• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.1256-1259
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• 2002

In this paper, we have proposed license plate recognition system for multi-national vehicle license plate using geometric features along with hybrid and seven segment pattern vectors. In the proposed system, we suggested to find horizontal and vertical relation after going through preparation process with inputted real-time license plate image of Korea and Japan, and then to classify license plate with using characteristic and geometric information of license plates. It classifies the extracted license plate images into letters and numbers, such as local name, local number, classification character and license consecutive numbers, and recognize license plate of Korea and Japan by applying hybrid and seven segments pattern vectors to classified letter and number region. License plate extraction step of the proposed system uses width and length information along with relative rate of Korean and Japanese license plate. Moreover, it exactly segmentation by letters with using each letter and number position information within license plate region, and recognizes Korean and Japanese license plates by applying hybrid and seven segment pattern vectors, containing characteristics related to letter size and movement within segmented letter area. As the result of testing the proposed system in real experiment, it recognized regardless of external lighting conditions as well as classifying license plates by nations, Korea and Japan. We have developed a system, recognizing regardless of inputted structural character of vehicle licenses and external environment.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2011

Stupa in India divides into two: stupa in flatland temple with a character of tomb, and devotional stupa made for offering. The difference of such character is made by whether there is any Sari, and main center for worship is flatland stupa where Sari is settled. Stupa in flatland temple is targeted to that with Sari, whose character is applied into Relief-stupa. The characteristics of Relief-stupa can be divided into two: a relief with similar type of flatland stupa in the form, and a devotional relief in which drum and upper part of tower are developed. The Relief-stupa of flatland temple could be confirmed at tower gate of Sanchi tower, decoration of handrail, and the wall attached to Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda stupa. To the contrary, drum and upper wheel part in the Relief-stupa are developed in the votive stupa. Such characteristics had different features according to usage: The example of former is that there is an expression of landscape of stupa built at that time, and the example of latter is those which had similar type of stone cave temple or offering tower near stupa. Thus, the meaning is subject to the existing of Sari. Stupa building developed along with the development of Buddhist structural activity with the existing popular tradition. And its influence was expanded along with various cultures locally. And, the structure and tower reflected various types and thoughts. Stupa reflected its building site and method according to types, and was created in a new form by its usage.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.230.2-230.2
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• 2015

Nanoparticles of magnesium ferrite are used as a heterogeneous catalyst, humidity sensor, oxygen sensor and cure of local hyperthermia. These applications usually utilize the magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles. Moreover, magnetic properties of nanoferrites exhibit rather complex behavior compared to bulk ferrite. The magnetic properties of ferrites are complicated by spins at vortices, surface spins. Reports till date indicate strong dependency on the structural parameters, oxidation state of metal ions and their presence in octahedral and tetrahedral environment. Thus we have carried out investigation on magnesium ferrite nanoparticles in order to study coordination, oxidation state and structural distortion. For present work, magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using nitrates of metal ions and citric acid. Fe L-edge spectra measured for these nanoparticles shows attributes of $Fe^{3+}$ in high spin state. Moreover O K-edge spectra for these nanoparticles exhibit spectral features that arises due to unoccupied states of O 2p character hybridized with metal ions. Mg K-edge spectra shows spectral features at 1304, 1307, 1311 and 1324 eV for nanoparticles obtained after annealing at 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, and $1200^{\circ}C$. Apart from this, spectra for precursor and nanoparticles obtained at $300^{\circ}C$ exhibit a broad peak centered around 1305 eV. A shoulde rlike structure is present at 1301 eV in spectra for precursor. This feature does not appear after annealing. After annealing a small kink appear at ~1297 eV in Mg K-edge spectra for all nanoparticles. This indicates changes in local electronic structure during annealing of precursor. Observed behavior of change in local electronic structure will be discussed on the basis of existing theories.

• 복식
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• 제22권
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• pp.23-44
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to clarify the cultural characteristic of dress and adornments by examining articles on dress adornments and related items in Korean newspaper over periods historically and objectively by means of content analysis. This study attempted to at-tain a macro-cultural view by analysing to at-tain a macro-cultural view by analysing closely the cultural characteristics of dress and adornments as a micro-cultural system through culturally based model suggested by hamilton. The two-hundreds and eighty articles on dress and adornments were selected from newspapers(most by form Chosun Ilbo and partly from Maeil Shinbo) pulished between 1920 and 1990. The results were as follows: 1. The culture of dress and adornment received much attention during the 1930's and 1960's and little during 1950's. 2. Various cultural characteristics of dress and adornments appeared on and after 1960's: reporting more foreign news items showing foreign-oriented and future-oriented features showing cultural relativism. In the 1920's and 1970's the contents of news items on dress and adornments show the most common- mass- oriented character. Foreign-oriented cultural tendencies in cloth-ing were increasing during from 1960's to 1970's but the tendencies were turned to rather tradition-oriented features on and after 1980's compare with 1960's-1970's. Advisory critical articles on dress and adornments were small in number and insignificant but compare with other periods these received much atten-tion during the 1920's and 1980's. 3. Ideological components received much at-tention on and after 1920's to 1990. Techo-nological components received much attention during 1920's and little during 1960's. The social structural components received a little attention on and after 1920's-1940's and 1990. 4. News items on women's dress and adornments received much attention from the 1920's to 1960's and news items on both men's and women's dress and adorments were in-creasing and received much attention on and after the 1970's. 5. The pragmatic cultures were mostly re-lated to techonological components and evaluative-normative culture were mostly re-lated to ideological and social structural components. In the light of these results dress and adorments as a cultural sub-system comprise a dynamic inteacting system that articulated directly with the macro-cultural system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3841-3848
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• 2022

The effect of modifiers on the optical features and radiation defying ability of the Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses was examined. XRD has established the amorphous nature of the specimen. The presence of various functional/fundamental groups in the present glasses was analyzed through FTIR spectra. The physical, structural and elastic traits of the glasses were explored. The variation in the structural compactness of the glass structure according to the incorporated modifier was enlightened to describe their suitability for a better shielding media. For the examined glasses, the metallization criterion value varied in the range 0.613-0.692, indicating the non-metallic character of the glasses with possible nonlinear optical applications. The computed elastic moduli expose the Li-containing glass (BTLi:Eu) to be tightly packed and rigid, which is a requirement for a better shielding channel. Furthermore, the optical bandgap and the Urbach energy values are calculated based on the optical absorption spectra. The evaluated bonding parameters revealed the nature of the fabricated glasses covalent. In addition, we investigated the radiation attenuation attributes of the prepared Eu³⁺ ions doped multi constituent glasses using Phy-X software. We determined the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) and reported the influence of the five oxides Li₂O₃, CaO, BaO, SrO, and ZnO on the LAC values. The LAC varied between 0.433 and 0.549 cm^-1 at 0.284 MeV. The 39B₂O₃-25TeO₂-15Li₂O₃-10Na₂O-10K₂O-1Eu₂O₃ glass has a much smaller LAC than the other glasses.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.119-148
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• 2015

Generally, the liability for breach is defined as the civil liability that arises from the conduct of violation of a contract. There are two notable principles governing liability for breach that have fundamental impacts on the unified Contract Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter Chinese Contract Law) in the remedies. In China, during the drafting of the Contract Law, there was a great debate as to whether damages for breach of contract ought to follow the fault principle or to follow the strict liability principle. Ultimately the Chinese Contract Law follows the model of the CISG on this point, namely, it follows the strict liability principle (article 107) with an exemption cause of force majeure. Under Chinese Contract Law, it is interpreted as strict liability in principle. Strict Liability is a notion introduced into Chinese Contract Law from the Anglo-Saxon Law. The strict liability or no fault doctrine, on the contrary, allows a party to claim damages if the other party fails to fulfill his contractual obligations regardless of the fault of the failing party. Pursuant to the strict liability doctrine, if the performance of a contract is due, any non-performance will constitute a breach and the fault on the party in breach is irrelevant. This paper reviews problems of legal character or legal ground of contractual liability in Chinese contract law. Specifically, focusing on the interpretation of Chinese contract law sections and analysis of three cases related contractual liability in freight agency, the paper proposes some implications of structural features of Chinese contract law and international commercial transactions.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권31호
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• pp.117-152
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• 2013

<배가본드>는 요시카와 에이지의 소설 <미야모토 무사시>를 원작으로 하는 만화이다. 1998년부터 연재를 시작한 이래 단행본으로는 현재 34권까지 출간되었으며 권 평균 170만부로 누적 판매량 5400만부 이상을 기록한 대작이다. <배가본드>는 '사람을 사람답게 그린다'는 작가의 원칙에 의하여, 캐릭터의 성격을 자연스럽게 따라가는 방식으로 서사를 진행하기 때문에 매우 독특한 캐릭터라이징 특징을 보인다. 본 연구는 <배가본드>의 수많은 캐릭터들이 강렬한 개성을 갖고 있음에도 불구하고, 대척 관계의 캐릭터 구도 설정을 통해 구조적 균형을 유지하고 있다는 것에 주목했다. 이러한 캐릭터의 관계를 분석하기위해 심리검사 도구인 MBTI 성격유형론을 분석틀로 활용하였다. 먼저 MBTI의 기질적 특성으로 성격유형을 추론하고, 가장 중요하다고 여겨지는 심리기능인 인식과 판단의 조합을 기준으로 대척적 캐릭터 구도를 분석하고자 했다. 이를 통해 캐릭터에 적용된 3가지 구조를 찾을 수 있었다. (1) 중심캐릭터 무사시와 거울캐릭터 코지로의 대척성이 작품의 중심을 이룬다는 점, (2) 그들의 양육자와 멘토 역할 캐릭터의 대척관계는 무사시와 코지로의 캐릭터성을 확장한다는 점, (3) 무사시와 코지로에게 영향을 주고받는 역할로서 요시오카 일문 역시 대척적 구도로 설정되었다는 점이다. 이와 같이 <배가본드>는 대비를 이루는 캐릭터들의 쌍이, 마치 변증법적 합을 이루듯이 설정되었다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 <배가본드>에서 나타난 캐릭터 구도의 대척적 구조화 전략은, 개성 있는 수많은 캐릭터의 내면을 차별화하며 깊은 수준으로 묘사할 수 있게 했다고 여겨진다. 끝으로 비평과 흥행에서 성공한 만화와 애니메이션 분야의 작품들은 캐릭터 중심이라는 공통된 흐름을 읽을 수 있는데, 이는 소설이나 영화와는 구별되는 특성으로서 캐릭터에 대한 수요자의 관심이 상대적으로 높기 때문이라고 판단할 수 있다. 따라서 캐릭터라이징 분석 결과를 데이터베이스화하여 콘텐츠 생산 시 참고할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

The Evaluation of patients complaining of psychiatric symptoms following head injury is much affected by the results of various tests. The objecive of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of each lest by comparing the structual and fuctional brain studies. The subjects were 93 organic menial disorder in and out patients at the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry of the Kyung Hee University Hospital. After carrying out MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG, the results of each were analysed for the sesitivity and ability to detect focal lesion. The degree of inter-test correlations of lest results were also investigated. Furthermore, the characteristic features of psychological tests were studied and the relationship between each of above mentioned tests and psychological test was examined. As for the test sensitivity to diagnosis, the SPECT was the most superior followed by MRI, CT, EEG in thai order. In the case of abnormality, SPECT ranked 1st in detection of focal lesion, followed by MRI, CT in that order. In the inter-test result correlation, the correlation of SPECT-MRI was statistically significant. When mare than moderate abnormality EEG finding was reported, it correlated significantly with that of MRI findings. In the MMPI, the average scores on F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales were above 60. Abnormal SPECT group scored significantly high on the F, Pd, Pa, Sc, Ma scales and therefore in comparison ot the SPECT normal group, displayed more psychotic features. In K-WAIS, the mean full scale IQ was down to 77. 23(Verbal IQ : 78.76, Performance IQ : 77.44) but there was no characterogic significant relationship between the lowered to and abnormal SPECT, MRI, CT and EEG results. In conclusion, 1) The SPECT was mast superior in sensitivity and detection of focal lesions. In comparision with other tests, the results of SPECT correlated well with MRI had thus is thought to be very usefull testing method in the evaluation of organic mental disorder patients. 2) The MRI had relatively high sensitivity, ability to detect focal lesion and superior correlation with other test. 3) Although EEG fared less an sensitivity in comparison to other tests, the results of above moderate abnormal grade group and that of MRI correlated significantly. 4) In the MMPI highly scored in F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales and abnormal SPECT patients were shown to display more sever psychotic features. There was no significant character relationship between the lowered IQ(in K-WAIS) and abnormal findings on MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2023

본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 기후와 식생, 그리고 숲의 경관생태적 특성을 기반으로 새로운 식재경관 중심의 정원화 모형을 정립하기 위해 수행되었다. 또한 산림군집의 경관 특성을 기존의 정원 식재유형과의 통합적 접근을 통해 보다 혁신적인 숲정원 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 일차적으로 우리나라 주요 산림 식생군집을 구성하는 핵심 경관요소를 도출하고, 군집구조의 수직적인 층위와 수평적인 분포양상에 대해 우점종과 표징종 및 식별종 등 진단종과 이들의 성상 및 우점도-군집도를 분석·평가하였다. 이를 기준으로 시각적 우세요소에 따라 주 경관, 부 경관, 세부 경관으로 계층화하여 표준화된 식생경관의 구조와 형식을 개발하였다. 또한 이를 우리나라 온대중북부지역의 대표 식생군락인 낙엽활엽수림을 대상으로 미술사적인 차용의 개념과 범위를 적용하여 숲정원 모델로의 적용성을 검토하였다. 아울러 숲정원의 개념정의 및 유형화, 그리고 숲 식생의 전략적인 접근을 토대로한 통합적인 숲정원 모델을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2015

Objective : Although the L5-S1 has distinct structural features in comparison with other lumbar spine segments, not much is known about adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at the L5-S1 segment. The aim of study was to compare the incidence and character of ASD of the cephalad and L5-S1 segments after L5 floating lumbar fusion. Methods : From 2005 to 2010, 115 patients who underwent L5 floating lumber fusion were investigated. The mean follow-up period was 46.1 months. The incidence of radiological and clinical ASD of the cephalad and the L5-S1 segments was compared using survival analysis. Risk factors affecting ASD were analyzed using a log rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model. Results : Radiological ASD of the L5-S1 segment had a statistically significant higher survival rate than that of the cephalad segment (p=0.001). However, clinical ASD of the L5-S1 segment was significantly lower survival rates than that of the cephalad segment (p=0.038). Risk factor analysis showed that disc degeneration of the cephalad segment and preoperative spinal stenosis of the L5-S1 segment were risk factors. Conclusion : In L5 floating fusion, radiological ASD was more common in the cephalad segment and clinical ASD was more common in the L5-S1 segment. At the L5-S1 segment, the degree of spinal stenosis appears to be the most influential risk factor in ASD incidences, unlike the cephalad segment.