• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2023

Methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) are significant contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice fields. Mid-summer drainage is a commonly practiced water management technique that reduces CH₄ emissions from rice fields. Slow-release fertilizers gradually release nutrients over an extended period and have been shown to reduce N₂O emissions. However, the combined effect of slow-release fertilizer and water management on GHG emissions remains unclear. This study compared GHG emissions from a rice paddy subjected to mid-summer drainage for 10 days (control) with that of a rice paddy subjected to prolonged mid-summer drainage for 20 days combined with slow-release fertilizer (W+S). Gas sampling was conducted weekly using a closed chamber method. During the rice cultivation period, cumulative CH₄ and N₂O emissions were reduced by 12.3% and 16.2%, respectively, in the W+S treatment compared to the control. Moreover, the W+S treatment exhibited a 1.9% increase in grain yield compared to the control. Under experimental conditions, slow-release fertilizers, in combination with prolonged mid-summer drainage, proved to be the optimal approach for achieving high crop yield while reducing GHG emissions. This represents an effective strategy to mitigate GHG emissions from rice paddy fields.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.77-96
• /
• 2019

This paper examines the relation between the skill premium and international trade given differences in the relative supply of skills across countries while allowing the South (developing countries) to develop its appropriate technology. Typical assumptions put forward in the literature state that either technology is exogenously given, or technical change is allowed only in the North (developed countries). I present a model of international trade with endogenous growth by allowing the South to direct its technology. The results show that more R&D is directed towards skill-augmenting technology in the North than in the South, in sectors with the same skill-intensity. Technical change induced by lowering trade costs can increase the skill premium in both the North and the South. This result can explain the empirical observation that the skill premium has increased within many developing countries after they experienced trade liberalization. Finally, the model predicts larger gains from trade compared with the model where technical change is either not allowed, or allowed only in the North.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.209-227
• /
• 2018

The issue of climate change, which calls for urgent and improved action by countries around the world, requires cooperation from the international community. Therefore, consistency among various policies on climate change is particularly important. This study analyzes the relationship between the implementation of SDGs and the scale of assistance in the field of climate change in order to see if there is consistency between domestic policy and aid policy to address climate change issues. An analysis of the correlation between the indices related to the domestic implementation of SDGs and ODA amounts in the field of climate change by OECD countries was conducted. As a result, there is a significant negative correlation between imported CO2 emissions and the portion of climate change ODA. On the other hand, the amount of CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel export is significantly positively correlated with the portion of ODA for climate change. Consistency between domestic and aid policies of OECD countries in the field of climate change is not sufficiently ensured, and climate change, the cross-cutting issue, is not being pursued in a consistent direction across national policy.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.33 no.6_3
• /
• pp.1223-1232
• /
• 2017

This paper presents an approach to detect changes caused by urban development over a large area using KOMPSAT optical images. In order to minimize the radiometric dissimilarities between the images acquired at different times, we apply the grid-based rough radiometric correction as a preprocessing to detect changes in a large area. To improve the accuracy of the change detection results for urban development, we mask-out non-interest areas such as water and forest regions by the use of land-cover map provided by the Ministry of Environment. The Change Vector Analysis(CVA) technique is applied to detect changes caused by urban development. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a total of three study sites from Sejong City is constructed by combining KOMPSAT-2 images acquired on May 2007 and May 2016 and a KOMPSAT-3 image acquired on March 2014. As a result of the change detection accuracy evaluation for the study site generated from the KOMPSAT-2 image acquired on May 2007 and the KOMPSAT-3 image acquired on March 2014, the overall accuracy of change detection was about 91.00%. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is able to effectively detect urban development changes in a large area.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.37-46
• /
• 2017

Climate change is the biggest concern of the $21^{st}$ century. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from various sectors are attracting attention as a cause of climate change. The DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model simulates GHG emissions from cropland. To study future GHG emissions using this simulation model, various factors that could change in future need to be considered. Because most problems are from the agricultural sector, DNDC would be unable to solve the factor-changing problem itself. Hence, it is necessary to link DNDC with separate models that simulate each element. Climate change is predicted to cause a variety of environmental disasters in the future, having a significant impact on the agricultural environment. In the process of human adaptation to environmental change, the distribution and management methods of farmland will also change greatly. In this study, we introduce some drawbacks of DNDC in considering future changes, and present other existing models that can rectify the same. We further propose some combinations with models and development sub-models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2018

This study elicited the necessity of considering regional climate change on Low Impact Development (LID) application by evaluating its effect on LID efficiency. The relationship between climate change factors and LID efficiency was evaluated with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) showing the increase of annual precipitation and representative evapotranspiration. Simply lowering lawn surface (LID3), a practical option to increase retention and infiltration effect, demonstrated hydrological improvement above two conventional options, bioretention with green roof (LID1) and bioretention only (LID2). High runoff reductions of applied options at RCP 4.5, supposing taking efforts for mitigating green house gases, revealed that climate change countermeasures were preferable to LID efficiencies. The increase of precipitation had more influence in hydrological change than that of reference evapotranspiration.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.766-787
• /
• 2010

This study seeks to clarify the process of development and the change of freight flows in the influence areas of Pyeongtaek and Dangjin Port, which opened lately. The results of analysis are as follows: from development period to growth period, the relation between the development of the port and the change of the hinterland and foreland shows no great change and the freight concentration rates of the first hinterland and foreland decreased, but those of periphery region increased. While the composition rate of import and export freight of vehicle, fuel and energy decreased, the rate of imported freights (iron or steel, other textile articles, rag and organic compounds) and exported freight (manufacture of basic metals) increased. The reasons for such changes in influence areas of port were the increase of export to China and the U.S.A. in the development period, the increase of import from China in the growth period and the diversification of nations from which fuel and energy were imported.

• Soft Computing and Machine Intelligence
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.36-52
• /
• 2021

Software development organizations are globalizing their development activities increasingly due to strategic and economic gains. Global software development (GSD) is an intricate concept, and various challenges are associated with it, specifically related to the software requirement change management Process (RCM). This research aims to identify humans' related success factors (HSFs) and human-related challenges (HCHs) that could influence the RCM process in GSD organizations and propose a theoretical framework of the identified factors concerning RCM process implementation. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was adopted to investigate the HSFs and HCHs. Using the SLR approach, a total of 10 SFs and 10 CHs were identified. The study also reported the critical success factors (HCSFs) and critical challenges (HCCHs) for RCM process implementation following the factors having a frequency 50% as critical. Our results reveal that five out of ten HSFs and 4 out of ten HCHs are critical for RCM process implementation in GSD. Finally, we have developed a theoretical framework based on the identified factors that indicated a relationship among the identified factors and the implementation of the RCM process in the context of GSD. We believe that the results of this research can help tackle the complications associated with the RCM in GSD environment, which is vigorous to the success and progression of GSD organizations.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.1 no.2 s.2
• /
• pp.68-84
• /
• 1992

The development of Buddhist architectures of the Unified Silla period have been generally understood to have paired pagoda instead of one which had been popular until before the unification. Besides the stylistic categorization of paired pagoda system, there had been no further investigation reported concerning whether there was any detailed process of change within the development of paired pagoda style. This paper aims to identify such change inside the development of paired pagoda style, which, externally, seems to be the same pattern of site design maintained throughout the period of Unified Silla that lasted for about three centuries. Since the temple sites of study are in the same pattern of layout, the method of investigation has to be such that can identify the subtle changes that, in external appearance, are not easily discernible. Hence, this research compared the dimensions of important measurement of five temple sites to be able to clarify the process of minor changes. Among many sites of Silla temples, only five were suitable for the research since detailed measurement were possible through field research or the report of excavation. They are the sites of Sachonwang-sa, Mangduk-sa, site of Kunsuri, and Bulguk-sa. Although the five sites have the same style of paired pagoda, it is clear that there were consistant flow of change. Even though the motivation of such change were not strong enough to change the site pattern itself, it resulted continuous minor changes such as the size and location of architectures. The size of image hall, for example, was growing larger and larger as time goes on, while, the size of Pagoda was getting smaller. In the same way, the size of middle gate became smaller while the size of lecture hall became larger, although the rate of change in these cases were not as severe as that of image hall and pagoda. At the same time, pagoda was coming closer to the middle gate leaving larger space in front of the image hall. Such aspect is even more meaningful considering the fact that the pagoda, from the 8th century in Japan and China, moved outside of the major precinct. The image hall, too, moved toward the middle gate slightly so that the space in front of the lecture hall became more spacious. Such changes, of course, were not accidental but they are the same continuous motivation of change that caused the changes before the period of unification. Enlargement of image hall and reduction of pagoda, for example, represent the changing relative importance of religious meaning. Hence, it is evident that one can not easily imterprete the development of one style only by categorizing it to be one same style. In the veiwpoint of the underlying motivation of change, the fact that one style persisted for a certain period of time, does not mean there had been no change, but means that it was the time of motivational accumulation, causing minor changes within the same style, to be able to create major change coming after.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.67-83
• /
• 2022

This study was designed to develop a sustainable clothing life education program for middle school students and to analyze the effects of the developed program on the "Change-maker" characteristics of adolescents. This study proceeded following the ADDIE teaching design model. The learning activities in the middle school Technology and Home Economics textbooks were analyzed according to the steps of the Change-maker education program. Based on the analyzed results, the sustainable clothing life education program entitled 'Clothes for us, actions for the earth' which includes ten teaching and learning process plans, 17 individual learning activity sheets, and seven group learning activity sheets was developed. The developed program was implemented on 285 first-year students in K middle School in Ulsan. After the class, the level of Change-maker characteristics of the students increased from 3.87(SD=.54) to 4.59(SD=.64). From the interviews of the students, it was also found that the developed program influenced the values and behaviors of the students. Therefore it was confirmed that the Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) program on clothing life in middle school Home Economics developed based on the Change-maker education program stage was effective in cultivating the Change-maker characteristics of adolescents.