• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2013

변형근치유방절제술을 시행한 환자는 일반 여성에 비해 수술로 인한 양측 유방의 두께 차이가 나타나게 되고 이에 따른 감약 차가 생기게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 디지털 영상 특성평가의 객관적인 기준이 되는 MTF를 측정하여 변형근치유방절제술을 시행한 환자들의 흉부촬영에서 적합한 Ion chamber 조합의 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 디텍터에 위치한 chamber에 좌측 1, 우측 2, 가운데 3으로 번호를 지정하고 엣지팬텀을 부착하여 실험 영상을 획득하였다. 획득한 영상의 해상력 특성 평가는 Matlab(R2007a)를 이용하여 50% MTF 공간주파수의 해상력 평가와 흡수선량을 측정하였다. 실험결과에서 1+3과 2+3조합의 평균 노출조건, 공간주파수, 흡수선량은 각각 2.745 mAs, 1.925 lp/mm, 0.668 mGy로 다른 조합과 비교하여 적은 선량으로 높은 해상력 특성과 높은 DQE를 나타내었다. 따라서 변형근치유방절제술을 시행한 환자의 디지털 흉부영상의 촬영에서는 본 연구에서 제시하는 chamber 조합은 피폭선량 감소와 영상 화질의 향상에 대한 보상이 가능하여 향후 임상에서 적용 및 활용 가능한 chamber 기준이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2002

본 연구는 제작된 방사선 측정시스템을 평가하기 위한 방법중의 하나인 유효측정점을 명확히 정하기 위하여 실행되었다. 일반적으로 원통형이나 두 전극간의 간격이 매우 작은 평행평판형 이온함의 경우 유효측정점은 잘 정의 되어있다. 그 정의에 의하면 그리 크지 않은 체적을 갖는 평행평판형 이온함의 유효측정점은 방사선이 입사되는 윗면의 바로 아래로 정의한다고 되어있다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제작한 이온함과 같이 두 전극간의 간격을 비교적 크게 할 경우 위의 정의는 더 이상 유효하지 않을 수도 있을 것으로 생각되어 평행평판형 이온함의 두 전극간의 간격을 3, 6, 10 mm로 하여 체적이 0.9, 1.9, 3.1 cc로 비교적 크게 한 경우에 그 유효측정점의 변화를 검토하고자 하였다. 실험은 의료용 선형가속기로부터 발생가능한 광자선 6, 10 MV와 전자선 6, 12 MeV에 대하여 시행되었으며, 방법은 이온함의 buildup의 두께를 증가시켜가면서 방사선의 측정선량이 최대가 되는 깊이를 조사하였다. 그 결과 광자선과 전자선의 경우 조사된 모든 에너지에 대하여 그 정도의 차이는 있으나 전반적으로 이온함의 체적이 커짐에 따라서 즉, 두 전극간의 간격이 멀어짐에 따라서 유효측정점이 이온함의 윗면에서부터 이온함의 중심 쪽으로 이동하는 경향을 보였다. 그 정도는 이온함 체적의 크기가 커질수록 더 크게 이동하는 양상을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 평행평판형 이온함의 경우는 두 전극간의 간격이 어느 정도 큰 경우에는 유효측정점이 변하게 됨으로 이온함의 체적에 따라서 그 유효측정점을 조사할 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2003

Citrus canker disease is caused by bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis .pv. Citri. Shiranuhi cultivar, a hybrid of Kiyomi tangor and Nakano No.3 ponkan was evaluated for resistance to citrus canker based on initiation of disease, percent area of lesion infected and growth rate of bacteria in the leaf under growth chamber condition. Significant differences between susceptible plant and resistant plants were observed in these assays. Resistant plants showed delayed disease symptoms compared to the susceptible plants after spray inoculation of the pathogen. The resistant verities, satsuma, yuzu, and Shiranuhi showed symptoms after six days where as susceptible, mexican lime showed the symptoms just after three days of inoculation. 18 days after inoculation, percent area of lesions developed on leaf and disease severity differed significantly in susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: mexican lime > early satsuma =Shiranuhi =yuzu (P <, 0.01). However, 30 days after inoculation, percent area of lesion was further differentiated into resistant and highly resistant plants. That was ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi > yuzu (P < 0.01). These results indicate that host reaction to the bacterial was more distinct when the disease developed for a longer period. Growth rates of a citrus canker bacterium during 16 40 h also were distinct after infiltration into leaves of susceptible and resistant plants, and were ranked as follows: sweet orange> early satsuma =Shiranuhi =Kiyomi =yuzu (P < 0.01). Based on these results, we concluded that Shiranuhi is resistant to citrus canker as compared to Kiyomi, early satsuma, and yuzu.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2009

Three experiments were conducted to determine the conversion rate of formic and acetic acids into methane in the gastrointestinal tracts of geese. In experiment I, two sets of two 4-month-old male White Roman geese were allocated to one of two treatment groups. Each set of geese was inoculated either with formic acid or with phosphate buffer solution (PBS). After the acid or the PBS was inoculated into the esophagi of the geese, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 4 h in order to determine methane production rate. In experiment II and III, 6- and 7-wk-old male White Roman goslings were used, respectively. Birds were allocated to receive either formic acid or PBS solution injected into the ceca in experiment II. Acetic acid or PBS solution injected into the cecum were used for experiment III. After either the acids or the PBS solution were injected into the cecum, two birds from each treatment were placed in a respiratory chamber as a measurement unit for 3 h; each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results indicated that formic acid inoculated into the oesophagi of geese was quickly converted into methane. Compared with the PBS-injected group, methane production increased by 5.02 times in the formic acid injected group (4.32 vs. 0.86 mg/kg BW/d; p<0.05). Acetic acid injected into the ceca did not increase methane production; conversely, it tended to decrease methane production. The present study suggests that formic acid may be converted to methane in the ceca, and that acetic acid may not be a precursor of methane in the ceca of geese.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1975

It is the purpose of this paper to design the most preferable method of erythropoietin bioassay in Korea. Bioassay utilizing polycythemic mice are currently in general use for the indirect determination of erythropoietin. Assay animals are usually prepared either by transfusion or by exposure to reduced oxygen tension in specially constructed chamber. We prepared the polycythemic, mice by the specially constructed hypobaric chamber. We observed weights and hematocrits of the mice in the hypobaric chamber, then hematocrits and 72 hours $^{59}Fe$ red cell upatke ratio of the polycythemic mice induced by hypoxia after removal from the hypobaric chamber. We designed the method of erythropoietin bioassay according to the results obtained by above experiments. Then we measured the 72 hours $^{59}Fe$ red cell uptake ratio of the polycythemic mice with normal saline, normal plasma and anemic plasma according to the method we designed. The results are followed: 1. The hematocrits of the mice in hypobaric chamber increased to 74% in 14 days It is preferable to maintain the pressure of the chamber to 400mmHg for first 4 days then 300mmHg for last 10 days to reduce the death rate and time consuming in hypobaric chamber. 2. After removal from the hypobaric chamber, the 72 hours $^{59}Fe$ red cell uptake ratio decreased rapidly and maintained the lowest level from the fourth day to tenth day. 3. We design the method of erythropoietin bioassay according to the results of above experiment and to the half life of erythropoietin. 4. The Korean product S9Fe is mixture of $^{59}Fe\;and\;^{55}Fe$. And the $^{59}Fe$ red cell uptake ratio in normal mice was far less with Korean product $^{59}Fe$ than with pure $^{59}Fe$ of foreign product. So it is desirable to use pure $^{59}Fe$ in this method of erythropoietin bioassay. 5. Considering the cost, the technique, the time consuming and the sensitivity it is the most preferable method of erythropoietin bioassay in Korea using hypobaric chamber to induce the polycythemia.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

This study examined the contaminated soils with an indicator of TPH using SVE (Soil Vapor Extraction) and biological treatments. Their results are as follows. Water content in the polluted soils slowly decreased from 15% during the initial experimental condition to 10% during the final condition. Purification of polluted soils by Bioventing system is likely to hinder the microbial activity due to decrease of water content. Removal rate of TPH in the upper reaction chamber was a half of initial removal rate at the 25th day of the experiment. The removal rate in the lower reaction chamber was 45% with concentration of 995.4 mg/kg. When the Bioventing is used the removal rate at the 14th day of the experiment was 53%, showing 7 day shortenting. Since the Bioventing method control the microbial activity due to dewatering of the polluted soil, SVE method is likely to be preferable to remove in-situ TPH. The reactor that included microbes and nutrients showed somewhat higher removal rate of TPH than the reactor that included nurtients only during experimental period. In general, the concentration showed two times peaks and then decreased, followed by slight variation of the concentration in low concentration levels. Hence, in contrast to SVE treatment, the biological treatment tend to show continuous repetitive peaks of concentration followed by concentration decrease.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.947-952
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze skin wettedness($w$) used as the rate index of thermal comfort, and to evaluate the wear comfort of outdoorwear. Skin wettedness is widely used to express the degree of thermal comfort. If skin wettedness exceeds a certain threshold, the body feels damp and discomfort. An experiment which consisted of rest(30 min), exercise(30 min) and recovery(20 min) periods was administered in a climate chamber with 10 healthy male participants. Two kinds of outdoorwears made of 100% cotton fabrics (Control) and specially engineered fabrics having feature of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabric (Functional) were evaluated in the experiment. The condition of climate chamber was controlled according to the thermal insulation of 4 kinds of experimental ensembles(E1~E4). Total sweat loss, sweat loss absorbed into clothing and skin temperature were measured. Skin wettedness was calculated from the ratio of evaporative rate to the maximal evaporative capacity. Skin wettedness of 'Functional' was lower than 'Control' in the 3 kinds of ensembles(E1, E2, E4) because the materials of 'Functional' were composed of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabrics, water vapour permeability and waterproof fabrics.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2008

In this research, combustion and spray characteristics were investigated experimentally in a constant volume chamber by applying bio-diesel fuel to a common-rail system in which precise control is available for utilizing environmentally friendly properties of bio-diesel fuel. The experiment was conducted at fuel temperatures $20^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ to investigate combustion characteristics of bio-diesel fuel provoking problems in fluidity specially in a low temperature. For the visualization, the experiment was carried out under various conditions of ambient pressure, injection pressure and fuel temperature. The test was made by three different types of diesel fuels, conventional diesel, BD20 and BD100. In summary, this research aims to investigate combustion characteristics in the application of bio-diesel fuels and compare the results with performance of conventional diesel fuel. This experimental data may provide fundamentals of spray and combustion of bio-diesel fuels at a low temperature and contribute to the development of bio-diesel engines in future.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

This paper is study on simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot for direct injection diesel engine using high and low cetane fuels. The stratified injection system was applied for diesel engine to use high and low cetane fuel. In this study, diesel fuel was used as high cetane fuels, methanol was used as low cetane fuels. Some parts of the injection system, ie. Nozzle holder. delivery vale, was remodeled to inject dual fuel sequentially from one injector. The leak injection quantity ratio of dual fuel was certificated by volumetric ratio at injection quantity experiment. According as concentration of low cetane fuel was varied, combustion experiment was performed using Toroidal and Complex chamber. Also, exhaust gas and fuel consumption were measured at the same time. Simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot was achieved at complex chamber regardless of concentration of low cetane fuel. However, according as concentration of low cetane fuel was increased, THC and CO was increased.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

This study was carried out to provide a valuable reference which could reduce heating loss of air-inflated double PO film. Therefore, this study was aimed to choose the best air space thickness and injected air temperature. The characteristics of heat transmission variation at experimental materials were measured and analysed in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted of two layers of PO film, each 0.15 mm tick, sandwiching 110, 175, 225 mm of inflated air with 1 m sides. Environmental control lab was constantly controlled with $-10^{\circ}C$ and experiment chamber was constantly changed with 0, 5, 10, $15^{\circ}C$. The analysis of heat transfer showed that heat transmission does not have a direct correlation with Air Space thickness and injected air temperature. But when inside and outside temperature difference of chamber was great, supply of outside air to Air Space had an advantage at reduction of heating load. It was required to examine accurate analysis at a real greenhouse.