• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

Food allergies play an important role in Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Dietary manipulation is essential in the management of AD. However, there has been a paucity of data reporting the prevalence of food allergies in AD patients in Korea. In this study, the Food Open Challenge Tests (FOCT) were conducted to investigate food allergies in AD patients. The skin-prick test and the detection of specific IgE, as well as allergy history of patient were used to detect food allergies in all AD patients. Elimination diet was conducted for two weeks prior to FOCTs. The prevalence of food allergies by FOCT is as follows: milk (67.3%); chicken (64.2%); pork (62.8%); eggs (61.0%); beef(55.4%) ; wheat (52.0%) and soybean (45.2%). Allergenic food items in Korean AD patients were different from people in other foreign countries. The seven major foods those tested positively by FOCTs were completely eliminated from the replaced diets for two weeks, and were subsequently reintroduced one at a time. Results from FOCTs were not comparable with allergy history or skin-prick tests or specific IgE detection. The sensitivity and specificity of skin-prick tests and specific IgE detection were lower than FOCTs. Allergy history, skin-prick tests, and specific IgE detection are useful for the identification of food allergen but its clinical significance differed according to food items. Therefore, we conclude that even though a 10-day delay was necessary after food challenge, FOCT is a useful and valid method to confirm food allergies and may be essential for the effective control of food allergies for treatment of AD.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2009

Recently rapid environmental changes due to desertification and industrialization in China make a threat to Korea, especially during Asian Dust Event (ADE). This study was aimed to compare symptoms and behaviors related to ADE between Korea and China. We conducted questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and behaviors before and during ADE. Korean and Chinese subjects were grouped into children, adults, and elderly by nation (n=791). Statistical analyses were performed by $X^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test and chow's test for comparing differences between Korean and Chinese. We estimated the odds ratio for perceived symptoms during ADE by preventive behavior, using Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE). The study indicated that there were significant differences between symptoms in Korea and those in China such as cold, cough, and sore throat, especially in elderly. Preventive behaviors such as avoiding outdoor activity and wearing sunglasses were more often performed in China than Korea. However wearing mask was more often performed in Korea than China. After adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and smoking status, the odds ratio (OR) of dry cough symptom in Korea was significantly decreased by closing the windows and wearing a mask during ADE. In China, the OR of dry cough symptom was decreased by wearing a mask and avoiding outdoor activity. We found that China which had higher performance of preventive behavior showed lower prevalence of symptoms during ADE than Korea. Also preventive behaviors could affects prevalence of symptoms during ADE. This results suggest that preventive behavior. could reduce symptoms during ADE and there are needed for. more attentions to reduce a threat of ADE.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is still a challenge. A systematic literature search was performed using Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials for the diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Since none of the symptoms of CMPA is specific and since there is no sensitive diagnostic test (except a challenge test), the diagnosis of CMPA remains difficult. A "symptom-based score" is useful in children with symptoms involving different organ systems. The recommended dietary treatment is an extensive cow milk based hydrolysate. Amino acid based formula is recommended in the most severe cases. However, soy infant formula and hydrolysates from other protein sources (rice) are gaining popularity, as they taste better and are cheaper than the extensive cow's milk based hydrolysates. Recent meta-analyses confirmed the safety of soy and estimate that not more than 10-15% of CMPA-infants become allergic to soy. An accurate diagnosis of CMA is still difficult. The revival of soy and the development of rice hydrolysates challenge the extensive cow's milk based extensive hydrolysates as first option and amino acid formula.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1994

As a part of the safety evaluation of Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101), antigenicity tests were carried out in guinea pigs and mice. In active systemic anaphylaxis(ASA) test, guinea pigs showed no sign or only moderate sign(1/5) when sensitized and challenged with up to 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. In homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) test using guinea pigs, inoculation of CFC-101 alone did not produce CFC-101-specific antibody. When inoculated with 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg plus adjuvant, challenge of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg produced PCA titer of 32(5/5) but challenge of 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg did not produce CFC-101-specific antibody. In heterologous PCA test using mice, CFC-101-specific antibody was not detected when sensitized with CFC-101 alone. Some animals(3/12) showed positive PCA response when inoculated with 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg plus alum. In passive hemagglutination (PHA) test, although no antibody was detected at 20 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, inoculation of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg alone or with alum produced positive response in all animals. This result has already been predicted because CFC-101 is a vaccine developed for the purpose of immunization. From the above results, it can be concluded that there is no adverse antigenic potential up to 10 times clinical dose of 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4742-4770
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• 2019

Cloud computing provides a broad range of services like operating systems, hardware, software and resources. Availability of these services encourages data owners to outsource their intensive computations and massive data to the cloud. However, considering the untrusted nature of cloud server, it is essential to encrypt the data before outsourcing it to the cloud. Unfortunately, this leads to a challenge when it comes to providing search functionality for encrypted data located in the cloud. To address this challenge, this paper presents a public key encryption with equality test for heterogeneous systems (PKE-ET-HS). The PKE-ET-HS scheme simulates certificateless public encryption with equality test (CLE-ET) with the identity-based encryption with equality test (IBE-ET). This scheme provides the authorized cloud server the right to actuate the equivalence of two messages having their encryptions performed under heterogeneous systems. Basing on the random oracle model, we construct the security of our proposed scheme under the bilinear Diffie-Hellman (BDH) assumption. Eventually, we evaluate the size of storage, computation complexities, and properties with other related works and illustrations indicate good performance from our scheme.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2022

This study proposed a soft skill integration activity for online EFL classrooms and investigated student responses. Toward this end, this study recruited 54 college students taking an English Presentation and Discussion class in South Korea. Participants were assigned into high and low-proficiency groups based on the Test of English for International Communication. This study employed questionnaire, class video recordings, and interview to obtain responses. Moreover, problem-based learning with challenge questions was applied to develop soft skills in online synchronous classes. Responses were examined in terms of whether a difference existed according to English proficiency. Major findings of this study were as follows. Regardless of proficiency levels, participants reported improvements in their IT and problem-solving skills and exhibited positive attitudes toward live online presentations via Zoom. However, this study observed significant differences in communication and teamwork skills, perceived learning, and confidence. Interviews with students with low English proficiency levels revealed that they were negatively affected by the lack of non-verbal cues, mechanical skills, and socialization time provided by online classes. Based on these results, pedagogical implications and directions for future studies are discussed.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

SW 교육의 중요성이 증대되면서 학생들의 컴퓨팅 사고력 향상을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 비버챌린지 2018 체험하기와 도전하기 그룹III의 과제를 초등학교 5학년 55명을 대상으로 실시한 후 평균점수 비교, 스마트폰 보유여부, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도, 학업능력 요소와의 관련성 등을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 체험하기 점수에 비해 도전점수의 평균, 정답률, 난이도별 정답률 모두 높아졌고, 컴퓨터 친숙도, 인내심, 집중도가 높을수록 도전점수가 높아졌지만, 스마트폰 보유여부와 학업능력 요소는 점수에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한, 난이도가 어려운 과제에서는 인내심 요소가, 난이도가 보통인 과제에서는 컴퓨터 친숙도 요소가, 난이도가 쉬운 과제에서는 집중도 요소가 점수에 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서, 추후 분석대상과 그룹 범위를 넓혀 평가영역도 추가하여 분석할 필요가 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.1-29
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서 마음상태와 플레이(play)가 하는 역할과 그 결과를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 선행요인인 도전감 및 숙련도의 조합에 따른 마음상태를 측정하고, 플레이를 플로우 4경로모형에 투입하여 플로우이론에서 가설적으로 제시하고 있는 마음상태와 플레이의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 또한 플로우와 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향도 분석하였다. 가설검정 결과에서는 첫째, 도전감과 숙련도의 조합에 따라 플로우, 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 마음상태가 형성되는 것이 확인되었다. 그러나 두려움의 수준은 도전감과 숙련도가 모두 가장 낮은 무관심집단에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이런 결과는 플로우이론의 설명과 일치하지 않는데, 무관심집단은 두려움으로 인해 온라인 쇼핑을 회피하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 둘째, 도전감과 숙련도에 따라 구분된 집단 간에 플레이 수준에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 플레이는 플로우에 대해서는 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 지루함에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 두려움과 무관심에 대해서는 부(-)의 영향효과가 유의적이지 않았다. 넷째, 플레이와 플로우는 웹충성도에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부정적 마음상태인 두려움, 지루함, 무관심은 웹충성도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 플레이의 웹충성도에 대한 영향은 부정적 마음상태에서 강화되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 플로우 4경로모형에서의 마음상태를 확인하기 위해 이를 측정할 수 있는 척도를 개발하여 사용하였다. 마음상태별로 수립한 4개의 구조방정식 모형을 통해 플로우 뿐만 아니라 두려움, 지루함, 무관심의 부정적 마음상태에서 발생하는 영향관계를 종합적으로 입증하였다. 이런 결과는 부정적 마음상태의 영향을 확인하였다는 점에서 이론발전에 기여하였다고 본다. 또한, 플로우모형에서 플레이의 역할을 규명하였다는 점에서도 의미가 있다. 본 연구는 실무적으로도 인터넷 소비자들의 마음상태에 따른 시장세분화와 플레이를 활용한 마케팅전략수립에 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to investigate differences in the sensitizing potential of Rhus Veniciflua(Rhus-II), when tested by the guinea pig maximization test(GPMT) and Freund's complete adjuvant test(FCAT) with an identical, intradermal induction concentration. A new grading classification of the sensitization potential is proposed. The GPMT was conducted according to OECD guideline $\#406$, using a multiple-dose design and test results were analysed with logistic regression analysis. During the induction stage, we injected intradermally each three site 0.1 ml(l mg/animal) test material, 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant and 0.lml the test agent emulsified in the adjuvant. 7 days later, we induced weak sensitization with $10\%$ sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) and applide 1ml(l0mg/animal) test agent topically on the same site and made a tight occlusion. 14 days later we challenged with 1 ml(l 0mg/animal) of test material on the flank and observed ant 24 hours and 48 hours later. The results were also observed $0\%$ at 24 hours challenge. The results observed 48 hours after challenge were the identical. These data indicated that, although Rhus-II is a no contact allergen. It was reported that the skin sensitization by Rhus-II was not detected the skin sensitization in the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). Consequently, it was confirmed that Rhus-II had no contact allergic sensitization in guinea pig maximization test.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2002

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.