• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.69-93
• /
• 2017

ICT는 제조기반 산업사회에서 가치사슬의 효율성/효과성의 지원을 목적으로 도입되었으나 정보기반 산업사회에서는 ICT가 시장 가치 창출의 주체가 되어 다중 가치사슬의 형성 가능성을 기대하게 하였다. 즉, ICT의 발전은 공급 및 수요의 다변화와 다양성의 동인이 되면서 가치를 창출하기 시작했고, 이를 중심으로 하는 신 가치 사슬의 등장은 구 가치사슬과의 충돌의 문제를 야기하였다. 즉, 다중 가치사슬이 존재 가능한 플랫폼에서는 가치사슬 간의 충돌, 중첩, 생성, 상실 등의 동적 상황 등에 따른 신/구 가치의 창출과 소멸 등이 발생하게 된다. 예를 들어, ICT에 기반을 둔 우버택시 서비스는 신 가치사슬을 형성하여 택시서비스 시장에서 신/구 가치사슬간의 충돌을 야기했다. 제조기반 산업사회에서는 단일 가치사슬의 시장 선점이 중요하였으나, ICT 기반 융합 제품/서비스/정보가 유통되는 플랫폼에서는 시장 상황 변수의 동적 변화에 따라 다중의 가치사슬이 존재하면서 서로 충돌과 공존을 야기하게 되었다. 따라서 ICT에 기반을 둔 지능형 정보사회의 발전과 함께 시장가치 최대화를 위해 다중 가치사슬 간 충돌 최소화와 공존의 최대 가능성을 높일 수 있는 모형의 제시가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 의료서비스 시장을 중심으로 하는 다중 가치사슬의 동적 플랫폼 형성에 대해 논의한다. 즉, 의료서비스 시장에 ICT 기반 원격 및 지능형 의료서비스 등이 구 시장에 진입함으로써 발생하는 가치사슬 간의 충돌을 최소화하고 공존 가능성을 높이기 위한 공존 요인 변수에 대해 논의 한다. 이를 위해 다중의 공급과 소비 및 서비스가 존재 가능한 다중 가치사슬이 충돌 및 중첩하는 과정에서 공존 요인 변수 등에 기반하여 가치 사슬들을 동적으로 생성/변화/소멸 및 공존하기까지 의료서비스 플랫폼에 대해 논의한다. 또한 플랫폼 내의 각 가치사슬의 생산가치의 증가와 가치사슬 간의 상호 작용에 의한 부가가치의 창출 등에 의해 플랫폼의 총 가치가 증가 될 수 있음을 논의한다. 마지막으로 공존 모형을 제안하고 실험을 통해 가치사슬 간의 공존 가능성을 제시한다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2019

온라인 소비자는 쇼핑 웹사이트에서 특정 제품군이나 브랜드에 속한 제품들을 둘러보고 구매를 진행할 수 있고, 혹은 단순히 넓은 범위의 탐색 반경을 보이며 여러 페이지들을 돌아보다 구매를 진행하지 않고 이탈할 수 있다. 이러한 온라인 소비자의 행동과 구매에 관련된 연구는 꾸준히 진행되어왔으며, 실무에서도 소비자들의 행동 데이터를 바탕으로 한 서비스 및 어플리케이션이 개발되고 있다. 최근에는 빅데이터 기술의 발달로 소비자 개인 단위의 맞춤화 전략 및 추천 시스템이 활용되고 있으며 사용자의 쇼핑 경험을 최적화하기 위한 시도가 진행되고 있다. 하지만 이와 같은 시도에도 온라인 소비자가 실제로 웹사이트를 방문해 제품 구매 단계까지 전환될 확률은 매우 낮은 실정이다. 이는 온라인 소비자들이 단지 제품 구매를 위해 웹사이트를 방문하는 것이 아니라 그들의 쇼핑 동기 및 목적에 따라 웹사이트를 다르게 활용하고 탐색하기 때문이다. 따라서 단지 구매가 진행되는 방문 외에도 다양한 방문 형태를 분석하는 것은 온라인 소비자들의 행동을 이해하는데 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 온라인 소비자의 탐색 행동의 다양성과 복잡성을 설명하기 위해 실제 E-commerce 기업의 클릭스트림 데이터를 기반으로 세션 단위의 클러스터링 분석을 진행해 탐색 행동을 유형화하였다. 이를 통해 각 유형별로 상세 단위의 탐색 행동과 구매 여부가 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 소비자 개인이 여러 방문에 걸친 일련의 탐색 유형에 대한 패턴을 분석하기 위해 순차 패턴 마이닝 기법을 활용하였으며, 같은 기간 내에 제품 구매까지 완료한 소비자와 구매를 진행하지 않은 채 방문만 진행한 소비자들의 탐색패턴에 대한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 대규모의 클릭스트림 데이터를 활용해 온라인 소비자의 탐색 유형을 분석하고 이에 대한 패턴을 분석해 구매 과정 상의 행동을 데이터 기반으로 설명하였다는 점에 있다. 또한 온라인 소매 기업은 다양한 형태의 탐색 유형에 맞는 마케팅 전략 및 추천을 통해 구매 전환 개선을 시도할 수 있으며, 소비자의 탐색 패턴의 변화를 통해 전략의 효과를 평가할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1993

겉뿌림 산지초지의 조성, 수량, 식생 및 목초품종등에 미치는 3요소(N-$P_{2}O_{5}$-$K_2$O: 0-0-0; 0-10-10; 6-15-15; 12-20-20; 24-25-20 kg/10a/year)와 소석회(0, 250kg/10g; 조성시만 시용)의 시용효과를 구명하는 10년간 시험후, 별도로 토심별 토양의 화학성(I보; pH, OM, T-N, 유효 $P_{2}O_{5}$, $P_{2}O_{5}$ 흡수계수, 석회소요량. II보: 치환성 Ca, Mg, K, Na 및 CEC, 염기포화도, 토양보존)을 조사하여 검토하였다. 1. 표상(0~15cm)의 pH가는 석회시용에도 불구하고 시험전 pH 5.12보다 약 01~0.3 정도 낮았다. 석회시용구는 4.90, 석회무시용구는 4.68로 그 차이가 경미하였으며, 3요소 시용수준이 증가할수록 pH 가는 더 낮아졌으며, 이러한 특성은 표토 상부층(0.0~7.5cm)이 더 뚜렷하였고 토심이 깊을수록 미약하였다. 전처리구 모두 매우 강한 산성(초지등급에서 불량 수준)을 보여 석회추비가 절대 필요하였다. 석회소요량은 석회 무시용구 및 3요소 시용수준이 높을수록 많았으며, 일반적으로 토심이 깊을수록 더 높았다. 2. 유기물 및 T-N 함량은 전처리구 모두 산지의 초지조성전보다 높았으며, 석회시용구가 무시용구보다 높았다. 반면에 3요소 시용수준간에는 일관성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 각 처리구는 토심과 이들 함량간에는 반비례하는 경향을 보였다. 3. 유효인산의 함량은 인산시용량이 증가할수록 많아졌다. 특히 표토 상부층에 크게 집적되었으며, 토심이 깊을수록 집적량이 크게 낮아졌다. 표토 상부층(0.0~7.5cm)이 표토하부층(7.5~15.0cm)보다 약2배 높은 함량을 보였다. 표토 상부층에서 인산의 고집적량은 연간 10kg $P_{2}O_{5}$ 10a 시용수준에서는 351ppm, 25kg 시용수준에서는 697ppm 수준으로 적정함량보다 매우 높아 연차적인 감량시용이 필요함을 보여주었다. 표토(0~15m)의 인산흡수계수는 무석회구가 석회시용구보다 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 높은 인산시용수준에서는 상대적으로 낮은 흡수계수를 보였다. 반면에 심토에서는 불규칙적인 경향을 보였다. 4. 겉뿌림 산지초지의 특성에 따라서 석회추비의 방법, 시용량, 시용시기, 비종선택 등과 연차적인 인산의 감량시용방법 등이 연구검토되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 2013

정보기술의 비약적 발전에 힘입어, 오늘날 기업들은 지금까지 축적한 고객 데이터를 기반으로 맞춤형 서비스를 제공하는 것에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 고객에게 소구하는 맞춤형 서비스를 효과적으로 제공하기 위해서는 우선 그 고객이 처한 상태나 상황을 정확하게 인지하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 고객에게 서비스가 전달되는 이른바 진실의 순간에 해당 고객의 감정 상태를 정확히 인지할 수 있다면, 기업은 더 양질의 맞춤형 서비스를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 이와 관련하여 사람의 얼굴과 행동을 이용하여 사람의 감정을 판단하고 개인화 서비스를 제공하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 얼굴 표정을 통해 사람의 감정을 판단하는 연구는 좀 더 미세하고 확실한 변화를 통해 정확하게 감정을 판단할 수 있지만, 장비와 환경의 제약으로 실제 환경에서 다수의 관객을 대상으로 사용하기에는 다소 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Plutchik의 감정 분류 체계를 기반으로 사람들의 행동을 통해 감정을 추론해내는 모형을 개발하는 것을 목표로 한다. 본 연구는 콘텐츠에 의해 유발된 사람들의 감정적인 변화를 사람들의 행동 변화를 통해 판단하고 예측하는 모형을 개발하고, 4가지 감정 별 행동 특징을 추출하여 각 감정에 따라 최적화된 예측 모형을 구축하는 것을 목표로 한다. 모형 구축을 위해 사람들에게 적절한 감정 자극영상을 제공하고 그 신체 반응을 수집하였으며, 사람들의 신체 영역을 나누었다. 특히, 모션캡쳐 분야에서 널리 쓰이는 차영상 기법을 적용하여 사람들의 제스쳐를 추출 및 보정하였다. 이후 전처리 과정을 통해 데이터의 타임프레임 셋을 20, 30, 40 프레임의 3가지로 설정하고, 데이터를 학습용, 테스트용, 검증용으로 구분하여 인공신경망 모형을 통해 학습시키고 성과를 평가하였다. 다수의 일반인들을 대상으로 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 제안 모형을 구축하고 평가한 결과, 프레임셋에 따라 예측 성과가 변화함을 알 수 있었다. 감정 별 최적 예측 성과를 보이는 프레임을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이는 감정에 따라 감정의 표출 시간이 다르기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이는 행동에 기반한 제안된 감정예측모형이 감정에 따라 효과적으로 감정을 예측할 수 있으며, 실제 서비스 환경에서 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 알고리즘이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다.

• 대한시과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.579-588
• /
• 2018

목적 : 대한민국 비정시 군인의 안경 청구 및 보급체계를 분석하고 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법 : 국군에서 제공되는 비정시 군인용 안경의 청구 및 보급체계를 조사하고 분석하였다. 비정시 군인 37명을 대상으로 평소 착용하는 일반안경의 굴절력을 기준으로 보급된 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착안경의 굴절력과 교정시력을 측정하였다. 원거리 교정시력이 1.0 이하인 대상에게 완전교정을 실시하고 교정시력의 변화를 비교하였다. 현 청구 및 보급에 따른 문제점의 개선방안을 제시하고 시력관리 전문 인력의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 결과 : 비정시 군인에게 보급되는 안경은 입대할 때 착용한 안경의 굴절력과 동일하게 복제되었다. 37명의 비정시 군인에게 보급된 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경의 등가구면굴절력은 각각 $-3.47{\pm}1.69D$, $-3.52{\pm}1.66D$ 및 $-3.55{\pm}1.63D$였으며 완전교정 등가구면굴절력은 $-3.79{\pm}1.66D$로 모두 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 일반안경, 파편방호용 및 방독면용 내부 장착 안경에 의한 원거리 고대비 및 저대비 교정시력(logMAR)은 각각 $0.06{\pm}0.80$, $0.21{\pm}0.82$, $0.15{\pm}0.74$, $0.34{\pm}0.89$ 및 $0.10{\pm}0.70$, $0.22{\pm}0.27$이었으며, 완전교정 후에는 각각 $0.02{\pm}1.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.07$, $0.09{\pm}0.92$, $0.26{\pm}0.10$ 및 $0.04{\pm}1.00$, $0.19{\pm}1.00$으로 증가하였다. 일반안경과 방독면 안경의 저대비 시력을 제외하고 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 안경의 청구, 제작 및 보급은 각각 5 단계로 구성되며, 최초 청구로부터 보급까지 약 2주 이상 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 비정시 군인의 안경 보급체계는 1) 굴절검사 체계의 결여, 2) 청구부터 보급까지 소요시간이 길고, 3) 보급 안경의 굴절력이 정확하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 개선하기 위해 단기적으로 관리 인력의 굴절력 측정에 대한 전문지식의 교육이 필요하고, 장기적으로 안경처방 표준체계의 도입과 시력관리 전문 인력의 확보가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.247-269
• /
• 2007

현대에 있어 동질적인 품질과 편익을 제공하는 제품을 가지고 다수의 기업들이 시장점유율 증대와 고객확보를 위하여 치열한 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 가운데 가격할인은 기업이 즐겨 사용하는 촉진수단이다. 가격할인은 단기적 매출향상, 소비자의 브랜드전환, 신제품의 시장침투 등의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 사용된다. 실제로 과거의 실증연구에 의하면 다양한 형태의 가격할인이 판매증대에 효과적이며 가격할인은 소비자의 지각가치를 증가시킨다고 하였다. 하지만 할인된 가격은 제품의 품질을 의심하게 하거나 낮게 평가하는 부정적인 효과가 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 모든 제품카테고리와 모든 구매상황에 대하여 가격할인이 소비자의 지각가치를 향상시킨다고 볼 수 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 브랜드애호도의 차이가 있는 제품을 대상으로 가격할인율에 따라 소비자의 지각가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 연구함으로서 브랜드애호도의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 브랜드애호도가 강한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 증가할 것으로 예측하였으나 분석결과 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 브랜드애호도가 강한 경우에는 가격할인에 의한 지각희생의 감소량이 크지 않았고 브랜드 자체에 대한 신뢰도와 속성에 대한 만족도가 높기 때문에 가격인하가 브랜드선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 반면 브랜드애호도가 약한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 브랜드애호도가 약한 경우에는 제품으로부터 획득하게 되는 편익에 대한 만족도와 신뢰도가 낮은데 이러한 특성을 고려해보면 가격할인이 클 때에 제품의 품질과 편익을 더욱 평가절하하거나 심리적으로 지각희생의 크기가 증가됨에 따라 지각가치가 감소되었음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다.

• 지능정보연구
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.175-191
• /
• 2011

국가신성장동력으로MICE(Meeting, Incentive travel, Convention, Exhibition) 산업이각광받으면서국내전시산업에 대한 관심이 드높아 지고 있다. 이에 따라 국내 전시산업(domestic exhibition industry)도 미국이나 유럽과 같이 전시성과를 향상시키기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행 중이다. 그 중에서도 전시환경이나 전시기법 등에 따라 관람효과가 다르기 때문에 지능형 정보기술을 이용하여 전시장에 방문한 참관객의 참관패턴을 분석하여 참관객을 이해하고 더 나아가 참여업체 간의 연관관계 도출 및 전시회의 성과를 높이고자 하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. 그런데, 이러한 기존의 부스추천시스템과 관련된 연구를 살펴보면 시스템적인 관점에서 추천의 정확성만을 논하고 있을 뿐 추천을 통한 참관객의 행동이나 인식의 변화에 대해서는 충분히 논의하고 있지 못하다. 부스추천시스템(Booth Recommendation System)은 참관객의 부스방문 정보를 바탕으로 참관객에게 적절한 부스를 추천하기 때문에 참관객은 사전에 계획하지 않은 전시장을 방문하게 될 수 있다. 이 때 참관객은 계획하지 않은 방문행동을 통해서 만족할 수도 있지만 추천과 정이 번거롭다거나 자유롭게 참관을 하는데 방해가 된다고 생각할 수 있다. 이 경우 참관객의 자유로운 관람보다 오히려 더 좋지 않은 성과를 낼 수 있다. 따라서 부스 추천시스템을 전시장에 적용하기 위해서는 시스템의 성과에 미치는 영향요인이 무엇인지 전반적으로 검토하고, 부스추천시스템이 참관객의 계획되지 않은 방문행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 면밀히 검토해야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 부스추천시스템의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 이론과 기존문헌을 통해 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 참관객의 지각된 부스추천시스템의 성과가 참관객의 계획되지 않은 행동에 대한 만족도와 부스추천시스템의 재사용의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위한 이론적 프레임워크로 본 연구는 계획되지 않은 행동이론(Unplanned Behavior Theory)을 도입하였다. 계획되지 않은 행동(unplanned behavior)이란 "소비자들이 사전에 계획하지 되지 않은 채 실행된 어떤 행동"으로 정의할 수 있다. 소비자들의 계획되지 않은 행동은 그 동안 마케팅 등 다양한 분야에서 연구되어 왔다. 특히, 마케팅에서는 계획되지 않은 행동 중 계획되지 않은 구매(unplanned purchasing)에 많은 관심을 두어 왔는데 이 개념은 종종 충동적 구매(impulsive purchasing)와 혼동되어 사용되곤 하였다. 그런데, 충동적 구매가 갑자기 무엇인가 구매를 해야하는 강하고 지속적인 충동(urge)이라고 본다면 계획되지 않은 구매는 구매의사결정의 시점이 상점에 들어가기 전이 아닌 상점 내에서 수행된다는 점이 다르다. 즉, 모든 충동적 구매는 비계획적이나, 모든 계획되지 않은 구매가 충동적인 구매는 아니다. 그런데, 왜 소비자들은 계획되지 않은 행동을 하는가? 이에 대해서는 학자들에 따라 여러 가지 의견이 있으나 소비자가 사전에 철저한 계획을 수립하지 않고 따라서 중간에 계획을 변화시킬만한 유연성(flexibility)이 있기 때문이라는 점에 일관된 의견을 보인다. 즉, 계획되지 않은 행동을 하는데 많은 비용이 소요된다면 소비자들은 사전에 수립한 계획을 변경하기 어렵게 될 것이기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 살펴보고자 하는 전시장 역시 참관객들은 방문하기 전에 전시장이 어떤 프로그램으로 구성되어 있는지 살펴보고, 어떤 부스를 방문할지를 사전에 계획하게 된다. 그 이유는 참관객들이 전시장 방문에 투입할 수 있는 시간은 한정되어 있는 반면에 전시회는 대규모의 다양한 부스로 운영되기 때문에 참관객들이 모든 부스를 참관한다는 것이 현실적으로 불가능하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시하는 부스추천시스템이 참관객이 선호할 만한 부스를 추천하게 되면 참관객은 자신의 계획을 변화시켜서 부스추천시스템이 추천한 부스를 방문하게 된다. 이러한 방문행동은 소비자가 상점을 방문하거나, 관광객이 관광지에서 계획하지 않은 행동을 하는 것과 유사한 측면에서 이해가 가능하며 특히 최근 여행소비자들이 정보기기의 영향으로 계획되지 않은 행동을 하는 경우가 부쩍 증가한 추세와 동일한 맥락에서 이해가 가능하다. 이에 다음과 같은 연구모형을 설정하였다. 이 연구모형은 참관객이 지각한 부스추천시스템의 성과(performance)를 매개변수로 하고 있는데 이 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 부스추천시스템에 대한 신뢰(trust), 전시장 참관객의 지식수준 (knowledge level), 부스 추천시스템의 기대된 개인화 (expected personalization) 그리고 부스추천시스템의 자유위협(threat to freedom)을 영향요인으로 파악하였다. 또한, 지각된 부스추천시스템 성과와 계획되지 않은 행동에 대한 참관객의 만족도와 향후 부스추천시스템의 재사용의도간의 인과관계도 파악하고자 하였다. 이 때 부스추천시스템에대한신뢰는권한(competence), 자선(benevolence), 그리고진실(integrity)의2차요인(2nd order factor)으로구성하고, 나머지 요인들은 1차 요인으로 구성하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 2011 DMC Culture Open 행사에서 부스추천시스템을 테스트하기 위하여 시스템을 개발하고, 101명의 참관객을 대상으로 실증조사를 하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 부스추천시스템에 있어서 참관객의 신뢰가 가장 중요한 요소이며 실제 해당 부스추천시스템을 이용한 참관객들은 신뢰를 통해 부스추천시스템이 성과 있다고 인식하였다. 둘째, 참관객의 지식수준 역시 부스추천시스템의 성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤는데 이는 추천의 성과가 전시장에 대한 사전적 이해가 필요함을 의미한다. 즉, 전시장에 대한 이해가 높은 참관객이 부스추천시스템의 유용성을 더 잘 파악하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기대된 개인화 수준은 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했는데 이는 기존 연구와 다른 결과로 본 연구에 사용된 부스추천시스템이 충분히 개인화 서비스를 제공하지 못했기 때문이라고 판단된다. 넷째, 부스추천시스템의 추천정보는 개인의 자유를 위협하거나 제한한다고 느끼지 않음으로 충분히 유용한 가치를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 끝으로 부스정보시스템의 높은 성과는 참관객들의 계획되지 않은 행동에 대한 높은 만족도와 향후에도 부스추천시스템을 재사용할 의도를 만드는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 본 연구는 부스추천시스템이 야기하는 참관객의 계획되지 않은 부스방문행동에 미치는 영향력을 분석하기 위해 계획되지 않은 행동이론을 중심으로 실증자료를 이용하여 분석하고, 이를 통해 향후 부스추천시스템의 구축 및 설계에 유용한 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 향후에는 보다 정교한 설문구성과 측정대상을 이용하여 추가적인 검토가 필요할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.19-48
• /
• 1974

토지국유원칙(土地國有原則)을 표방(標榜)하고 "공사(公私) 공리(共利)"를 기본원칙(基本原則)으로 하고 있었던 고려조(高麗朝)의 시전과제도(柴田科制度)도 집권력(執權力)의 약화(弱化)로 인(因)하여 조만간(早晩間), 붕괴(崩壞)되고 말았던 것이나 임지제도(林地制度)에 있어서는 분묘설정(墳墓設定)의 자유(自由)와 개간장려(開墾奬勵)를 이용(利用)한 삼림(森林)의 광점(廣占) 및 전시과제도(田柴科制度)로 인(因)한 시지(柴地)의 수조권위양(收租權委讓)으로 유래(由來)된 사적수조권(私的洙組權)이 결부(結付)된 삼림(森林)의 사점현상등(私占現象等)이 점차(漸次) 발전(發展)하여 고려중기(高麗中期)의 국정해지기이후(國政解地期以後)에는 대부분(大部分)의 삼림(森林)이 권력층(權力層)의 사점지(私占地)로 화(化)하여 왔었다. 고려조(高麗朝)의 모든 제도(制度)를 그대로 계승(繼承)한 이조(李朝)는 건국후(建國後) 국가소용(國家所用)의 삼림확보(森林確保)를 위(爲)한 삼림수용(森林收用)의 제도확립(制度確立)이 긴요(緊要)하였음으로 전국(全國)의 삼림(森林)을 국가권력(國家權力)에 의(依)하여 공수(公收)하고 국가(國家)와 궁실소용이외(宮室所用以外)의 모든 삼림(森林)은 사점(私占)을 금(禁)한다는 "시장사점금지(柴場私占禁止)"의 제도(制度)를 법제화(法制化)하였고 도성주변(都城周邊)의 사산(四山)을 금산(禁山)으로 함과 아울러 우량(優良)한 임상(林相)의 천연림(天然林)을 택(擇)하여 전조선용재(戰漕船用材)와 궁실용재(宮室用材)의 확보(確保)를 위(爲)한 외방금산(外方禁山)으로 정(定)하고 그 금양(禁養)을 위(爲)하여 산직(山直)을 배치(配置)하였다. 그리고 연병(練兵)과 국왕(國王)의 수렵(狩獵)을 위(爲)한 강무장(講武場)과 관용시장(官用柴場), 능원부속림(陵園附屬林)의 금벌(禁伐), 금화(禁火)를 제정(制定) 등(等) 필요(必要)에 따라 수시(隨時)로 삼림(森林)을 수용(收用)하였으나 고려조이래(高麗朝以來)로 권력층(權力層)에 의(依)하여 사점(私占)되어온 삼림(森林)을 왕권(王權)으로 모두 공수(公收)하지는 못하였던 것이다. 이조초기(李朝初期)에 있어서의 집권층(執權層)은 그 대부분(大部分)이 고려조(高麗朝)에서의 권력층(權力層)이었던것 임으로 그들은 이미 전조시대(前朝時代)로부터 많은 사점림(私占林)을 보유(保有)하고 있었던 것이고 따라서 그들이 권력(權力)을 장악(掌握)하고 있는 한(限) 사점림(私占林)을 공수(公收)한다는 것은 어려운 일이었으며 그들은 오히려 권력(權力)을 이용(利用)하여 사점림(私占林)을 확대(擴大)하고 있었던 것이다. 또 왕자(王子)들도 묘지(墓地)를 빙자(憑藉)하여 주(主)로 도성주변(都城周邊)의 삼림(森林)을 광점(廣占)하고 있던 터에 성종(成宗)의 대(代) 이후(以後)로는 왕자신(王自身)이 금령(禁令)을 어기면서 왕자(王子)에게 삼림(森林)을 사급(賜給)하였음으로 16세기말(世紀末)에는 원도지방(遠道地方)에 까지 왕자(王子)들의 삼림사점(森林私占)이 확대(擴大)되었고 이에 편승(便乘)한 권신(權臣)들의 삼림사점(森林私占)도 전국(全國)으로 파급(波及)하였다. 임진왜란후(壬辰倭亂後)에 시작(始作)된 왕자(王子)에 대(對)한 시장절급(柴場折給)은 삼림(森林)의 상속(相續)과 매매(賣買)를 합법화(合法化)시켰고 이로 인(因)하여 봉건제하(封建制下)에서의 사유림(私有林)을 발생(發生)시키게 된 것이다. 그리하여 권신(權臣)들도 합법적(合法的)으로 삼림(森林)을 사점(私占)하게 되었고 따라서 이조시대(李朝時代) 임지제도(林地制度)의 기본(基本)이었던 시장사점금지(柴場私占禁止)의 제도(制度)는 건국초(建國初)로부터 실행(實行)된 일이 없었으며 오로지 국가(國家)의 삼림수용(森林收用)을 합법화(合法化)시키는 의제(擬制)에 불과(不過)하였던 것이다. 금산(禁山)은 그 이용(利用)과 관리제도(管理制度)의 불비(不備)로 인(因)하여 산하주민(山下住民)들의 염오(厭惡)의 대상(對象)이 되었음으로 주민(住民)들의 고의적(故意的)인 금산(禁山)의 파괴(破壞)는 처음부터 심(甚)하였고 이로 인(因)하여 국가(國家)에서는 용재림확보(用材林確保)를 위(爲)한 금산(禁山)의 증설(增設)을 거듭하였으나 관리제도(管理制度)의 개선(改善)이 수반(隨伴)되지 않았음으로 금산(禁山)의 황폐(荒廢)는 더욱 증대(增大)되었다. 영조(英祖)는 정국(政局)을 안정(安定)시키기 위(爲)하여 경국대전이후(經國大典以後) 남발(濫發)된 교령(敎令)과 법령(法令)을 정비(整備)하여 속대전(續大典)을 편찬(編纂)하고 삼림법령(森林法令)을 정비(整備)하여 도성주변(都城周邊)의 금산(禁山)과 각도(各道) 금산(禁山)의 명칭대신(名稱代身) 서기(西紀) 1699년(年) 이후(以後) 개칭(改稱)하여온 봉산(封山)의 금양(禁養)을 강화(强化)시키는 한편 사양산(私養山)의 권한(權限)을 인정(認定)하는 등(等) 적극적(積極的)인 육림정책(育林政策)을 퍼려하였으나 계속적(繼續的)인 권력층(權力層)의 삼림사점광대(森林私占廣大)는 농민(農民)들로부터 삼림(森林)을 탈취(奪取)하였고 농민(農民)들 이 삼림(森林)을 상실(喪失)함으로써 국가(國家)의 육림장려등(育林奬勵策)은 효과(効果)를 나타내지 못하였던 것이다. 임진왜란후(壬辰倭亂後)의 국정해이(國定解弛)로 인(因)한 묘지광점(墓地廣占), 왕자(王子)에 대(對)한 삼림(森林)의 절급(折給) 권세층(權勢層)에 대(對)한 산림사점(森林私占)은 인허(認許)하는 입안문서(立案文書)의 발행등(發行等)으로 법전상(法典上)의 삼임사점금지조항(森林私占禁止條項)은 사문화(死文化)되었고 이조말기(李朝末期)에 있어서는 사양산(私養山)의 강탈(强奪)도 빈발(頻發)하고 있음을 볼수 있다. 이와 같이 이조시대(李朝時代)의 시장사점금지조항(柴場私占禁止條項)은 오로지 농민(農民)에게만 적용(適用)되는 규정(規定)에 불과(不過)하였고 이로 인(因)하여 농민(農民)들의 육림의욕(育林意慾)은 상실(喪失)되었으며 약탈적(掠奪的)인 삼림(森林)의 채취이용(採取利用)은은 금산(禁山), 봉산(封山) 및 사양산(私養山)을 막론(莫論)하고 황폐(荒廢)시키는 결과(結果)를 자아냈으며 권력층(權力層)의 삼림점탈(森林占奪)에 대항(對抗)한 송계(松契)의 활동(活動)으로 일부(一部) 공산(公山)이 농민(農民)의 입회지(入會地)로서 보존(保存)되어왔다. 그럼에도 불구(不拘)하고 일제(日帝)는 이조말기(李朝末期)의 삼림(森林) 거의 무주공산(無主公山)이 었던것처럼, 이미 사문화(死文化)된 삼림사점금지조항(森林私占禁止條項)을 활용(活用)함으로써, 국가림(國有林)으로 수탈(收奪)한후(後) 식민정책(植民政策)에 이용(利用)하였던 것이나, 실제(實際)에 있어서 이조시대(李朝時代)의 삼림(森林)은 금산(禁山), 봉산(封山), 능원부속림등(陸園附屬林等)의 관금지(官禁地)와 오지름(奧地林)을 제외(除外)하고는 대부분(大部分)의 임지(林地)가 권세층(權勢層)의 사유(私有) 내지(乃至)는 사점하(私占下)에 있었던 것이다.