• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.91-104
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of defects according to the type of block and spatial type by quantitatively examining defects occurring in block pavement in apartment complex. According to the research results, depending on the type of block, defects have occurred 1,394.3ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 464.8ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, and 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks. By space type, the defects were occurred 1,576.0ea/100㎡ on the access road paved by interlocking paver blocks and the defects were found 1,139.6ea/100㎡ in interlocking paver blocks, 235.1ea/100㎡ in shot blasted paver blocks, and 797.1ea/100㎡ in clay brick paver blocks, on the sidewalk. Also the defects are occurred 455.6ea/100㎡ on the resting space and 403.2ea/100㎡ on the gym space paved by clay brick paver blocks. Through the size analysis of the defects in the block paver, in the case 'peeling', the largest volume of 2,539.0㎣ on the sidewalk paved with shot blasted paver blocks, and 'Subsidence' occurred at the widest area of 2,096.0㎠ on the sidewalk where interlocking paver block was constructed. The difference in defect occurrence according to the type of block is considered to be influenced by the block production process, and the space type is considered to be caused the difference in the occurrence of defects according to the cause of construction and the usage pattern of residents. This study conducted a survey on defects in block and analyzed the defect characteristic according to paver material and space type. Base on this, it is judged that it can be used as an efficient basic data for material replacement, improvement, paver planning and construction in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.12
• /
• pp.6135-6142
• /
• 2012

This study is conducted to understand the different characteristic of the inner and outer spacing of Sarangche Numaru according to their geographical location conditions during its construction in 15-16th century. The results showed; first, for hill-type, the side of the Numaru that is in contact with the Sarang Madang makes a short side of Sarangche Numaru regardless of the Orientation and for flatland-type, the side of the Numaru in contact with the Sarang Madang makes a long side of Sarangche Numaru. Secondly, for hill-type, Sarang Madang is not focused as the main view, instead it supports the view of the mountains that are around however, for flatland-type, Sarang Madang is focused as the main view therefore, an inner garden is formed inside Sarang Madang. Lastly, for hill-type, Cho Shan is used as an appropriative landscape while for flatland-type, Sarang Madang is used as the main view and an inner garden is formed because of the diversification of Sarang Madang's function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation of Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat in Mt. Biseul to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics and management methods. The survey was carried out from May to July, 2011 and totally 46 vegetation data including 42 families 93 genera 108 species 16 varieties and 5 forma were collected and analyzed. Among the investigated 129 taxa, the numbers of rare plant resources were summarized as 19 taxa; The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service, the specific plants by floristic region and the endemic plants were listed as 3 taxa, 15 taxa and 4 taxa, respectively. Rhododendron mucronulatum habitat of Mt. Biseul was classified into 3 plant communities (Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community, Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community). Carex lanceolata-Rhododendron mucronulatum community was subdivided into Tripterygium regelii subunit and Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit by human interference degree. And synecology, syndynamics, synchorology of these plant communities were identified, and Site-species ordination analysis by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) reflected that human impact, soil moisture condition were main ecological factors determining the distribution pattern of classified plant communities. Therefore these plant communities correspond to quite distinctive 4 habitat types : unstable-dry type=Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens subunit, unstable-moderate type=Tripterygium regelii subunit, stable-dry type=Potentilla dickinsii-Selaginella rossii community, stable-moderate type=Carex lanceolata-Quercus mongolica community. Finally, through the vegetational diagnosis, proper management methods such as a limit on the access of visitors, planting of native woody plants after removing unwanted vines or grass were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.163-175
• /
• 2012

In spite of the ecological value of the DMZ, there have not been established guidelines for sustainable conservation and use on the DMZ and adjacent area. In this study we suggested a method about zoning the conservation and utilization area considering environmental data and the characteristic of the DMZ region, and we make the guideline for conservation of the DMZ region based on the zone. Using 10 legal protection areas, the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) and the boundaries of the DMZ region, we evaluated this region into conservation areas, management areas, and utilization areas. The results showed that as much as 91.8% of the DMZ region was evaluated as conservation areas, 6.9% as management areas, and 1.3% as utilization areas. After consultation with experts we suggested management principles, the direction, and the guideline based on the planning process considering the evaluation map. The study suggests principles and guidelines for management, and the guidelines could be a effective tool for the sustainable conservation and management strategy of DMZ region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 1992

This paper is studied on the concept of environmental cognition on accordance with the oriental(especially Buddhism) process of thinking. The Yeongiron(theroy : one of th most famous philosophy of Buddhism, the theory of cause and occasion) consists of the upgam-yeongi, the aroeyasik-yeongi, the chinyeo-yeongi and the pupkye-yeongi. And the concept of these theory are as follows: The conceptural elements of upgam-yeongi consist of sack(色), soo(受), sand(想), hand(行), sik(識). The elements connects with the western environmental psychology such as sack and objects, soo and stimuli, sand and perception, hand and cognition, sik and behavior. Similarly, aroeyasik-yeongi that consist of sangbun(相分), kyunbun(見分), chajungbun(自證分), chungjajungbun(證自證分) connects with objects, perception, cognition, behavior too. The chinyeo-yeongi divide into smase(三細) and yukchu(육추), the samse consist of mumyungupsang(無 明業相), nungyunsand(能見相), kyungyesand(境界相) and the yukchu consist of chisang(智相), sangsoksang(相續相), chipchisang(執取相), kyemyungjasang(計明字相), kiupsang(起業相), upgyegosang(業繫苦相). These elements are relates with the concept of western environmental psychology from objects to behavior too. Pupkye-yeongi represent a characteristic of objects itself rather than a process of environmental cognition. However this study has limitations that the religion and scientific methods should be compare. sack(色) : an elements of it's derivation, all kinds of material soo(受) : a function of reception, feeling sang(想) : a representation of a thought in the mind hang(行) : mental operation sik(識) : a function of judgement sangbun(相分) : the thing in itself kyunbun(見分) : a reflection in the mind chajungbun(自證分) : confirmation of kyunbun chungjajungbyn(證自證分) : self-consciousness through self-examination mumyungupsang(無明業相) : a state of mixture with the object and the subject nungyunsang(能見相) : an operation of the subject kyungyesang(境界相) : a formation of object chisang(智相) : the beginning of distinction sangsoksang(相續相) : a judgement chipchisang(執取相) : a rsponse kiupsang(起業相) : have a influence to the next behavior upgyegosang(業界苦相) : retribution

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.25-42
• /
• 1996

During the last two and a half decades, philosophical interest in the aesthetics of nature and environment has been gained momentum. One of the most coherent theories in this arena of debate has been developed over a series of articles by Allen Carlson. The purpose of this paper is to examine Carlson's theory critically and suggest an alternative aspect that remains untouched by his model. Briefly stated, Carlson's view of the appreciation of nature is that it is a matter of under standing nature under suitable scientific categories. His argument, based on the objectivist epistemology, is basically a disjunctive syllogism : a) The concept of appreciation, derived from traditional disinterestedness and Stolnitz's aesthetic attitude, provides an insight into the explanation of aesthetic appreciation of nature, and is objectivistic in the light of its object-oriented character. b) Nature must be appreciated as nature itself, and the natural environmental model is the appropriate loci of our nature appreciation. c) The paradigmatic form of our nature appreciation is order appreciation. d) There can be a correct and objective aesthetic judgment of nature, and the sources of guiding categories pertinent to it is natural science and natural history. In regarding nature as an environment and as natural, his natural environmental model is meaningful. Nevertheless, his stance results in some serious problems : a) The natural environmental model excludes certain very common appreciative responses to nature-responses of a less intellective, more visceral sort. Therefore, the arousal model with appropriate emotions might be one of our characteristic forms of nature appreciation. b) Even if we consider the scientific knowledge as an objective source of our nature appreciation, this gives rise to the question of whether the natural science can be objective or not. Is there an objectivist aesthetic appreciation of nature\ Does aesthetic appreciation of nature need to be science-based\

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for plant species abundance by stream restoration. Generally the stream plant is affected by stream gemophology. So in this study, the relationship between the vegetation abundance and stream gemophology was developed by multiple regression analysis. The stream characteristics utilized in this study were longitudinal slope, transectional slope, micro-landforms through the longitudinal direction, riparian width and geometric mean diameter and biggest diameter of bed material, and cumulated coarse and fine sand weight portion. The Pyungchang River with mountainous watershed and the Kyungan stream and the Bokha stream in the agricultural region were selected and vegetation species abundance and stream characteristics were documented from the site at 2~3km intervals from the upper stream to the lower. The Models for predicting the vegetation abundance were developed by multiple regression analysis using SPSS statistics package. The linear relationship between the dependant(species abundance) and independant(stream characteristics) variables was tested by a graphical method. Longitudinal and transectional slope had a nonlinear relationship with species abundance. In the next step, the independance between the independant variables was tested and the correlation between independant and dependant variables was tested by the Pearson bivariate correlation test. The selected independant variables were transectional slope, riparian width, and cumulated fine sand weight portion. From the multiple regression analysis, the $R^2$for the Pyungchang river, Kyungan stream, Bokga stream were 0.651, 0.512 and 0.240 respectively. The natural stream configuration in the Pyungchang river had the best result and the lower $R^2$for Kyunan and Bokha stream were due to human impact which disturbed the natural ecosystem. The lowest $R^2$for the Bokha stream was due to the shifting sandy bed. If the stream bed is fugitive, the prediction model may not be valid. Using the multiple regression models, the vegetation abundance could be predicted with stream characteristics such as, transection slope, riaparian width, cumulated fine sand weigth portion, after stream restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.32-40
• /
• 2001

The purpose of designing Haebaragi park, legally designated as children park, is to make a place for children including residents performing outdoor recreation, various social interactions, and cultural activities. Design concept for space plan have twofold; the one is a positive and creative playing space and facilities for children, escaped from a monotonous playground, and the other is a cultural and social space for neighboring communities. The site having the area of 1,316.7 square meters, located in Nowon-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu metropolitan City, is just like a vest pocket park. The adjacent area had been developed a slum area with mixed ad visually conflicting land use patterns and low income groups. The children and residents living in the area do not have any public space suitable for playing and/or rest. After analyzing such locational characteristic as accessibility, land use of the communities, and potentials for park development, and such design concept as arrangement of facilities, efficient use of site, and functional allocation of park space, We have mad a plan for composition of spaces for various activities, provision of facilities based on estimation of user-demand and activities, and planting. In the design process, we have tried to harmonize functional spaces with facilities, and to organize all the functions as a whole. To improve urbanity and aesthetic shape of park design, we have introduced a central plaza, design of a pave floor, a torrent, large trees for shade, colonnades and so on. From this design project, we can develop the site as a children park for increasing creativities and various playing opportunities, and as a resident space for rest, cultural activities. In the future, it is required that many attempt to design and develop urban small space as a park for children and residents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2002

The objective of this research was an investigation of the important green spaces in Daegu and to present the basic frame of green network in Daegu. Present the condition of the significant green spaces is as follows: In the 3km radius of the city center, the isolation and discontinuation of the green spaces was extensive, caused by crowding of houses and funeral parlours. Consequently, the isolation relaxation which leads to the additional creation of the green spaces and a buffering plan were demanded. In the transfer area of a 3∼6km radius, which is located between the city center's congested area and the suburb green spaces, the significant green spaces had high connection and buffering characteristic, but in the northwest and the south, serious discontinuation appeared between the suburb green spaces and the city conte green spaces. In the 6∼9km radius, the suburb important green spaces accomplished the function which extended the back core green spaces to the city center area. But creation of buffering green spaces was necessary in part because of proximity to the resident area. The results suggest a connection between green spaces on the base of the distribution of the important green spaces, were as follows: In the 3km radius, irregular direction lines appeared while a schedule one direction line appeared in 3∼6km and 6∼9km radius. The discontinued parts of the green network were caused by industrial complexes, house crowding, and cultivation areas. Consequently, reservation and creation plans of green spaces in response to this were demanded. Through the additional creation of green spaces in the discontinued parts, the basic frame of green network in Daegu was the radiation annular form. And it was suitable to activate the parks and the general green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.11-27
• /
• 2016

This study is a survey of the flora distributed in Seocheon tidal flat wetland protected area of nearby island (Daejuk-do, Tokki-deung, Muk-do) and Yubo-do Seocheon-gun Chuncheongnam-do, Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 231 taxa including 65 families, 167 genera, 204 species, 2 subspecies, 23 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes were 33 taxa including 15 families, 29 genera, 29 species, 3 varieties and 1 form (Chenopodium album var. stenophyllum, Cnidium japonicum, Juncus haenkei and so on). The rare plants were 4 taxa including Pseudoraphis ukishiba (VU), Belamcanda chinensis (VU), Phacelurus latifolius (LC) and Polygonum bellardii (DD). The Korean endemic plants were 2 taxa including Salix pseudolasiogyne and Forsythia koreana. In the specific plants by floristic region were 24 taxa, a degree I were 19 taxa (Rhodotypos scandens, Zanthoxylum planispinum, Cynodon dactylon and so on), 2 taxa of a degree III (Elymus mollis and Asparagus oligoclonos), 3 taxa of a degree IV (Polygonum bellardii, Wisteria floribunda and Pseudoraphis ukishiba) and degree II, V were not found. The naturalized plants were 40 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Sicyos angulatus, Lactuca scariola and so on. Naturalization rate (NR) was 17.3% of all 231 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 12.5% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. This study was performed to used as a basic data to identify the protected from plant ecosystems of type classify into analyze the vegetation characteristic of based on flora distributed in Yubu-do and nearby islands.