• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2018

Purpose: To measure the head tilting angle creating initial condylar cut-off and to find the head position inducing the superimposition of the cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus on panoramic radiograph. Materials and Methods: The panoramic radiographs were taken with Didactic skull on cervical spine model (Scientific GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) using Kodak 8000c Digital Panoramic radiography. For the inherent radiolucency of the plastic skull model, radiopaque 1 mm diameter lead wires were attached along the margin of the mandibular condyle, ramus, mandibular body, cervical vertebrae, and FH plane of the skull model. For measuring the head tilting angle creating the condylar head cutoff, panoramic radiographs were taken by tilting the FH plane downward in 5 degree increments. For finding the distance between transverse process of the third cervical vertebra and gonion inducing superimposition of cervical vertebrae on the mandibular ramus, panoramic radiographs were taken by decreasing the distance in 0.5 cm increments. Result and Conclusion: The condylar cutoff began to appear when the head of skull model was tilted downward by 15o. As the head tilting angle increasing, the condylar cutoff became more prominent. The superimposition of cervical vertebrae over the mandibular ramus began to appear when the distance between the gonion and third cervical vertebra was 1.0 cm. As the distance decreasing, the superimpostion became more prominent.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

경추 정면 방사선검사시 하악골, 후두골의 겹침방지, 경추 추체의 배열 및 관절의 형태 등을 관찰하기 위하여 X선 입사각을 머리 방향으로 $15{\sim}20^{\circ}$를 주고 있는 것이 보편적이다. 하지만 한국인의 체형에 맞는 입사각에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인에 적합한 입사각을 찾고, 방법을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 입사각을 측정하기 위하여 서산에 위치한 S병원을 내원한 환자 1,044명을 대상으로 하였으며, 제 2번~제 5번 경추의 길이, 피사체-영상판 거리(OID), 제2번경추(axis)의경사도, 초점-영상판 간거리(FID)를 측정하였으며, 연령대 성별에 대한 평균값을 측정하여 적용공식에 의하여 입사각을 산출하였다. 경추 제2번~제5번의 평균길이는 6cm 이였으며, 10대부터 20대까지는 경추의 길이가 커지고 30대 이후로는 경추의 길이가 작아졌으며, 남성과 여성의 차이는 약 1cm 차이가 나타났다(p<.001). OFD는 연령대, 성별과 상관없이 거의 같은 값이 측정이 되었다. 제2번 경추(axis)의 경사도는 10대와 20대는 경사도가 증가하였지만, 30대 이후로는 작게 나타났다. 또한 남성과 여성은 약 $2^{\circ}$차이가 났다(p<.001). FID의 측정 결과, 연령대, 성별과 상관없이 거의 같은 값이 측정되었으며, 이 값으로 입사각을 측정한 결과, 10대는 $15.9^{\circ}$, 20대 $16.9^{\circ}$, 30대 $16.6^{\circ}$, 40대 $16.2^{\circ}$, 50대 $15.9^{\circ}$, 60대 $14.5^{\circ}$로 측정되었다. 10대와 20대까지 입사각이 증가하였지만, 30대 부터는 입사각이 작게 나타났다. 또한 10대는 남성과 여성이 같은 값으로 측정이 되었고, 20대부터는 남성과 여성이 $2^{\circ}$ 차이가 나타났다. 입사각과 제 2번~제 5번 경추의 길이측정, OID, 제 2번 경추의 경사도, FID와의 상관관계를 실시하였고, 입사각과 모두 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다(p<.001). 본 연구에서 경추의 평균 길이, OID, FID, 제2번 경추(axis)의 경사도에 따라서 입사각이 다르게 나타났고, 성별과 연령에 따라 입사각이 다른 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 경추 정면검사 시 연령, 성별을 고려하여 입사각을 설정하면서 검사를 시행하여야 함이 사료되며, 향후 경추검사의 입사각을 설정할 때 참고 자료로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2000

Objectives : Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue(華佗夾脊穴) is the Jing-Wai-Qi-Xue(經外奇穴) that is widely used in clinic and effective in Acupuncture and Moxibustion. But the location, number, acupuncture method, clinical application of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue have not been explained clearly and consistently; moreover, studies or clinical reports about this are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the location, number, acupuncture method, clinical apptication of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. Methods : We investigated Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue through survey of 11 books and 26 relevant journals published in China Results : 1. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each vertebra. 2. There is differ as the number of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is 34, 48, 56, 58 in each documents. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue located in first, second cervical vertebra and first sacrum is low in application frequency, Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue located from third cervical vertebra to fourth lumbar vertebra is high in apptication frequency. Therefore, all of the acupoints located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) both sides of spinous process of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae are regarded as Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue in wide meaning. 3. There are Kou-Ci-Fa(叩刺法), Qian-Ci-Fa(淺刺法), Yan-Pi-Ci-Fa(沿皮刺法), Shen-Ci-Fa(深刺法) in acupuncture method of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. Acupuncturing depths, directions is differ in each location(cervical, thoracic, lumbar vertebra, sacrum) and have something to do with therapeutic effect of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue. The feeling that patient receive after acupuncture is the key to the treatment of disease. 4. The clinical application of each Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is mainly selected by distribution of meridians, nerve roots, vertebral segments which are attacked with a disease. The musculoskeletal diseases in treatment of disease by Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue are the most common as 12 cases. Second, there are many reports about nervous system diseases. In addition, good therapeutic results by application of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue are reported in some diseases, for instance, diseases of five viscera and six entrails, organ, tissue Conclusions : Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located in about 0.5 Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each cervical, thoracic lumbar and sacral vertebra. Therapeutic effect of Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue has something to do with acupuncturing depths, directions and feelings. Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is mainly selected by distribution of meridians, nerve roots, vertebral segments which are attacked with a disease and is mainly applied musculoskeletal diseases, nervous system diseases.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2024

Background: This study was to investigate effects of Correlation Analysis between Cervical-Vertebra Angle and Neck Range of Motion, Muscle Strength, Sternocleidomastoid Thickness of Patients with Forward Head Posture Design: Correlation Analysis. Methods: The subjects of this study were a total of 54 people in the forward head position and their ages were between 30 and 50 years old. The subjects cranio-vertebral angles, neck extension, neck flexion, neck rotation angles, neck flexor strength, neck extensor strength, sternocleidomastoid thickness were evaluated through measuring instruments. The thickness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was measured using an imaging ultrasound diagnostic device (ultra sound, Versana Premier, GE Medical systems, China). CVA was measured by measuring the side photo of the subject was taken with a camera and evaluated.. neck joint range of motion was measured through digital inclinometer for extension, flexion, and neck rotation. neck muscle strength was measured by measuring the using a digital sthenometer. Data analysis in this study was statistically processed using SPSS version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., USA). Correlation analysis was used and the statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The results neck extension(r= 0.70^**), neck flexion(r= 0.67^**), neck rotation(r= 0.56^**), neck extensor muscle strengt(r= 0.85^**), neck flexor muscle strength(r= 0.66^**), sternocleidomastoid thicknes(r= -0.81^**) It indicates that there is a correlation. Conclusion:These results improve the Cervical-vertebra angle of patients with forward head posture should include a program to improve the thickness of the SCM. In the future, study can be used as an evidentiary material for treatment interventions to improve the Cervical-vertebra angle of patients with forward head posture.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2006

In this study, a method measuring signal propagation direction in human body was developed by using passive electrical properties of the body. The measured method of the signal propagation direction is to apply basic characteristic of electricity to the human body; when a voltage is set to a conducted medium, according to the polarity of the conducted voltage, the voltage rising or drop is generated. And using this concept, it is able to estimate the direction of electrical signal on the human body. The passive electrical properties were measured and the direction of signal propagation was estimated on the followings; between the flexor carpi radialis, between arms, between legs, between an arm and a leg, between the cervical vertebra and the upper limb, between the sacral vertebra and the leg, between the cervical vertebra and the tendon of triceps brachii, and between the sacral vertebra and the calcaneal tendon. As the result of experiments, the passive electrical properties were increased from l[Hz] to 50[kHz] of the inputted frequencies and showed at saturating tendency after that. And also, the estimated signal propagation directions using the developed method in this study agreed with the expected directions exactly at each part of the human body.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1996

This study ws performed to investigate the relationship between cervical curvature and the spatial position of the posterior part of the atlas imaged in the lateral cephalograph. Sixty six patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) and twenty dental students were selected for patients group and control group, respectively. The average age of patients group was 26.3 years, and 24.9 years in control group. Measured variables were cervical depth, upper space between the atlas and the base of the occiput, lower space between the atlas and the spinous process of the axis, rea of the posterior part of the atlas imaged in the lateral cephalograph, and the cervical curvature passing through the uppermost point in dorsal side of Dens of the Axis to the lowermost and rearmost point of the 5th cervical vertebra. The reliability of the method used for measuring cervical curvature with curved ruler was also tested. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Cervical depth of patients group was 122.9mm and significantly shorter than that of control group, in which cervical depth was 131.9mm, and cervical depth was significantly correlated with other variables in all subjects. 2. Upper space was greater in patients group, but total space including upper and lower space showed no difference between the two groups. The average value of total space was 26.5mm. 3. Area of the posterior part of the atlas was 168.2$\textrm{mm}^2$ in patients group, and 186.5$\textrm{mm}^2$ in control group with significant difference between the two groups. 4. Average range of radius of cervical curvature were 33-40cm and there was no difference between the two groups. 5. There was no significant correlation between the cervical curvature and the area of the posterior arch of the atlas. 6. The method using curved ruler for measuring cervical curvature could be accepted as a reliable method.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

일반적으로 보존적 치료가 권장되는 융합척추환자 1례에 대한 흉추추나기법을 중심으로 한 한방치료 후 NRS, NDI 상 유의한 호전 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to explain that we can use cervical vertebral portion to treat low back pain. In oriental medicine, there are many methods that use remote point to reduce low back pain. Anatomically, cervical vertebral portion relates to lumbar and sacral vertebral portion. As a result, in oriental medicine clinic, we can treat cervical vertebral portion to reduce low back pain.

• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

구강내장치를 통한 자세조절훈련과 관련해 턱관절의 다차원적인 균형치료를 적용함에 따라 중쇠뼈 치돌기 및 가시돌기의 위치균형과 경추정렬이 변화되는 것이 방사선촬영상 실증적으로 관찰되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2009

We have analyzed the biomechanical characteristics of cervical spine after total disc replacement using finite element analysis. A finite element model of C2-C7 spinal motion segment was developed and validated by other experimental studies. Two types of artificial discs, semi-constraint and un-constraint, were inserted at C6-C7 segments. Inferior plane of C7 vertebra was fixed and 1Nm of moment were applied on superior plane of C2 vertebra with 50N of compressive load along follower load direction. Mobility of the cervical spine in which each artificial disc inserted was higher than that of intact one in all loading conditions. Also, high mobility at the surgical level after total disc replacement could lead higher facet joint force and ligaments axial stresses. The results of present study could be used to evaluate surgical option and validate the biomechanical characteristics of the implant in total disc replacement in cervical spine.