• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.271-275
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to examine the early growth of haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus larvae from a series of reared specimens for provide information to developmental biology and more information on the aspect of aquaculture in the larvae of this species. Larvae were reared in the laboratory and sampled periodically for developmental study until 67 days after hatching. An increase in total length of fish indicated continuous growth, described by the growth expression of the type $TL=3.5374e^{0.0536X}(r^2=0.8759$, where TL is total length and X is at days after hatching) and $BW=0.0002e^{0.1858X}(r^2=0.8671$, where BW is body weight and X is at days after hatching), respectively. Pattern of body depth and pectoral fin length are instantaneous growth which expression of the type $BD=0.3545e^{0.0778X},\;r^2=0.9563$(where BD is body depth and X is at days after hatching) for body depth growth and the type $PL=0.0111e^{0.1591X},\;r^2=0.9194$(where PL is pectoral fin length and X is at days after hatching) for pectoral fin length growth. The relationship of body depth and total length expressed as $BD=0.2397X-0.5735(r^2=0.9957$, where BD is body depth and X is total length), and pectoral fin length and total length is $PL=0.1929X-1.3767(r^2=0.9882$, where PL is pectoral fin length and X is total length) pectoral fin length against body depth simultaneously recorded for juvenile haddock(PL=0.8117BD-0.9718, $r^2=0.9814$, where PL is pectoral fin length and BD is body depth). Relationship of body depth and body weight was expressed the type of $BD=-9.4734X^2+19.046X+1.3672,\;r^2=0.941$(where BD is body depth and X is body weight), and pectoral fin length and body weight expressed the type of $PL=6.379X^2+14.023X+0.3774,\;r^2=0.9494$(where PL is pectoral fin length and X is body weight). From this point view, growth characteristics of juvenile haddock in this experiment may be useful to establish a successful culture technique for rearing larval haddock.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2017

Rice quality should be considered as a primary consumer requirement. Regarding marketing, characteristics such as appearance, physicochemical properties, and palatability of brand rice are of high economic importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the optimal rice cultivars representing the commercial rice brands of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in Korea. Various rice grain quality components, grain appearance, several physicochemical properties of rice grain, and texture or palatability of cooked rice grains of ten cultivars (namely 'top quality rice') cultivated at three different locations, such as inland mountainous and southern plain areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province in 2013~2014, were evaluated, and the obtained data was analyzed. 'Hiami' showed slightly higher protein contents and lower palatability of cooked rice than the other rice cultivars. Rice production and head rice yield produced at Gumi were the highest. The protein content of milled rice produced at Andong, an inland mountainous region, was approximately 0.3% point lower than that from other locations, whereas the amylose content of milled rice was approximately 1% point higher than those from the other plain regions, Daegu and Gumi. We evaluated the texture, Glossiness value determined using a Toyo teste meter and palatability of cooked rice of ten cultivars. The hardness of cooked rice produced in Andong was slightly lower than that produced in Daegu and Gumi, and additionally, the palatability of cooked rice produced in Andong was the best, followed by that producted in Gumi and Daegu. Considering rice yield and grain quality in the major rice cultivation areas of Gyeongsangbuk-do province, the rice cultivars that may be suitable for each region could be recommended mid-late maturation: 'Younghojinmi' and 'Mipum' in Daegu, 'Daebo', 'Samgwang', Chilbo' and 'Younghojinmi' in Gumi, 'Samgwang', 'Jinsumi' and 'Sukwang' in Andong. These results obtained in this study imply that the selected cultivars with high yield and quality could be recommended with high priority to rice farmers in the regions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2017

We investigated physicochemical properties of puffed snacks with intermediate and high amylose rice varieties. The intermediate amylose rice varieties 'Sindongjin' and high amylose rice varieties newly developed for food processing, 'Dodamssal' and 'Goami4' were tested for this study. The crude fat and crude protein contents of the rice cultivars ranged 1.47-3.08% and 6.30-7.63%, respectively. The resistant starch and amylose contents of Dodamssal and Goami4 were higher than those of Sindongjin. The hardness of rice was the highest in Sindongjin and Dodamssal. Also, Hardness of puffed snacks decreased by 72.07% for Sindongjin, 88.21% for Dodamssal and 66.67% for Goami4 compared to raw rice samples. The sensory evaluation showed that the highest scores in taste, texture and overall acceptability of puffed snacks were obtained in Dodamssal. The results of this study indicate that Dodamssal was suitable varieties for puffed snacks. Also, the physicochemical properties of Dodamssal were improved by the extrusion process. Therefore Dodamssal can be used for the industrial production of puffed snacks.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.353-365
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• 2019

A near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction model was set to establish a rapid analysis system of wheat germplasm and provide statistical information on the characteristics of protein contents. The variability index value (VIV) of calibration resources was 0.80, the average protein content was 13.2%, and the content range was from 7.0% to 13.2%. After measuring the near-infrared spectra of calibration resources, the NIRS prediction model was developed through a regression analysis between protein content and spectra data, and then optimized by excluding outliers. The standard error of calibration, R², and the slope of the optimized model were 0.132, 0.997, and 1.000 respectively, and those of external validation results were 0.994, 0.191, and 1.013, respectively. Based on these results, a developed NIRS model could be applied to the rapid analysis of protein in wheat. The distribution of NIRS protein content of 6,794 resources were analyzed using a normal distribution analysis. The VIV was 0.79, the average protein was 12.1%, and the content range of resources accounting for 42.1% and 68% of the total accessions were 10-13% and 9.5-14.6%, respectively. The composition of total resources was classified into breeding line (3,128), landrace (2,705), and variety (961). The VIV in breeding line was 0.80, the protein average was 11.8%, and the contents of 68% of total resources ranged from 9.2% to 14.5%. The VIV in landrace was 0.76, the protein average was 12.1%, and the content range of resources of 68% of total accessions was 9.8-14.4%. The VIV in variety was 0.80, the protein average was 12.8%, and the accessions representing 68% of total resources ranged from 10.2% to 15.4%. These results should be helpful to the related experts of wheat breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 2019

Drought stress caused by global climate change is a serious problem for rice cultivation. Increasingly frequent abnormal weather occurrences could include severe drought, which could cause water stress to rice during the seedling stage. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of drought during the seedling period on yield and quality of rice. Drought conditions were created in a rain shelter house facility. The drought treatment was conducted at 3, 10, and 20 days after transplanting. Soil water content was measured by a soil moisture sensor during the whole growth stage. In this study, we have chosen 3 rice cultivars which are widely cultivated in Korea: 'Haedamssal' (Early maturing), 'Samkwang' (Medium maturing), and 'Saenuri' (Mid-late maturing). The decrease in yield due to drought treatment was most severe 3 days after transplanting because of the decrease in the number of effective tillers. The decrease in grain quality due to drought treatment was also most severe 3 days after transplanting because of the increased protein content and hardness of the grains. The cultivar 'Haedamssal' was the most severely damaged by water stress, resulting in about a 30% yield loss. Drought conditions diminished the early vigorous growth period and days to heading in early-maturing cultivars. The results show that drought stress affects yield components immediately after transplanting, which is a decisive factor in reducing yield and grain quality. This study can be used as basic data to calculate damage compensation for drought damage on actual rice farms.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.1-25
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• 2015

"Magical girl" is one of many popular genres that are watched in Japanese animation. The characteristics of "Magical girl" genre shows that most main heroine as the girl in young age, and this young girl play her role as a character with supernatural power. The majority in population of Japanese animation consumers were men. However, women began to become this population of Japanese animation consumers with the beginning of "Magical girl" genre, which also became a cause for the birth of "Shojo anime". The first "Shojo anime", as well as the first animation of "Magical girl" genre in Japan was , and this piece made a great hit when it was broadcasted. Since the great hit of , new pieces of animation in "Magical girl" genre has broadcasted through television continually, making other great hits also with in 1982 and< Sailor Moon> in 1992. Discussing of which, made not only a great hit in Japan, but worldwide as well, that its new season of TV series, , is broadcasted in 2014. "Magical girl" genre was loved by viewers of Japanese animation for a long time, and it is still broadcasted regularly today. In observation of pieces in "Magical girl" genre, magical girls who appear as a main character either fight for the world they live in, or take on an adventure, or take an action according to their idealistic purpose. However, the magical girls who appear in take an action not for the peace of their world, but rather for their own benefits and purposes. In , magical girls fight against the witches and their familiar spirits, which end up in a horrible conclusion. The witches who magical girls fought against were not already the witches in the beginning, but in fact were the other magical girls who took their action in the past. It Magical girls in present time were having witch hunt against the witches, who were once another magical girls in the past. Unlike traditional "Magical girl" genre, where witches and magical girls were used to be an that magical girls end up turning into witches. Witches did not exist in the beginning, but rather someone had to be one, to be hunted down in witch hunt. The cause of witch hunt did not exist in the beginning, but rather the ones had to be tagged as witches to be hunted down. Therefore, this paper is written to discuss an existence of witch in research of its historic origin of witch hunt, and on the witches appear in .

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.237-257
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• 2014

This study is the process of performing the interdisciplinary fusion study between multiple fields by identifying the status on the previous artistic education considering the brain scientific mechanism of image creativity and brain-based learning principles. In recent years, producing the educational methods of each field as the fusion study activities are emerging as the trend and thanks to such, the results of brain-based educational fusion studies are being presented for each field. It includes artistic fields such as music, art and dance. In other words, the perspective is that by understanding the operating principles of the brain while creativity and learning is taking place, when applying various principles that can develop the corresponding functions as a teaching method, it can effectively increase the artistic performance ability and creativity. Since the animation drawing should be able to intuitively recognize the elements of movement and produce the communication with the target beyond the delineative perspective of simply drawing the objects to look the same, it requires the development of systematic educational method including the methods of communication, elements of higher cognitive senses as well as the cognitive perspective of form implementation. Therefore, this study proposes a literature study results on the artistic education applied with brain-based principles in order to design the educational model considering the professional characteristics of animation drawing. Therefore, the overseas and domestic trends of the cases of brain-based artistic education were extracted and analyzed. In addition, the cases of artistic education studies applied with brain-based principles and study results from cases of drawing related education were analyzed. According to the analyzed results, the brain-based learning related to the drawing has shown a common effect of promoting the creativity and changes of positive emotion related to the observation, concentration and image expression through the training of the right brain. In addition, there was a case of overseas educational application through the brain wave training where the timing ability and artistic expression have shown an enhancement effect through the HRV training, SMR, Beta 1 and neuro feedback training that strengthens the alpha/seta wave and it was proposing that slow brain wave neuro feedback training contributes significantly in overcoming the stress and enhancing the creative artistic performance ability. The meaning of this study result is significant in the fact that it was the case that have shown the successful application of neuro feedback training in the environment of artistic live education beyond the range of laboratory but the use of the machine was shown to have limitations for being applied to the teaching methods so its significance can be found in providing the analytical foundation for applying and designing the brain-based learning principles for future animation drawing teaching methods.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

The goal of this study was to characterize the quality and physiological functionality of some traditional rice wines in Chungnam province, Korea. Non-sterilized and commercial sterilized traditional rice wines from five traditional rice wine factories of Chungnam province were collected and investigated for nutritional components, noxious compounds and physiological functionality. Ethanol content ranged from 16.1~18.3% and pH ranged from 3.27~4.76, and they also contained 0.15% to 0.55% of total acid. All traditional rice wines contained 10.15~139.9 mg% of amino nitrogen and 2.5~25.7% of total sugar. Among organic acids, lactic acid was contained 7.4~29.6 mg%, and succinic acid and propionic acid was also contained 0.2~2.7 mg% and 0.7~8.3 mg%, respectively. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity were showed 37.0~86.0% in all rice wines, however, fibrinolytic activity, antioxidant activity, SOD-like activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were low or not detected.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2000

Deodorization characteristics and removal rate of sulfur-containing odor have been investigated in the soil filter reactors packed with montmorillonites (Mont.), rice hulls(Rh.), and thickening-activated sludge(Ts.). And variation of pH and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ with the removal of malodorous sulfur compounds have been investigated together. As compared removal rate of montmorillonites between wet and dry condition for sulfur compounds through batch test, it showed that wet condition was better than dry one; removal ratio, as wet/dry, was $H_2S$ of 1.2 and $CH_3SH$ of 1.9, and decrease of pH and increase of $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentration in the wet condition also showed to be larger than in dry condition. In continuous test for biological deodorization experiment, removal rate of sulfur compounds in reactor packed with Mont., Rh. and Ts, was more than 98 %, and the variation of static pressure was maintained stably under condition of SV $150h^{-1}$, LV 4.2 mm/sec and SV $200h^{-1}$, LV 5.6 mm/sec, and in reactor packed with Mont. and Rh., $H_2S$ was 76.4 % to 87.2 % and $CH_3SH$ was 87.8 % to 93.3 % under the same condition. From above results, it ascertained that it can obtain the high deodorization efficiency by inoculating thickening-activated sludge in soil filter using montmorillonites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.590-596
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• 2012

Enhanced coagulation is best available technologies to treat NOM in water to produce clean drinking water. In this research, the comparison experiments between conventional coagulation (CC) and enhanced coagulation (EC) using 4 type coagulants i.e., ferric chloride, aluminium sulphate (alum), poly aluminium sulphate organic magnesium (PSOM) and poly aluminium chloride (PACl) were performed in terms of surrogate parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) and zeta potential variation in order to find out the most effective coagulant and conditions to fit Nakdong River water. When applied to EC process, the turbidity removal efficiency did not increased gradually compared to the CC process when adding coagulants. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of turbidity became decreased much more as coagulants were added increasingly whereas the removal efficiency of DOC, THMFP and HAAFP became increased by 13~18%, 9~18% and 9~18% respectively compared to the CC process. The characteristics of turbidity removal showed relatively high removal efficiency considering the pH variation in entire pH range when using $FeCl_3$ and PACl. Additionally, in case of alum and PSOM steady removal efficiency was shown between pH 5 and pH 8. In terms of DOC surrogate the coagulants including 4 type coagulants indicated high removal efficiency between pH 5 and pH 7. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in EC between less than 1 kDa and more than 10 kDa augmented by 11~21% and 16% respectively compared to the CC process. The removal efficiency of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic matter proved to be increased by 27~38% and 11~15% respectively. In conclusion, the most effective coagulant relating to EC for Nakdong River water was proved to be $FeCl_3$ followed by PSOM, PAC and alum in order.