• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.195-211
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• 2015

Flat plate friction lines have been used in the process to estimate speed performance of full-scale ships in model tests. The results of the previous studies showed considerable differences in determining form factors depending on changes in plate friction lines and Reynolds numbers. These differences had a great influence on estimation of speed performance of full-scale ships. This study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, the scale effect of the form factor depending on change in the Reynolds number was studied based on CFD, in connection with three kinds of friction resistance curves: the ITTC-1957, the curve proposed by Grigson (1993; 1996), and the curve developed by Katsui et al. (2005). In the second part, change in the form factor by three kinds of friction resistance curves was investtigated based on model tests, and then the brake power and the revolution that were finally determined by expansion processes of full-scale ships. When three kinds of friction resistance curves were applied to each kind of ships, these were investigated: differences between resistance and self-propulsion components induced in the expansion processes of full-scale ships, correlation of effects between these components, and tendency of each kind of ships. Finally, what friction resistance curve was well consistent with results of test operation was examined per each kind of ships.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of a micromachined resonant accelerometer consisting of a symmetrical pair of proof masses and double-ended tuning fork(DETF) oscillators. Under the external acceleration along the input axis, the proof mass applies forces to the oscillators, which causes a change in their resonant frequency. This frequency change is measured to indicate the applied acceleration. Pivot anchor and leverage mechanisms are adopted in the accelerometer to generate larger force from a proof mass under certain acceleration, which enables increasing its scale factor. Finite element method analyses have been conducted to design the accelerometer and a silicon on insulator(SOI) wafer with a substrate glass wafer was used for fabricating it. The fabricated accelerometer has a scale factor of 188 Hz/g, which is shown to be in agreement with analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2015

본 연구는 기후변화의 영향을 고려한 포아송 강우생성모형의 일종인 MBLRP(Modified Bartlett-Lewis Rectangular Pulse)를 개발하고, 대한민국 주요 도시에 대해 향후 100년간 강우의 변화를 살펴보았다. 기존 MBLRP 모형에서 기후변화에 따른 강우량 변화를 고려할 수 있도록 GCM 모형의 강우 자료를 활용하였고, GCM 모형으로부터 발생하는 불확실성을 고려하기 위해 IPCC의 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오를 모의한 16개의 GCM 모형을 사용하였다. 2007년부터 2099년까지의 미래기간을 3개의 시 구간으로 구분하고, 16개 GCM 앙상블을 사용하여 미래기간 동안 대한민국 16개 도시에 대해 1000개의 샘플을 BWA 방법을 이용하여 생성하였다. 제어기간(1973-2005) 대비 미래기간(2007-2099)의 변화율을 나타내는 FOC(factor of change)와 온도의 연별 변화율을 나타내는 SF(scaling factor)의 개념을 결합하여 미래기간에 대한 CF(correction factor)를 산정하였다. 이때 CF는 16개 도시의 연 단위 강우량 변화 비율을 월별로 나타내며, 제어기간의 월 강우 관측치와 CF를 몬테카를로 모의를 실시하여 미래기간의 강우 시나리오를 산정한다. 이를 통해 월 평균 강우량 통계치를 연 단위로 얻을 수 있으며, 월 평균 강우량이 월 평균 분산, 무강우확률, 자기상관계수와 가지는 선형 관계를 통해 강우 통계치를 산출한다. 이와 같은 강우 통계치는 가상강우생성모형인 MBLRP 모형에 입력 자료로 활용되어 월 강우량을 시 단위의 강우 시계열 자료로 생성해낸다. 최종적으로 MBLRP 모형으로 산정된 시 단위 강우 시계열은 기후변화 영향을 고려한 GCMs 앙상블로 생성된 강우 시나리오를 기반으로 산출되기 때문에 향후 수자원 분석에 활용 가능할 것이라 기대된다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.851-860
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• 2005

In order to how well predict ISCST3(lndustrial Source Complex Short Term version 3) model dispersion of air pollutant at point source, sensitivity was analysed necessary parameters change. ISCST3 model is Gaussian plume model. Model calculation was performed with change of the wind speed, atmospheric stability and mixing height while the wind direction and ambient temperature are fixed. Fixed factors are wind direction as the south wind(l80") and temperature as 298 K(25 "C). Model's sensitivity is analyzed as wind speed, atmospheric stability and mixing height change. Data of stack are input by inner diameter of 2m, stack height of 30m, emission temperature of 40 "C, outlet velocity of 10m/s. On the whole, main factor which affects in atmospheric dispersion is wind speed and atmospheric stability at ISCST3 model. However it is effect of atmospheric stability rather than effect of distance downwind. Factor that exert big influence in determining point of maximum concentration is wind speed. Meanwhile, influence of mixing height is a little or almost not.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1779-1785
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• 2010

The experiment is designed to create some useful data on the dressed shapes that contribute to simulating the adaptability of clothes. We studied the dressed shapes of blouse with above-elbow sleeves and sleeveless according to five types of arm movement (basic posture, reach forward 45, 90, and reach lateral 45, 90) in the stand-posture. Experiments were conducted to understand the dressed shape through 3-D measurement Vivid 910 and to investigate the width, depth, area distribution and gap of the shape of blouses on the section map with a software program for 3-D shape analysis, Rapid Form 2004. The Data were analyzed by factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows: The ratio of depth per width in the stand-posture was lower than other arm movements and the reach lateral was higher than the reach forward. The gap of the upper body was a briefed 4 factor; front, front-side, back, and back-side. It was higher than the sleeveless with a change of the gap in the dressed blouse with above-elbow sleeves by arm movements per stand-posture. The divisional gap shows the adaptability of clothes according to the types of blouse and arm movements in the change of the ratio.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2000

Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) blocks the elongation step of translation and stops overall protein synthesis. Although the overall rate of protein synthesis in mitosis reduces to 20% of that in S phase, it is unclear how the protein translation procedure is regulated during the cell cycle, especially in the stage of peptide elongation. To delineate the regulation of the elongation step through eEF-2 function, the changes in phosphorylation of eEF-2, and in activity of corresponding $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase III (CaMK-III) during the cell cycle of NIH 3T3 cells, were determined. The in vivo level of phosphorylated eEF-2 showed an 80% and 40% increase in the cells arrested at G1 and M, respectively. The activity of CaMK-III also changed in a similar pattern, more than a 2-fold increase when arrested at G1 and M. The activity change of the kinase during one turn of the cell cycle also demonstrated the activation at G1 and M phases. The activity change of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was reciprocal to that of CaMK-III. These results indicated: (1) the activity of CaMK-III was cell cycle-dependent and (2) the level of eEF-2 phosphorylation followed the kinase activity change. Therefore, the elongation step of protein synthesis might be cell cycle dependently regulated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

Ecomuseums come into close relationship with resident and community. Progress of heritage concept brings on the change of valuation standard in heritage, that life style of residents become most important element of cultural heritage. The change of display method has caused the generation of various experience programs in ecomuseum which are display and education based on participation of visitors and residents. Ecomuseums in Europe during progress have conceptual peculiarities by themes to keep the cultural identity and protect folk culture in regional community. 'Europe Ecomuseum Network' seriously affected by social change and development is new alternative to promote regional identity and cultural exchange among Europe countries. People participation with all residents is decisive factor to promote identity and attachment in native place, as well as collaboration with residents, experts, administrators and NGO is one factor for sustainable development and the realization of ecomuseum, activation of regional economy, and also is the root of efforts to protect and activate regional community.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.147-149
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• 2003

The wetness, a function of precipitation and temperature etc, and the warmth, a function of temperature, are the dominant factor for global vegetation distribution. This paper employs the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), warmth index (WAI), and wetness index (WEI), and focuses on an essential climate-vegetation relationship at global scale. The NDVI was acquired from ‘Twenty-year global 4-minute AVHRR NDVI dataset.’ The WEI is defined as the fraction of the precipitation to the potential evaporation. The WAI was calculated by accumulating the monthly mean temperature of the portion exceeded 5$^{\circ}C$ throughout the year. Meteorological data for the WEI and WAI calculation were obtained from the ISLSCP CD-ROM. All analyses were conducted for 1 ${\times}$ 1 degree grid box on the terrestrial area of the Earth, and on annual value basis averaged in 1987 and 1988. The result of analyses demonstrated that there are two regimes in their relations, that is, a regime in which NDVIs vary depending on the WEI, and a regime in which NDVIs vary depending on the WAI. These two regimes appeared to correspond to the wetness dominant and warmth dominant vegetation, respectively. The geographical distributions of two regimes were mapped. Most of the world vegetation is categorized into wetness dominant, while warmth dominant vegetation is seen in the high-latitude area mainly to the north of 60$^{\circ}$N in the Northern Hemisphere and high-altitude areas.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2014

In this study, greenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry was estimated and the reduction potential of the greenhouse gas emission was evaluated with reduction technologies. Default value of IPCC guideline was used to calculate the greenhouse gas emission and $SF_6$ alternatives were considered in reduction potential. Import of magnesium ingot was 22,806 ton in 2013, which will be expected to increase to 81,700 ton with 20% rate in 2020. Magnesium ingot was consumed to produce magnesium alloy in diecasting process. Recently, commercial production of crown magnesium and magensium plate began. Based on ingot consumption, $CO_2$ emission of domestic magnesium industry was estimated to 504,000 ton, which is about 0.79% of domestic industrial emissions. Reduction potential of diecasting process was estimated to 489,320 ton by changing SF6 to alternative gases such as HFC-134a, Novec-612. Emission factor of Tier 3 level should be developed to enhance the accuracy of greeenhouse gas emission of magnesium industry.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2021

Slag blended concrete is widely used as a mineral admixture in the modern concrete industry. This study shows an optimization process that determines the optimal mixture of air-entrained slag blended concrete considering carbonation durability, frost durability, CO2 emission, and materials cost. First, the aim of optimization is set as total cost, which equals material cost plus CO2 emission cost. The constraints of optimization consist of strength, workability, carbonation durability with climate change, frost durability, range of components and component ratio, and absolute volume. A genetic algorithm is used to determine optimal mixtures considering aim function and various constraints. Second, mixture design examples are shown considering four different cases, namely, mixtures without considering carbonation (Case 1), mixtures considering carbonation (Case 2), mixtures considering carbonation coupled with climate change (Case 3), and mixtures of high strength concrete (Case 4). The results show that the carbonization is the controlling factor of the mixture design of the concrete with ordinary strength (the designed strength is 30MPa). To meet the challenge of climate change, stronger concrete must be used. For high-strength slag blended concrete (design strength is 55MPa), strength is the control factor of mixture design.