• 제목/요약/키워드: Character-net

검색결과 83건 처리시간 0.019초

An Analytic Case Study on the Management of an Upper-level General Hospital(2010-2012)

  • Park, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Jung-Min;Baek, Hong-Suck;Lee, Jun-Ho;Park, Sang-Sub
    • 한국임상보건과학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2014
  • Purpose. For a more efficient hospital management, this study aims to provide basic data so that the hospital management and staff in charge of hospital administration may systematically classify and collect hospital information, by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Methods. By using information about an upper-level general hospital in C Province, provided by Alio(www.alio.go.kr), a public organization information provision site, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(www.hira.or.kr) and Ministry of Health and Welfare(www.mw.go.kr), this study analyzed 3 year's data from 2010 to 2012 and provided basic data by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system, and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Results. After analyzing the ordinary characters, common-type balance sheet, common-type proft and loss statement and financial ration of this general hospital, based on the 2010 to 2012 data, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, out of all the 1,069 hospital staff, there were 272 doctors working for 24 medical departments, out of whom the majority was 33 physicians. Most of the nurses were third-class ones, and about 2,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients on average were treated per day. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the common-type balance sheet, this study discovered that intangible assets out of fixed assets accounted for 41%, the majority, out of which usable and profitable donation asset buildings were of great importance, and the liquid assets increased more in 2012 than 2011. In the financial structure, the ratio of liquid liabilities was over 50% out of all the liabilities in 2012, and the ratio of purchase payables was high as well. The ratio of fixed liabilities reached up to 40%, out of which the retirement benefit appropriation fund was quite high. The capital was over 80%, but the surplus was in a deficit state. Compared to the capital, the ratio of total liabilities was about 90%, which indicates the financial structure of this general hospital was vulnerable. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the common-type profit and loss statement, this study found out that the medical profits from inpatients were higher than profits from outpatients. The material cost was related to the medical quality of this general hospital, and it was as high as 30% out of the total costs and was about 45% of the labor cost. This general hospital showed 10% in the ratio of non-medical profits, and it seemed because of government subsidies. The ratios of medical profits and current net income were gradually changing for the better in 2012, compared to 2011. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the financial ratio, it was found that the liquidity ratio kept decreasing, from 110.7% in 2010 and 102.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2012. Besides, it was analyzed that the liquidity ratio and the net working capital ratio greatly decreased, while the quick ratio and the liquid ratio kept decreasing. Conclusions. 1. It is necessary to take the risk management into more consideration, and particularly, it is needed to differentiate and manage the levels of risk in detail. 2. By considering the fact that investments into hospital infrastructures were mostly based on liabilities, it is needed to deal with the scale of losses when evaluating risks. 3. By reflecting the character that investments into hospital infrastructures were based on liabilities, it is necessary to consider the ratio of ordinary profits as well as the ratio of operating profits to sales, and it is also important to consider sales productivity factors, such as the sales amount per a sickbed, by comparing them with other hospitals. As for limitations of this study, there may be some problems in terms of data interpretation because of the lack of information about the number of inpatients and the number of outpatients per year, which are needed for the break-even point analysis. Besides, to suggest a direction for the improvement of hospital management through analyses, non-financial factors should be reflected, such as the trend of economy, medical policies, and politic backgrounds. However, this study only focused on the common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio, so this study is actually limited to generalizing all the factors by analyzing public data only.

카자흐스탄 엘리트의 사회배경과 씨족 정치: 소주즈(Zhuz) 출신 엘리트를 중심으로 (Social Backgrounds and Clan Politics of Kazakhstan Elites: Focusing on Elites from Junior Zhuz)

  • 방일권
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.77-106
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    • 2010
  • 카자흐스탄 권력 엘리트와 씨족정치 논의의 핵심이 된 후견-수혜적 네트워크의 문제는 흔히 주즈라는 지역 및 혈통적 연결망이라는 틀을 기본으로 구성되거나 적어도 그의 상당한 영향을 받는다고 주장되어 왔다. 하지만 최근의 정치적 변화와 권력관계의 재편 과정에서 주즈 논쟁은 권력 엘리트의 부상을 설명하는데 한계가 적지 않다는 지적이 제기되고 있다. 본고는 씨족 정치 논의의 한계를 지적한 후, 핵심 권력으로 진출 면에서 상대적으로 밀려난 것으로 평가된 소주즈 출신의 엘리트에 대한 사회 배경을 중심으로 면밀한 관찰을 시도하였다. 그 결과 주즈 내부의 씨족 및 부족적 출신 배경을 권력 엘리트로 성장하는 결정적 요소라고 판단할 근거가 약함을 알 수 있었다. 카자흐스탄 엘리트 현상은 구체적인 역사 상황의 산물이다. 유목 전통 사회에서 엘리트 부상의 주요 고려점이었던 씨족적 배경은 독립 이후 현대 엘리트를 분석하는 불변의 틀이 되기 어렵다. 더욱이 2000년 이래 카자흐스탄은 신권위주의 체제의 기반이 된 대통령 영향력의 절대적 강화와 권력 내부 집단의 재편, 그리고 이들의 결정에 따라 사유화를 비롯한 경제적 변화를 경험하고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화가 권력 엘리트의 성격에 심대한 영향을 미치고 있음은 재론할 필요가 없다. 특히 전통적으로 소주즈의 비중이 컸던 경제 분야에서 씨족적 연대가 다양한 요인들과 얽히며 자신의 모습을 드러내는 현상은 카자흐스탄의 엘리트 편제는 항상 카자흐스탄의 정치 경제적 변화의 산물임을 보여준다.

벼와 잡초(雜草)의 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 종자생산(鐘子生産) 특성(特性)에 따른 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略) (Adaptation Strategy in Dry Matter and Seed Production of Rice and Weed Species)

  • 김순철
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.183-200
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    • 1989
  • 1987년(年) 국제(國際) 미작연구소(米作硏究所)(IRRI)에서 벼와 잡초(雜草)의 건물생산(乾物生産) 및 종자(鐘子) 생산특성(生産特性)을 조사(調査)하여 이들 특성(特性)이 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위해 벼 2품종(品種)과 논잡초(雜草) 7종(種)을 공시(供試)하여 시험(試驗)하였던 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 환경적응(環境適應) 전략(戰略)은 잡초(雜草)에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 대체(大體)로 종자생산(鐘子生産) 전략(戰略)이 가장 중요(重要)한 적응(適應) 전략(戰略)이었다. 방동산이 과(科) 잡초(雜草)인 바람하늘직이와 알방동산이는 높은 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability))과 낮은 상대개화(相對開花) 건물중(乾物重)(첫 개화시(開花時) 건물중(乾物重)/일생중(一生中) 최대(最大) 건물중(乾物重)${\times}$100))으로 대단(大斷)히 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였으며, 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草)인 물달개비와 여뀌바늘의 경우 높은 조형력((造形力)(Plasticity))과 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(물달개비), 또는 매우 높은 광합성(光合成) 효율(效率)(여뀌바늘)을 통(通)하여 많은 종자(種子)를 효율적(效率的)으로 생산(生産)하였고, 화본과(禾本科) 잡초(雜草)인 피 종류(種類)는 효율적(效率的)인 생장(生長)(순동화율(純同化率), 상대생장율(相對生長率))과 높은 Ratooning ability(Echinochloa glabrescens, 강피일종 및 Echinochloa colona, 돌피 일종) 또는 낮은 상대개화건물중(相對開花乾物重)(E. glabrescens)을 통(通)하여 효율적(效率的)인 종자생산(鐘子生産)을 하였다. 수확지수(收種指數)(Harvest index)는 벼에 비(比)해 잡초(雜草)가 전반적(全般的)으로 낮았고, 재생력(再生力)(Ratooning ability)은 바람하늘직이가 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 알방동산이, E. colona, E. glabrescens 순(順)이였다. 종자생산력(種子生産力)은 알방동산이(주당(株當) 약(約)279,000개(個))와 여뀌바늘(268,000개(個)/주(株)이 가장 높았고, 벼는 가장 낮은 종자생산력(種子生産力)을 보였다(1,300~6,100개(個)/주(株)). 그러나 종자(種子)무게는 종자수(種子數)와는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다(대수관계식(對數關係式)).

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