• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.345-349
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soaking in dairy products on the reduction of fishy odor in steamed crab meat using a mass spectrometer-based electronic nose. The steamed crab meat was soaked in three different dairy products (whole milk, soymilk, and yogurt) and the changes in the pattern of volatile components were analyzed by discriminant function analysis. The discriminant function first score (DF1) moved significantly from a negative position to a positive direction with an increase in soaking time. This suggested that the intensity of the fishy odor became weaker as soaking time increased. The effect of whole milk on the reduction of fishy odor was better than that of yogurt. The results of this study demonstrate that off-flavors can be reduced using dairy products.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.224-231
• /
• 2016

Severe dental attrition causes pathological changes of the tooth, imbalanced occlusion, and functional and aesthetic complications and can also result in a decrease in occlusal vertical dimension that can incur temporomandibular joint and muscular complications. Before restoring the vertical dimension with full-mouth prosthetic restorations, it is important to determine the amount of vertical lifting through complete diagnosis. In this study, a 59 year-old male patient with generalized attrition and fracture of teeth was treated with full-mouth zirconia prosthetic restoration in order to recover vertical dimension and aesthetics. Through the analysis of physiologic rest position and inter-canine distance, the treatment was planned for lifting 3 mm in vertical dimension. Interim crown were fabricated after full-mouth wax up, having the patient use for 6 months. The final monolithic and bilayered zirconia restorations were completed. The patient showed satisfaction in function and aesthetics for 18 months of follow-up since delivering the final restorations.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 2010

Coastal lagoons(Ssangho, Gapyeongri wetland, Gunggaeho and Yeomgaeho) distribute densely around Osan-ri, Yangyang-gun. While Ssangho with the representative lagoon group in the East Coast has maintained the lagoon conditions of water surface since it was formed during the Climax of transgression, the others were formed at the swale areas of sand beach. They vary considerably in area reduction rates and position variations during the 20th century, and the causes examined can be divided into natural, human and other factors. They result in the lagoon aggradation stage by geomorphic development, reclamation due to rapid industrialization and urban development during the 20th century, and lacks of understanding on values of small coastal lagoon or errors in mapping and lags of survey techniques. Therefore, the plans for lagoon restorations should be proceeded by the individual properties of lagoons. The restorations of Ssangho are recommended preferentially and it is desirable to restore to the lagoon conditions of 1920s when the influences of human were minimum.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2022

The turnout system of the sleeper floating tracks (STEDEF) on urban transit is a Anti-vibration track composed of a wooden sleeper embedded in a concrete bed and a sleeper resilience pad under the sleeper. Therefore, deterioration and changes in spring stiffness of the sleeper resilience pad could be cause changes in sleeper support conditions. The damage amount of manganese crossings that occurred during the current service period of about 21 years was investigated to be about 17% of the total amount of crossings, and it was analyzed that the damage amount increased after 15 years of use (accumulated passing tonnage of about 550 million tons). In this study, parameter analysis (wheel position, sleeper support condition, and dynamic wheel load) was performed using a three-dimensional numerical model that simulated real manganese crossing and wheel profile, to analyze the damage type and cause of manganese crossing that occurred in the actual field. As a result of this study, when the voided sleeper occurred in the sleeper around the nose, the stress generated in the crossing nose exceeded the yield strength according to the dynamic wheel load considering the design track impact factor. In addition, the analysis results were evaluated to be in good agreement with the location of damage that occurred in the actual field. Therefore, in order to minimize the damage of the manganese crossing, it is necessary to keep the sleeper support condition around the nose part constant. In addition, by considering the uniformity of the boundary conditions under the sleepers, it was analyzed that it would be advantageous to to replace the sleeper resilience pad together when replacing the damaged manganese crossing.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.465-471
• /
• 2005

Ofloxacin has antimycobacterial activity that possibly contributes a pivotal role in the second-line drug regimens that are used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. However, in some communities, the resistance rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to this agent is surging. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method that can be used to determine the resistance of M tuberculosis to the ofloxacin can be very useful for effective treatment of the patients. As an effort to develop such a method, this study was set up to reveal general types of mutations that are related to ofloxacin resistance of M tuberculosis. From previous studies, it has been well known that ofloxacin resistance is associated with mutations in a gene encoding the gyrase A subunit protein. In this study, we obtained 43 ofloxacin-resistant and 50 ofloxacin-susceptible M tuberculosis clinical isolates from Masan National TB Hospital, and sequences of DNA fragment of 320 bp, region of gyrA corresponding to the ofloxacin resistance-determining region were analyzed. In brief, the results showed that a total of seven mutation types were found at gyrA. Theses mutations were all clustered within nucleotides 2574 to 2586 of the gyrA gene (codons 88 to 94). Codon 94 was the most frequently substituted site. Twenty-four of the 43 isolates had mutations at this position resulting in a total of five different types of amino acid changes $(Asp{\to}Ala,\;Asp{\to}Gly,\;Asp{\to}His,\;Asp{\to}Tyr,\;and\;Asp{\to}Asn)$. Five isolates contained a mutation at codon 90 resulting $Ala{\to}Val$ change. Four isolates had mutations at codon 91 causing a $Ser{\to}Pro$ change at this site. Two isolates contained a mutation at codon 88 and each of them resulted in different types of amino acid changes $(Gly{\to}Cys,\;Gly{\to}Ala)$. On the other hand, polymorphic site at codon 95 was found in both ofloxacin-resistant and ofloxacin-susceptible isolates. From these results, we concluded that the rate of mutations present in gyrA among ofloxacin-resistant M. tuberculosis in Korea is similar to the general rates of mutations found throughout the world. Subsequently, an oligonucleotide probe was designed based on the results of sequence analysis and was used to develop a dot blot hybridization assay system to determine ofloxacin-resistance of M tuberculosis. To evaluate this probe, dot-blot hybridization was carried out using other 57 clinical isolates, and the results showed that the dot-blot hybridization assay is good for detecting sequence alterations atgyrA gene.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.177-192
• /
• 2016

Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence. It refers to an area of computer science related to providing machines the ability to perform their own data analysis, decision making and forecasting. For example, one of the representative machine learning models is artificial neural network, which is a statistical learning algorithm inspired by the neural network structure of biology. In addition, there are other machine learning models such as decision tree model, naive bayes model and SVM(support vector machine) model. Among the machine learning models, we use SVM model in this study because it is mainly used for classification and regression analysis that fits well to our study. The core principle of SVM is to find a reasonable hyperplane that distinguishes different group in the data space. Given information about the data in any two groups, the SVM model judges to which group the new data belongs based on the hyperplane obtained from the given data set. Thus, the more the amount of meaningful data, the better the machine learning ability. In recent years, many financial experts have focused on machine learning, seeing the possibility of combining with machine learning and the financial field where vast amounts of financial data exist. Machine learning techniques have been proved to be powerful in describing the non-stationary and chaotic stock price dynamics. A lot of researches have been successfully conducted on forecasting of stock prices using machine learning algorithms. Recently, financial companies have begun to provide Robo-Advisor service, a compound word of Robot and Advisor, which can perform various financial tasks through advanced algorithms using rapidly changing huge amount of data. Robo-Adviser's main task is to advise the investors about the investor's personal investment propensity and to provide the service to manage the portfolio automatically. In this study, we propose a method of forecasting the Korean volatility index, VKOSPI, using the SVM model, which is one of the machine learning methods, and applying it to real option trading to increase the trading performance. VKOSPI is a measure of the future volatility of the KOSPI 200 index based on KOSPI 200 index option prices. VKOSPI is similar to the VIX index, which is based on S&P 500 option price in the United States. The Korea Exchange(KRX) calculates and announce the real-time VKOSPI index. VKOSPI is the same as the usual volatility and affects the option prices. The direction of VKOSPI and option prices show positive relation regardless of the option type (call and put options with various striking prices). If the volatility increases, all of the call and put option premium increases because the probability of the option's exercise possibility increases. The investor can know the rising value of the option price with respect to the volatility rising value in real time through Vega, a Black-Scholes's measurement index of an option's sensitivity to changes in the volatility. Therefore, accurate forecasting of VKOSPI movements is one of the important factors that can generate profit in option trading. In this study, we verified through real option data that the accurate forecast of VKOSPI is able to make a big profit in real option trading. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the idea of predicting the direction of VKOSPI based on machine learning and introducing the idea of applying it to actual option trading. In this study predicted daily VKOSPI changes through SVM model and then made intraday option strangle position, which gives profit as option prices reduce, only when VKOSPI is expected to decline during daytime. We analyzed the results and tested whether it is applicable to real option trading based on SVM's prediction. The results showed the prediction accuracy of VKOSPI was 57.83% on average, and the number of position entry times was 43.2 times, which is less than half of the benchmark (100 times). A small number of trading is an indicator of trading efficiency. In addition, the experiment proved that the trading performance was significantly higher than the benchmark.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2008

Purpose: To monitor the changes of location of prostate gland using DIPS and to examine the adjustment and proton beam therapy depending on the movement of prostate gland in proton beam therapy for prostate gland in which a fiducial gold marker was inserted. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in ten patients with prostate cancer who received proton beam therapy since April of 2008. To monitor the change of prostate location, three fiducial gold markers were inserted prior to the treatment. To minimize the movement of prostate gland, patients were recommended to urinate prior to the treatment, to intake a certain amount of water and to concomitantly undergo rectal balloon. In these patients, the set-up position was identical to that for a CT-simulation. The PA (posterior-anterior) and lateral images were obtained using both DIPS (digital image positioning system) and a plain radiography, and they were compared between the two imaging modalities. Thus, the changes of the location of fiducial gold marker were assessed based on three coordinates (x, y, z) and then adjusted. This was followed by proton beam therapy. Results: Images which were taken using a plain radiography were compared with those which were taken using DIPS. In ten patients, according to a reference bony marker, the mean changes of the location of fiducial gold marker based on an iso-center were X-axis: $\pm$0.116 cm, Y-axis: $\pm$0.19 cm and Z-axis: $\pm$0.176 cm. These ten patients showed a difference in the changes of location of prostate gland and it ranged between RT: 0.04 cm and RT: 0.24 cm on the X-axis; between Inf: 0.03 cm and Sup: 0.42 cm on the Y-axis; and Post: 0.05 cm and Ant: 0.35 cm on the Z-axis. Conclusion: To minimize the movement of prostate gland, as the pre-treatment prior to the treatment. In all the patients, however, three fiducial gold markers showed a daily variation which were inserted in the prostate gland. Based on the above data, Thus, the requirement of gold marker matching system depending on the daily variation in the proton beam therapy for which more accurate establishment of target was confirmed. It is assumed that an accurate effect of proton beam therapy would be enhanced by adjusting the target-center depending on the location change of prostate gland using DIPS which was used in the current study.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.55
• /
• pp.115-145
• /
• 2014

In this paper, the transition of the status of Chinese novels and the change of the knowledge field in the modern times from the end of 19th century to the early 20th century, the transition period between the tradition and the modern times, have been investigated based on Liang Qichao's assertion of the Revolution of the Novel World. How the traditional novels have been evaluated, how modern novels enlightened a people and changed the political society, and what role novels acted in the change of the knowledge field are investigated. Especially I looked into the accumulations of knowledge and changes inside China which were overlooked in the previous researches which focused on the inflow of the Western culture and its impact on Chinese culture. Firstly the evaluation and classification of the traditional novels are considered. Because the transition of the status of novels and the classification method of the catalog of books are tightly coupled with the change of academic ideologies. Later I tried to understand novels as a way of thinking the modern times with a discussion on the changes of modern knowledge society and the consideration of Liang Qichao's Revolution of the Novel World in the two viewpoints, i.e. the relationship between novels and political society, and novels and the style of writing. Liang Qichao raised novels to the topmost position of literature. He pushed the traditional poetry off the top position and replaced it with popular novels. As the outside impact of Western culture made Chinese novels a tool for enlightening the ignorant people and the medium of propagating the knowledge, the status of novels was elevated to the highest level which novels had never reached in the past. With the limitation that the valuation was not based on the aesthetic appreciation of art but based on the value for politics and society, novel was a discourse of life and death to save the country and a container of knowledge to rebuild the people's mind and convert the crisis of the national ruin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2003

Single and 28-day repeated dose toxicity studies of botulimnn toxin type A were carried out in ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. In the single dose toxicity study, botulinwn toxin was injected intraperitoneally to male and female mice at a single dose of 40, 59, 89 133 and 200 ng/10 ml saline/kg. All animals died from 59 ng/kg group. Some clinical signs, such as decrease in locomotor activity, dyspnea, prone position and ptosis, were observed in most of both sexes from 59 ng/kg group, but no signs were seen in all animals at 40 ng/kg group. The results showed that the median lethal dose of botulinum toxin might be in the range of 40-59 ng/kg in both sexes. In the repeated dose toxicity study, the test material was administered intradermally for 28 days at doses of 0 (vehicle-treated control), 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and $10.0ng/head/50{\mu}{\ell}$ saline in male and female rats. No test material-related changes were noted in survivals, clinical signs, food and water consumptions and gross finding in any group. Botulinum toxin treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain rate in male of 5.0 ng/head group and over and in female of 10.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control. One or more relative organ weights (i.e., spleen, thymus, liver and kidney) were increased significantly from 5.0 ng/head group compared to vehicle-treated control in both sexes. Serum biochemistry revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase, total protein and albumin in male, and increases in AST and ALT and decreases in $K^+$ and $Cl^-$ in female without dose-pendent manners. In the histopathological study, physical stimulation by needle caused slight inflammations of dennis. In addition, botulinum toxin treatment induced denervation of nerve cell and disuse of muscle, resulting in atrophy of skeletal muscle in both sexes from 2.5 ng/head group. When the antibodies to toxin were determined in all animals, a significant increase in serum antibodies was observed from 5.0 ng/head group. The results showed that the NOAEL of botulinum toxin might be 1.25 ng/head for 28-day repeated dose toxicity in rats.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.30 no.1 s.78
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to find out the effect of projection errors on cephalometric linear and angular measurements according to head rotation during taking lateral cephalometric radiographs. Seventeen skulls with permanent dentition and no gross asymmetry were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Chosun University. Total 527 x-ray films were taken with $1^{\circ}$ interval from the reference position($0^{\circ}$) to ${\pm}15^{\circ}$ around the vertical axis (Z axis) which is perpendicular to the midpoint of the line connecting the center of two ear rods in submento-vertex direction. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t-test if there were statistically significant differences between the mean of the reference position($0^{\circ}$) and that of each rotation angle. The following results were obtained. 1. The projection errors of angular measurements were smaller than those of linear measurements. 2. The projection errors of angular measurements including midline landmarks were smaller than those including bilateral landmarks. 3. The horizontal linear measurements were gradually decreased when the stroll was rotated toward the film, but slightly increased and then decreased when the skull was rotated toward the focal spot. However, the changes were smaller in focal direction. 4. The projection errors of horizontal linear measurements were larger than those of vertical linear measurements. 5. The projection errors of vertical linear measurements were increased with increased distance from the rotation axis to vertical measurements. It is concluded that the use of angular measurements rather than linear measurements is recommended to minimize the projection errors.