• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

A steady-state controllable M/G/1 queueing model operating under the {T:Min(T,N)} policy is considered where the {T:Min(T,N)} policy is defined as the next busy period will be initiated either after T time units elapsed from the end of the previous busy period if at least one customer arrives at the system during that time period, or after T time units elapsed without a customer' arrival, the time instant when Nth customer arrives at the system or T time units elapsed with at least one customer arrives at the system whichever comes first. After deriving the necessary system characteristics including the expected number of customers in the system, the expected length of busy period and so on, the total expected cost function per unit time for the system operation is constructed to determine the optimal operating policy. To do so, the cost elements associated with such system characteristics including the customers' waiting cost in the system and the server's removal and activating cost are defined. Then, procedures to determine the optimal values of the decision variables included in the operating policy are provided based on minimizing the total expected cost function per unit time to operate the queueing system under considerations.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-130
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• 2023

The increasing cost, and demand for, household energy has increased attention to the phenomena of energy burdens. Despite this increased attention, a lack of consensus remains in pinpointing the strongest predictors, and geographic differences, that exist within the energy ecosystem. This study addresses this gap by utilizing a series of dummy variable regressions across cities, suburbs, and rural areas within Erie County, New York-a county noted to have particularly high energy burdens. Specifically, three types of predictor sets were incorporated into the methodology: a set of socioeconomic variables, physical variables, and a combination of both variable sets. The results of this study suggest that cities tend to have the highest electricity burdens. Despite the aging infrastructure in Erie County, high energy burdens were driven primarily by socioeconomic factors such as housing cost burden and poverty status. Lastly, this study explores various planning and policy implications Erie County can utilize to reduce energy burdens. In turn, this study highlights the importance of focusing policy efforts on existing social service programs to provide support to the region's neediest households.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5759-5763
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• 2012

I conducted structural model analysis which is considered the influence of "government policy and micro-enterprise manager's characteristics" on management performance through effective analysis on governmental policy for micro-enterprise funding, training and consulting support. This study results showed characteristics of micro-enterprise manager and government policy significant to management performance. In the structural model, significant independent variables are customer's accessibility, promotion availability, goods mobility, customer attractive ability, effectiveness of funding, size of supported training, and effectiveness of training and satisfaction of supported consulting size.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-141
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• 2010

Considering recent changes in care policies for children and the elderly, this study assumed that the familialistic characteristics of the welfare state in Korea might differ from those of the past. In order to explore the direction of change in familialism, this study focused on care policies for children under six and for the elderly who are sixty-five and over. Applying Leitner's four types of familialism-implicit familialism, explicit familialism, optional familialism, and de-familialism-to the study, it analyzed both familialization care policies, such as paid parental leave, homecare allowance, tax credit, and de-familialization care policies, including service provision and subsidies. The results of the study showed that care policy for children under 6 displayed the characteristics of "optional familialism," while care policy for the elderly reflected "de-familialism."

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.27-58
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• 2020

This paper intends to examine the extent of the fiscal contribution of immigrants to Korea. According to this analysis, the aim is to derive implications pertaining to the direction of Korea's immigration policy as a response to fiscal problems caused by population aging. For this purpose, a macroeconomic model is designed to measure the lifetime net fiscal contribution of immigrants in Korea by visa type, age, and other characteristics. According to this analysis, the sum of the lifetime fiscal contribution for all immigrants in Korea is negative. This implies that immigration policy reforms that increase the inflow size while maintaining the current structure of the foreign population characteristics can rather worsen Korea's fiscal problems. This finding suggests that immigration policy reform may exacerbate Korea's fiscal soundness if it simply targets the maintenance of the numerical balance of the demographic structure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.327-339
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• 2021

The ultimate aim of this study is to examine the effect of security policy characteristics (policy threat, policy effectiveness, policy compliance cost, policy compliance self-efficacy, social influence) on organizational information security policy compliance motivation based on TTAT (Technology Threat Avoidance Theory). We found the following results. First, the security policy threat has a significant positive effect on policy compliance motivation. Second, it was found that the policy effectiveness has a statistically significant effect on the compliance motivation. Third, the policy compliance cost has an influence on the policy compliance motivation. Fourth, the policy compliance self-efficacy does not have an effect on compliance motivation. Finally, social influence has a significant effect on compliance motivation.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2023

Background: The long-term care (LTC) group has higher rates of chronic disease and disability registration compared to the general older people population. There is a need to provide integrated medical services and care for LTC group. Consequently, this study aimed to identify medical usage patterns based on the ratings of LTC and the characteristics of benefits usage in the LTC group. Methods: This study employed the National Health Insurance Service Database to analyze the effects of demographic and LTC-related characteristics on medical usage from 2015 to 2019 using a repeated measures analysis. A longitudinal logit model was applied to binary data, while a linear mixed model was utilized for continuous data. Results: In the case of LTC ratings, a positive correlation was observed with overall medical usage. In terms of LTC benefit usage characteristics, a higher overall level of medical usage was found in the group using home care benefits. Detailed analysis by medical institution classification revealed a maintained correlation between care ratings and the volume of medical usage. However, medical usage by classification varied based on the characteristics of LTC benefit usage. Conclusion: This study identified a complex interaction between LTC characteristics and medical usage. Predicting the requisite medical services based on the LTC rating presented a challenge. Consequently, it becomes essential for the LTC group to continuously monitor medical and care needs, even after admission into the LTC system. To facilitate this, it is crucial to devise an LTC rating system that accurately reflects medical needs and to broaden the implementation of integrated medical-care policies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between online apparel impulse buying behavior and apparel website characteristics. The data were collected using an online survey with a structured questionnaire. To recruit participants, online surveys were collected and a total of 236 college students were used in the study. The results of factor analysis showed that website characteristics consisted of two factors (i.e., promotion, product/policy information). The results of MANOVA and multiple regression showed that the impulse purchase group evaluated the website where they bought the last apparel item significantly better in promotion and product/policy information than the non-impulse purchase group. Based on the results, H1, H2, and H3 were supported. The evaluations of the characteristics of websites where impulse purchases and non-impulse purchases of apparel products were made were significantly different.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.159-167
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• 2021

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of family ownership and family CEO on the dividend policy of family firms by using the demographic characteristics of the CEO as a moderator. Dividend policy is a decision taken by the firm in determining whether the profits earned by the firm will be distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends or will be reinvested in the company as retained earnings for future internal resources. Using samples from non-financial family firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2013-2017, 93 firms were selected based on adequate data. We also used logit regressions to provide robustness. The results show that family ownership and family CEO have a positive effect on the dividend payout ratio. This finding supports the family income hypothesis. Among CEO demographic characters, CEO age significantly strengthens the positive effect of family CEO on dividend payout ratio. While CEO tenure does not significantly strengthen the positive effect of family CEOs on dividend payout ratios. Meanwhile, leverage, ROA, and firm size significantly affect the dividend payout ratio, but firm age does not significantly affect the dividend payout ratio.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.433-451
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the type of virtual reality content production affects the interaction and immersion that is a virtual reality characteristic, and to provide the platform companies and content producers with the basic information necessary to provide the production and service of content suitable for VR characteristics. Methods: Based on the data collected in the survey, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The measurement tools used in this study were studied through three-dimensional composition, including the characteristics and interaction and immersion of content produced in 2D, 3D and 360°, which are elements of virtual reality characteristics. Results: The results of this study are as follows. Among the types of content production, content produced with 2D and 360 technologies was found to affect immersion, while content produced in 3D affected interaction. Motion sickness has been investigated to affect both immersion and interaction. Conclusion: Service-provided platform enterprises and content-making enterprises should consider content-making and providing services that suit service characteristics and purposes, taking into account the characteristics of interaction and immersion in content-making investment and service delivery.