• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2021

In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing and strict visitation policies at hospitals have made it difficult for medical staff to provide high-quality end-of-life (EOL) care to dying patients and their families. There are various issues related to EOL care, including psychological problems of patients and their families, difficulties in EOL decision-making, the complicated grief of the bereaved family, moral distress, and exhaustion of medical staff. In relation to these issues, we aimed to discuss practical considerations in providing high-quality EOL care in the COVID-19 pandemic. First, medical staff should discuss advance care planning as early as possible and use the parallel planning strategy. Second, medical staff should play a role in facilitating patient-family communication. Third, medical staff should actively and proactively evaluate and alleviate dying patients' symptoms using non-verbal communication. Lastly, medical staff should provide care for family members of the dying patient, who may be particularly vulnerable to post-bereavement problems in the COVID-19 era. Establishing a system of screening high-risk individuals for complicated grief and connecting them to bereavement support services might be considered. Despite the challenging and limited environment, providing EOL care is essential for patients to die with dignity in peace and for the remaining family to return to life after the loved one's death. Efforts considering the practical issues faced by all medical staff and healthcare institutions caring for dying patients should be made.

• 한국정보기술학회논문지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2019

도로 포장면의 크랙(crack)은 도로포장 구조의 열화를 입증하는 중요한 신호와 증상이다. 카메라 영상기반 도로포장 크랙 탐지는 강도 비균질성, 위상 복잡성, 낮은 대조도 및 노이즈성의 텍스처 배경 때문에 어려운 문제이다. 본 논문은 흑백영상에 대하여 깊은 신경망(DNN)에 기반하여 픽셀수준의 도로 크랙 탐지 및 분할 문제에 대해 다룬다. 변형된 U-net 네트워크와 고수준 특징 네트워크를 포함하는 새로운 DNN 구조를 제안한다. 본 연구의 중요 기여는 융합 층을 통해 공급되는 이들 네트워크의 결합 방법이다. 우리가 아는 한, 본 연구는 보도블럭 크랙 분할 및 탐지 문제를 결합을 소개한 최초의 논문이다. 크랙 탐지 및 분할의 시스템 성능은 새로운 구조를 사용하여 급격히 향상되었다. 제안된 시스템을 2개의 공개 데이터셋­크랙 포레스트 데이터셋(CFD)와 AigleRN 데이터셋­에 대하여 구현하고 평가하였다. 본 논문의 시스템은 여덟 가지의 최신 알고리즘과 같은 데이터셋으로 실험을 하였을 때, 가장 뛰어난 결과를 보여주었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Early detection continues to be the mainstay of breast cancer control as well as the improvement of its treatment. Even so, the absence of cancer symptoms at the onset has early detection quite challenging. Therefore, various researchers continue to focus on cancer as a topic of health to try and make improvements from the perspectives of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This research's chief goal is development of a system with deep learning for classification of the breast cancer as non-malignant and malignant using mammogram images. The following two distinct approaches: the first one with the utilization of patches of the Region of Interest (ROI), and the second one with the utilization of the overall images is used. The proposed system is composed of the following two distinct stages: the pre-processing stage and the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) building stage. Of late, the use of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms has accomplished a lot of progress in resolving these problems. Teaching-Learning Based Optimization algorithm (TIBO) meta-heuristic was originally employed for resolving problems of continuous optimization. This work has offered the proposals of novel methods for training the Residual Network (ResNet) as well as the CNN based on the TLBO and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The classification of breast cancer can be enhanced with direct application of the hybrid TLBO- GA. For this hybrid algorithm, the TLBO, i.e., a core component, will combine the following three distinct operators of the GA: coding, crossover, and mutation. In the TLBO, there is a representation of the optimization solutions as students. On the other hand, the hybrid TLBO-GA will have further division of the students as follows: the top students, the ordinary students, and the poor students. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed hybrid TLBO-GA is more effective than TLBO and GA.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2021

Background and objective: Understanding abstract art as an art form requires depth of thought. Moreover, understanding land art as abstract art is challenging, given its focus on the minimalism and abstract concepts. Much focus, research, and work were actively conducted in the 1970s, as it represented an abstract expression of minimalism. The characteristics of minimalism connote abstract meanings in the use of materials. Nevertheless, the original research of works or artists has often been mentioned, but few studies have analyzed the abstract language of land art materials. The aim of this study is to thus determine the abstract meanings of materials in land art from the 1970s to the 2010s. Methods: Art-based research was employed to address the aim. This study classified the land art materials into intangible and tangible materials, where intangible materials focused on lines, circles, and labyrinths, and tangible materials focused on the earth, stones, wood, and snow. Results: Intangible and tangible materials of land art conveyed various abstract meanings. Intangible materials were reflective of connection and symbiosis with nature, delivering abstract languages of 'take-nothing,' 'reflection' and 'opportunity.' Tangible materials reflected the abstract concepts of 'intervention,' 'resistance,' 'unliving,' and 'change,' and conveyed caveats. In other words, taken together, intangible and tangible materials were presented in symbiosis-and with caveats-and delivered messages for the present and the future. Interestingly, intangible materials inherently reflect symbiosis and communicate caveats in works based on a non-contextualized present and future. Conclusion: Interpretation of the abstract languages derived from intangible and tangible materials could imply a symbiosis between humans and nature, while conveying the message that caveats, to humans, are still ongoing. This relationship plays a significant role in an artist's selection of a medium, which is reflective of abstract beliefs reflected in contemporary, nature-based works created on Earth.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.3991-4010
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• 2021

The Question Similarity Measurement of Chinese Crop Diseases and Insect Pests (QSM-CCD&IP) aims to judge the user's tendency to ask questions regarding input problems. The measurement is the basis of the Agricultural Knowledge Question and Answering (Q & A) system, information retrieval, and other tasks. However, the corpus and measurement methods available in this field have some deficiencies. In addition, error propagation may occur when the word boundary features and local context information are ignored when the general method embeds sentences. Hence, these factors make the task challenging. To solve the above problems and tackle the Question Similarity Measurement task in this work, a corpus on Chinese crop diseases and insect pests(CCDIP), which contains 13 categories, was established. Then, taking the CCDIP as the research object, this study proposes a Chinese agricultural text similarity matching model, namely, the AgrCQS. This model is based on mixed information extraction. Specifically, the hybrid embedding layer can enrich character information and improve the recognition ability of the model on the word boundary. The multi-scale local information can be extracted by multi-core convolutional neural network based on multi-weight (MM-CNN). The self-attention mechanism can enhance the fusion ability of the model on global information. In this research, the performance of the AgrCQS on the CCDIP is verified, and three benchmark datasets, namely, AFQMC, LCQMC, and BQ, are used. The accuracy rates are 93.92%, 74.42%, 86.35%, and 83.05%, respectively, which are higher than that of baseline systems without using any external knowledge. Additionally, the proposed method module can be extracted separately and applied to other models, thus providing reference for related research.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

치간유두의 Connective Tissue Graft (CTG)는 좁은 공간 때문에 아주 까다롭다. 그래서 치간유두의 재생은 아주 도전적인 과제라고 생각한다. 이렇게 인접치와의 좁은공간에서 잇몸이식은 아주어렵지만, 3mm의 공간을 만들 수 있다면 CTG는 그렇게 어렵지 않다. 그래서 교정력을 이용하여 임시적으로 3mm의 공간을 만들어 주고 잇몸이식을 진행하였다. CTG는 마이크로블레이드를 이용하여 치은박리를 시행하였고, 치아사이의 공간에 수직절개를 만들어 그곳을 이용해서 결합조직을 이식하였다. 유지기간후에 교정력을 이용해 다시 치아사이의 공간을 모아서 치아를 배열하였다. 이 방법을 통해 치아사이의 치간유두를 재생하였고 이 술식을 이름을 ELSA (Enlargement of space - Labial graft - Squeezing - for Augmentation of papilla)로 이름지었다. 치주질환 등으로 치간유두가 소실된 경우, ELSA technique을은 치간유두를 재생하는 아주 효과적인 방법이다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.732-737
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• 2009

Due to various project delivery methods and the complexity of construction projects in the construction industry, developing the framework of construction management for critical, highly complex projects in the construction industry has become problematic. Currently, a set of construction manuals play a pivotal role in planning and managing construction projects as subcontractors try to complete their scope of work according to the instructions of a general contractor. It is challenging for general contractors to write a construction management procedure manual to cover various types of project delivery methods and construction projects. In construction, the construction procedure manuals describe specific actions to be taken through the project. In reality a few contactors own such manuals and their construction schedules include more construction operation activities. Thus, it is hard to estimate the workload and productivity of construction managers because the manual and the schedule do not present the amount of management efforts required to complete a project. This paper proposes a framework to present construction management tasks according to project delivery methods which can be applied to various construction projects. Actions for management tasks were mapped and were integrated with construction activities throughout the project life cycle. The framework can then be used to give specific instructions to project participants, collect management actions, and replicate management actions throughout the project life cycle. The framework can also be can used to visualize complete construction project to analyze and manage construction management activities in each phase of a project in order to enhance productivity and efficiency. The studies of existing construction manuals were carried out to identify construction managers' responsibilities. An artificial intelligence program, CLIPS (C-Language Integrated Production System) was used to search for appropriate actions for impending tasks from a set of predefined actions to be performed for a given situation. The framework would significantly help construction managers to understand interrelations among management tasks or actions within a project. Furthermore, the framework can be embedded into Building Information Modeling (BIM) or Facility Management Systems (FMS) so that designers and constructors would execute constructability review before construction begins.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2188-2208
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• 2023

Quality of Service (QoS) is a critical feature of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with routing algorithms. Data packets are moved between cluster heads with QoS using a number of energy-efficient routing techniques. However, sustaining high scalability while increasing the life of a WSN's networks scenario remains a challenging task. Thus, this research aims to develop an energy-balancing component that ensures equal energy consumption for all network sensors while offering flexible routing without congestion, even at peak hours. This research work proposes a Gravitational Blackhole Search Optimised splay tree routing framework. Based on the splay tree topology, the routing procedure is carried out by the suggested method using three distinct steps. Initially, the proposed GBSO decides the optimal route at initiation phases by choosing the root node with optimum energy in the splay tree. In the selection stage, the steps for energy update and trust update are completed by evaluating a novel reliance function utilising the Parent Reliance (PR) and Grand Parent Reliance (GPR). Finally, in the routing phase, using the fitness measure and the minimal distance, the GBSO algorithm determines the best route for data broadcast. The model results demonstrated the efficacy of the suggested technique with 99.52% packet delivery ratio, a minimum delay of 0.19 s, and a network lifetime of 1750 rounds with 200 nodes. Also, the comparative analysis ensured that the suggested algorithm surpasses the effectiveness of the existing algorithm in all aspects and guaranteed end-to-end delivery of packets.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.563-570
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• 2022

Industrialized and modular construction is a growing construction technique that can transfer a large portion of the construction process to off-site fabrication yards. This method of construction often involves the fabrication, pre-assembly, and transportation of massive and long volumetric modules. The module weight keeps increasing as the modules become more complete (with infill) to minimize the work at the site and, as higher productivity can be achieved at the fabrication shop. Thus, a volumetric module delivery gets more challenging and risky. Despite its importance, past research paid relatively insufficient attention to the problem related to the lifting of heavy modules. This can be a complex and time-consuming problem with multiple lifting for transportation-and-installation operations both in fabrication yard and jobsite, and require complex crane operations (sometimes, more than one crane) due to crane load capacity and load balance/stability. This study investigates this problem by focusing on the structural perspective of lifting such long volumetric modules through simulation studies. Various scenarios of lifting a weighty module from the top using four lifting cables attached to crane hooks (either a single crane or double crane) are simulated in SAP software. The simulations account for various factors pertaining to structural indices, e.g., bending stress and deflection, to identify a proper method of module lifting from a structural point of view. The method can identify differences in structural indices allowing identification of structural efficiency and safety levels during lifting, which further allows the selection of the number of cranes and location of lifting points.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.275-292
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• 2023

Nanotechnology in the food industry can increase the effectiveness of food ingredients. Nanotechnology can increase the bioavailability and absorption of bioactive compounds, enhance their stability, and improve the sensory quality of the product. Processed meat products are easily damaged due to bacterial activity. Advanced nanoemulsions as a meat preservative are nanoemulsions that can be used as preservative agents in meat products, particularly essential oil nanoemulsions, due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Its application is still limited to foods made from meat products. Therefore, this literature review examines nanoemulsion and its application in meat products and functionality improvement. Also, in the future, nanoemulsions in meat products must be made safe, and the government and businesses must work together to build consumer trust. It can be concluded that essential oil-based nanoemulsion has the potential to be used as an additive in meat products because it can kill bacteria, fight free radicals, improve flavor, and keep food fresh. Nanoemulsion is challenging in the meat industry because it can be toxic due to its tiny droplets (under 200 nm).