• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2004

The clinical features and therapeutic results of alopecia areata are variable and unpredictable. For example, genetic, psychic, immunologic factors are regarded as the reason of alopecia areata. For the relationship between alopecia and whiplash injury, Dr. Guun explained that whiplash injury by the traffic accident produces cervical muscle spasm, and it makes autonomic nerve change. The tropical changes accompanied with ischemic change of scalp vessels made by this mechanism cause alopecia areata. And Yesudian reported the case of scalp alopecia as the result of ischemic change following traffic accident. We have experienced a 25-year-old woman with Alopecia areata following whiplash injury by traffic accident, and who had no risk factor of it. The patient was treated by acupuncture and physical treatment. Her hair loss, cervical angle and pain were improved through acupuncture treatment. This case of alopecia areata following whiplash injury is uncommon, so we report the mechanism of it, but should collect more cases and observations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted for objective verification of effects of spiral taping therapy for the patients with motor disturbance. Methods : To verify whether spiral taping therapy is effective for treating motor disturbance from cervical sprain, 28 patients were randomly allocated into the control and experiment groups. Then 23 subjects who fulfilled the experiment requirements were measured for lateral rotation angle using the goniometer. Changes in rotation were observed and compared. Control group received acupuncture and herbal acupuncture treatment, whileas the experiment group received spiral taping therapy in addition. Results : Differences in age and the degree of motor disturbance were disregarded in comparison of the groups prior to rendering treatments. For the control group, significant changes were observed after the second treatment until the termination of treatment. For the experiment group, significant changes were observed after the first treatment until the termination of treatment. Difference between the groups was insignificant but experiment group with spiral taping therapy showed better results. Conclusion : Spiral taping therapy can be an effective complementary treatment method for treating neck motor disturbance. Further studies in the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete verification.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

Accessory cervical thymic tissue has been rarely reported. However, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of neck masses in children, along with branchial anomalies, lymph nodes and other tumors. This lesion occurs along the descending line of the thymus between the angle of mandible and superior mediastinum. A 2-month-old infant presented with an asymptomatic left sided neck mass. MRI revealed a well defined homogeneous mass in the deep lobe of left parotid gland. At operation, an easily identified soft tissue mass was found in the left submandibular area, measuring $3{\times}1.5cm$. It was completely excised. Microscopic examination revealed normal thymic tissue.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2010

Objective : Morphometric data on dorsal cervical anatomy were examined in an effort to protect the nerve root near the lateral mass during posterior foraminotomy. Methods : Using 25 adult formalin-fixed cadaveric cervical spines, measurements were taken at the lateral mass from C3 to C7 via a total laminectomy and a medial one-half facetectomy. The morphometric relationship between the nerve roots and structures of the lateral mass was investigated. Results from both genders were compared. Results : Following the total laminectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance from the medial point of the facet (MPF) of the lateral mass to the axilla of the root origin was 3.2-4.7 mm. The whole length of the exposed root had a mean of 4.2-5.8 mm. Following a medial onehalf facetectomy, from C3 to C7, the mean of the vertical distance to the axilla of the root origin was 2.1-3.4 mm, based on the MPF. Mean vertical distances from the MPF to the medial point of the root that crossed the inferior margin of the intervertebral disc were 1.2-2.7 mm. The mean distance of the exposed root was 8.2-9.0 mm, and the mean angle between the dura and the nerve root was significantly different between males and females, at $53.4-68.4^{\circ}$. Conclusion : These data will aid in reducing root injuries during posterior cervical foraminotomy.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to analyze the displacement and stress distribution in the mandible according to the pulling directions during mandibular first molar cervical traction after mandibular second molar extraction. The 3-dimensional finite element method(FEM) was used for a mathematical model composed of 594 elements and 1019 nodes. An orthodontic force, 450 gm, was applied to the each mandibular first molar in parallel, and below the occlusal plane by $7^{\circ}\;and\;25^{\circ}$ and meet the midsagittal plane by $40^{\circ}$ toward posterior direction. The results were as follows: 1. Mandibular teeth were displaced in more downward, posterior and lateral direction. Especially high stress was noted in case of parallel pull than in case of below the occlusal plane by $7^{\circ}\;and\;25^{\circ}$. 2. Mandibular first molar was moved bodily. 3. Generally, alveolar bone, mandibular body, ascending ramus and mandibular angle portion were displaced in downward, posterior and lateral direction. But coronoid process was displaced in downward, forward and lateral direction, and anterior and inner middle portion of condyle head and neck were displaced in downward, forward and medial direction, and posterior and outer middle portion of condyle head and neck were displaced in upward, forward and medial direction. 4. Maximum stress was observed at the condyle head and neck portion. With steeper direction of force, condyle head and neck showed more stress than parallel relation to the occlusal plane.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of dorsal neck muscle fatigue on the cervical range of motion (CROM) and proprioception in adults with the forward head posture (FHP). Methods: Thirty pain-free subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects were measured the forward head angle by taking the capture of the sagittal plane of their upper body to determine the FHP. Subjects were distributed into two groups: the FHP group (n=14) and Control group (n=16). All subjects were measured the CROM and the Head repositioning accuracy (HRA) for joint proprioception before and after inducing muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. The CROM and HRA were measured in neck flexion, extension, right-left lateral flexion, and right-left rotation. Sorenson's test was used to induce muscle fatigue of the dorsal neck. Results: Total CROMs were significantly decreased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in both groups (p<0.05). Total HRAs were significantly increased after dorsal neck muscle fatigue in the FHP group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the control group (p>0.05). Total CROM changes were not significant differences between groups (p>0.05), but total HRA changes were significant differences between groups (p<0.05) except for right and left lateral flexion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Immediate CROM and proprioception reduction after the dorsal neck muscle fatigue were observed in adults with the FHP. Therefore, FHP can significantly affect the CROM and positioning consistency of cervical proprioception.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2020

Background: Because a forward-leaning posture can cause increased back muscle activity and pain. Therefore, an innovative method to reduce back muscle activity and pain is required. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a head support on muscle activity and pain in a forward-leaning posture. Methods: A total of 14 male and 16 female students (average age, 21.65 ± 2.37 years; height, 166.15 ± 7.90 cm; and weight, 60.65 ± 9.00 kg) were recruited for the experiment. Two of them were excluded due to musculoskeletal disorders. The muscle activity and pain in the forward-leaning posture were assessed while participants washed dishes for 7 minutes with and without a head support. The condition of using a head support was randomly performed with a 5-minutes break. To confirm a lumbar flexion angle of 30° during the experiment, myoVIDEO was used, and surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity. Pain was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the data, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activities significantly decreased with the use of the head support, but there was no significant change in the gluteus maximus. There was a significant decrease in the VAS score for the lumbar erector spinae (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in the VAS score for the cervical region. Conclusion: The use of a head support in a forward-leaning posture reduced cervical, thoracic, and lumbar erector muscle activity and pain. Therefore, it could be recommended during working in a forward-leaning posture, such as during dishwashing, cooking, and working as a factory employee.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the topographical relationship between the accessory nerve (AN) and transverse cervical artery (TCA) to provide safe and convenient injection points for AN blockade. Methods: This study included 21 and 30 shoulders of 14 embalmed Korean adult cadavers and 15 patients, respectively, for dissection and ultrasound (US) examination. Results: The courses of the TCA and AN in the scapular region were classified into four types based on their positional relationships. Type A indicated the nerve that was medial to the artery and ran parallel without changing its location (38%). In type B (38%), the nerve was lateral to the artery and ran parallel without changing its location. In type C (19%), the nerve or artery traversed each other only once during the whole course. In type D (5%), the nerve or artery traversed each other more than twice forming a twist. At the levels of lines I-IV, the nerve was relatively close to the artery (approximately 10 mm). TCAs were observed in all specimens around the superior angle of the scapula at the level of line II, whereas they were not found below line VI. In US images of the patients, the TCA was commonly observed at the level of line II (93.3%) where all ANs and TCAs were observed in cadaveric dissection. Conclusions: The results expand the current knowledge of the relation between the AN and TCA, and provide helpful information for selective diagnostic nerve blocks in the scapular region.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

Background: A backpack is available equipment for moving some objects. Most studies have found that the appropriate weight limit of backpack for students is between 10% to 15% of their body weight (BW). However, Some students should carry a backpack heavier than 15% of BW. Therefore, It is associated with abnormal shoulder and neck posture on students. Objects: This study tested the effects that various amounts of weight carried by university students in their backpacks had on their cervical posture and electromyography of neck muscle. Methods: The subjects consisted of 12 students (6 male, 6 female) in university. There were three loading conditions tested: no backpack, a backpack that weighed 10% and 15% of the student's BW. The dependent variables were the craniovertebral angle (tragus to C7) and the neck muscle activities (sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius). All 12 subjects were asked to walk while wearing a backpack for 5 minutes and were then instructed to rest for 2 minutes. Results: When assessing the craniovertebral angle, the results of this study were significantly decreased in the order of 0%, 10%, and 15%. And then, there were significantly increased electromyography of neck muscles that comparison of the weight of 10% and 15% on 0%. It was found that as the weight of the backpack increased, the craniovertebral angle decreased (p < 0.05) and the muscle activities increased (upper trapezius p = 0.012, sternocleidomastoid p = 0.013). Conclusion: Our study recommended that some students shouldn't carry on over the 15% backpack of own weight, and also they should distribute backpack load to equal on body for optimal posture.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2018

본 연구는 교정 운동이 전방머리자세 환자의 목뼈 정렬, 압력통증 역치, 통증에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 대상자는 목 부위의 통증을 주로 호소하는 환자 중 전방머리자세로 판정되는 30명을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 중재방법으로는 연구군은 등뼈 폄 운동, 네발기기 자세에서 뒤쪽락킹, 그리고 능동 목뼈 돌림 운동과 TECAR치료를 융합하였으며, 대조군은 등뼈 및 목뼈 교정운동만을 적용하였다. 평가는 목 척추 각도, 압력 통증 역치, 목장애지수, 시각적상사척도를 측정하였다. 중재는 2주간 주 6회 실시하였다. 연구결과 두 군 모두 목 척추각도, 압력통증 역치, 목장애 지수, 시각적상사척도에 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 목 척추각도를 제외한 압력통증역치, 목장애지수, 시각적상사척도에 연구군이 대조군 보다 유의하게 개선되었다. 이러한 결과는 교정 운동과 TECAR 치료를 융합하는 중재 방법이 전방머리자세 환자의 머리 정렬과 통증 및 일상생활능력에 보다 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 사료된다.