• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2005

If remodeling is defined as activities that restore the overall function of a building up to the standards currently demanded rather than as a simple replacement or repair of old facilities and equipment, the main task of remodeling should be the reduction in differences between areas, establishment of a functional linkage between departments and setup of a smooth circulation system. Therefore, this study is an analysis of remodeling strategies and construction processes to resolve major tasks of remodeling. Through this research we acquire concluding remarks. 1) The remodeling strategies of equipment-intensive areas can be divided into two measures: utilizing the existing buildings (the main buildings) the most, and of concentrated relocation in the new buildings. The former method is advantageous in that the main building serves as a center in hospital layouts because concentrated placement of the diagnosis/ treatment area and the supply area benefit the overall operation in terms of functions. However, the measure has limits in that it is difficult to install the facilities and equipment of the new demands due to the low ceilings, which serve as a potential challenge in future growth and changes. 2) The latter measure is the one in which equipment-intensive areas and the areas that are absolutely short of space are first placed in the new buildings while other areas (the outpatient area, the administration area and the miscellaneous areas) are in the existing building (main building). Given the possibility of development In the future, concentrated placement in the new buildings can be said to be more effective order to actively address future growth and changes.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-69
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• 2014

The groundwater has been a major source of water supply throughout the ages. Around 50% of the rural as well as urban population in the developing countries like India depends on groundwater for drinking. The groundwater is also an important source in the agriculture and industrial sector. In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use and contamination. A good planning and management practices are needed to face this challenge. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface environment. It is obvious that the contaminant source activities cannot be completely eliminated and perhaps our water bodies will continue to serve as receptors of vast quantities of waste. In such a scenario, the goal of water quality protection efforts must necessarily be the control and management of these sources to ensure that released pollutants will be sufficiently attenuated within the region of interest and the quality of water at points of withdrawal is not impaired. In order to understand the behaviour of contaminant transport through different types of media, several researchers are carrying out experimental investigations through laboratory and field studies. Many of them are working on the analytical and numerical studies to simulate the movement of contaminants in soil and groundwater of the contaminant transport. With the advent of high power computers especially, a numerical modelling has gained popularity and is indeed of particular relevance in this regard. This paper provides the state of the art of contaminant transport and reviews the allied research works carried out through experimental investigation or using the analytical solution and numerical method. The review involves the investigation in respect of both, saturated and unsaturated, porous media.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 2017

By piling up hidden layers in artificial neural networks, deep learning is delivering outstanding performances for high-level abstraction problems such as object/speech recognition and natural language processing. Alternatively, deep-learning users often struggle with the tremendous amounts of time and resources that are required to train deep neural networks. To alleviate this computational challenge, many approaches have been proposed in a diversity of areas. In this work, two of the existing Apache Spark-based acceleration frameworks for deep learning (SparkNet and DeepSpark) are compared and analyzed in terms of the training accuracy and the time demands. In the authors' experiments with the CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 benchmark datasets, SparkNet showed a more stable convergence behavior than DeepSpark; but in terms of the training accuracy, DeepSpark delivered a higher classification accuracy of approximately 15%. For some of the cases, DeepSpark also outperformed the sequential implementation running on a single machine in terms of both the accuracy and the running time.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.88-97
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• 2016

Aesthetics can be affected by the interest and the trend of the time. There are the limits of the equipment and materials required for the times, aesthetic case is also considered necessary to overcome them and will introduce the following case in accordance with the patients demands and circumstances. I hope the further development of CAD/CAM by taking over the things have done in the analogue by utilizing the latest technology that is thought to challenge the current limit itself is important. Digital has the advantages in various perspectives. Especially, I am very interested in as related to "digital communication." In particular, when utilizing the data using intra oral scanner can easily direct converse about prosthesis between the dentist and the dental technician through a software program Now, as the digital communication affects the integrity of the prosthesis directly, I had a expectation of a new era for the prosthetic and aesthetics. In this case report, I would like to introduce direct and real digital communication through the following 2 parts.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.1135-1140
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• 2016

The main challenge in designing wearable WBANs is to guarantee the balance of QoS demands in the network with the low power constraints of limited battery powered nodes. Low power devices implanted in or attached to the body should be designed to meet minimum energy requirements due to their limited battery life and be small in size to be easily wearable. In this paper, we propose a method for optimizing channel allocation method that is compatible with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, enables the maximum amount of power charge at idle, guarantees the QoS of a WBAN, and provides the reliable date transmission between nodes and hubs in the network. Our extensive simulations will show that the method we propose not only maximizes the QoS in packet transmission but also improves the level of energy efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.709-730
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• 2017

To address the challenge of unprecedented growth in mobile data traffic, ultra-dense network deployment is a cost efficient solution to offload the traffic over some small cells. The overlapped coverage areas of small cells create more than one candidate access points for one mobile user. Signal strength based user association in IEEE 802.11 results in a significantly unbalanced load distribution among access points. However, the effective bandwidth demand of each user actually differs vastly due to their different preferences for mobile applications. In this paper, we formulate a set of non-linear integer programming models for joint user association control and user demand guarantee problem. In this model, we are trying to maximize the system capacity and guarantee the effective bandwidth demand for each user by soft-association control with a software defined network controller. With the fact of NP-hard complexity of non-linear integer programming solver, we propose a Kernighan Lin Algorithm based graph-partitioning method for a large-scale network. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the proposed algorithm for the edge users with heterogeneous bandwidth demands and mobility scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive soft-association control can achieve a better performance than the other two and improves the individual quality of user experience with a little price on system throughput.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.357-367
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• 2015

With the ongoing development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms and advancements in the latest bioinformatics tools at an unprecedented pace, the ultimate goal of sequencing the human genome for less than $1,000 can be feasible in the near future. The rapid technological advances in NGS have brought about increasing demands for statistical methods and bioinformatics tools for the analysis and management of NGS data. Even in the early stages of the commercial availability of NGS platforms, a large number of applications or tools already existed for analyzing, interpreting, and visualizing NGS data. However, the availability of this plethora of NGS data presents a significant challenge for storage, analyses, and data management. Intrinsically, the analysis of NGS data includes the alignment of sequence reads to a reference, base-calling, and/or polymorphism detection, de novo assembly from paired or unpaired reads, structural variant detection, and genome browsing. While the NGS technologies have allowed a massive increase in available raw sequence data, a number of new informatics challenges and difficulties must be addressed to improve the current state and fulfill the promise of genome research. This review aims to provide an overview of major NGS technologies and bioinformatics tools for NGS data analyses.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

Recently, the games on the market are getting rich and excellent in the category of design and productions. The style and production quality of cut-scenes also have achieved a continuous development, so how to stand out from multiple designs and gain popularity always acts as a challenge to designers. However, such design strategy up to developers will be failed to judge whether or not design achievements are loved by players and thus cannot meet rapidly changing market demands on both in a quantity and quality. Therefore, this study holds that cut-scene design for video games must set out from user-centered design(UCD). According to literatures with respect to product market, we know that Market Pull imposes far more impacts on success in bringing new products to the market than the technology Push, hence players actually determines the success of a game in competitive game market. This study will help to enhance the immersion of playing game, including the interest and standing out the designer's message without distorting the original impression in the game publishing environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.1A
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• pp.80-88
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• 2002

Visual media(image, graphic, and video) processing poses challenge from several perpectives, specifically from the point of view of real-time implementation and scalability. There have been several approaches to obtain speedups to meet the computing demands in multimedia processing ranging from media processors to special purpose implementations. A variety of parallel processing strategies are adopted in these implementations in order to achieve the required speedups. We have investigated a parallel processing system for improving the processing speed o f visual media related applications. The parallel processing system we proposed is similar to a pipelined memory stystem(MAMS). The multi-access memory system is made up of m memory modules and a memory controller to perform parallel memory access with a variety of combinations of 1${\times}$pq, pq${\times}$1, and p${\times}$q subarray, which improves both cost and complexity of control. Facial recognition, Phong shading, and automatic segmentation of moving object in image sequences are some that have been applied to the parallel processing system and resulted in faithful processing speed. This paper describes the parallel processing systems for the speedup and its utilization to three time-consuming applications.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 2009

By providing ubiquitous Internet connectivity, wireless networks offer more convenient ways for users to surf the Internet. However, wireless networks encounter more technological challenges than wired networks, such as bandwidth, security problems, and handoff latency. Thus, this paper proposes new technologies to solve these problems. First, a Security Access Gateway (SAG) is proposed to solve the security issue. Originally, mobile terminals were unable to process high security calculations because of their low calculating power. SAG not only offers high calculating power to encrypt the encryption demand of SAG's domain, but also helps mobile terminals to establish a multiple safety tunnel to maintain a secure domain. Second, Robust Header Compression (RoHC) technology is adopted to increase the utilization of bandwidth. Instead of Access Point (AP), Access Gateway (AG) is used to deal with the packet header compression and de-compression from the wireless end. AG's high calculating power is able to reduce the load on AP. In the original architecture, AP has to deal with a large number of demands by header compression/de-compression from mobile terminals. Eventually, wireless networks must offer users "Mobility" and "Roaming". For wireless networks to achieve "Mobility" and "Roaming," we can use Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) technology. Nevertheless, such technology might cause latency. Furthermore, how the security tunnel and header compression established before the handoff can be used by mobile terminals handoff will be another great challenge. Thus, this paper proposes to solve the problem by using Early Binding Updates (EBU) and Security Access Gateway (SAG) to offer a complete mechanism with low latency, low handoff mechanism calculation, and high security.