis about charge transport properties and trap mechanism. We measured transit time and drift mobility of charge carriers using time-of-fight method to evaluate the correlation of a-Se thickness change and electric field. We made a testing glass with a-Se of 470 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ thickness on corning glass using thermoevaporation method and built Au electrode with 300nm, 2$\phi$ on both sides of a-Se. As a result of this experiment, electron and hole transit time was each 229.17 $\mu$s and 8.737 $\mu$s at 10V/${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ electric field and Drift mobility was each 0.00174 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.s, 0.04584 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.s.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.9-22
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• 2018

Korea meteorological administration(KMA) has started to levy air meteorological service charge on both national and foreign carriers since 2005. The charge has grown on 2010 and 2014 twice. However, KMA has still kept asking airlines to agree with another increase in the charge due to the low cost of goods recovery ratio of 7%. The air meteorological charge has changed from 2,210 KRW at the beginning to 11,400 KRW as of June 2018. According to ARIMA intervention time series analysis, it was proven national carriers would make a payment of 831 million KRW 2018 and 1,024 million KRW 2019, showing 186.2% and 123.2% increase compared to last year respectively. The total amount of charge for both national LCC and foreign airlines was aggregated up to 1,952 million KRW 2019, 227% bigger than the charge paid at 2017. Considering the 50% increase of consumer price index last decade, the increased charge would impair the global competitiveness of national carriers. It could be suggested that current air meteorological charge scheme be improved to apply overseas trend and for national carriers to have a competitive advantage in global aviation market.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.16-24
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• 1998

Methods of Rock fragmentation are used rock of housing repair development at KU-SAN DONG area in seoul Youn-Pyong Ku. So, Theorical analyses of the effect of vibration and frequency on structural damage around old housed also discussed. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. A area(Rock area not more than 15m Ku-San Mention) Some Empirical equations were obtained $V=K\{{\frac{D}{W}}1/3\}^{-n}$ where the values for n and K are estimated to be -1.64 and 94 respectively, this values were obtained only theorical analyses. If we have 125g charge this area is impossible blasting operation, so this area must be worked by SRS(Super Rock Splitter) method. 2. B area(Rock area from 15m to 25m in a boundary line from Ku-San Mention) This area charge is about 125g in a delay time by some empirical equation s. So, this area can be blasting operations by small charge. 3. C area(Rock area from 25m to 35m in a boundary line from Ku-San Mention) This area charge is about 500g in delay time by some empirical equation s. So, this area can be blasting operations by middle charge. 4. D area(Rock area more then 35m in a boundary line from Ku-San Mention) This area charge is about 1000g in a delay time by some empirical equation s. So, this area can be blasting operations by middle charge.