• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2008

본 연구는 3차원 유한요소 분석법적 연구를 통해 쐐기형 비우식성 치경부병소의 복합레진 수복물에서 다른 탄성계수를 가진 복합레진의 수복과 와동의 형태와 응력의 방향에 따른 응력분포의 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 발거된 상악 제2소구치를 Micro-CT로 스캔한 후 3D-DOCTOR로 3차원유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 소구치 모형에 쐐기형 와동과 변형시킨 와동을 형성하고 각 와동을 탄성계수가 서로 다른 혼합형 복합레진 또는 흐름성 복합레진으로 수복하였다. 수복 전, 후 협측교두와 설측교두에 500N의 하중을 가한 후 응력분포를 ANSYS 프로그램을 이용하여 주 응력 분석법으로 평가한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수복 전 응력은 근심측 백악법랑경계와 와동저 선각부에 집중되었으며 최대응력은 근심협측우각부에서 나타났다. 2. 와동수복 후 와동저 선각의 응력은 현저히 감소했으나 치경부측 변연의 응력은 수복전보다 증가하였다. 3. 쐐기형태의 병소의 수복 시 와동저 선각부는 탄성계수가 높은 재료가 유리하고 치경부측 변연은 탄성계수가 낮은 재료가 유리하였다. 4. 와동저 선각부를 둥글게 변화시키는 것은 압축응력은 감소시키지 않으나 인장응력은 감소시켰다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 3차원유한요소분석법을 이용하여 정상 상악 제2소구치의 협측부의 응력분포에 다양한 교합응력이 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 상악 제2소구치의 3차원유한요소모델을 형성한 후 형성된 모델에 3종류의 정적인 500N 점하중의 응력조건을 부여하였다. ANSYS 프로그램 (Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, USA)으로 최대주응력과 최소주응력을 4개의 수평면 상(CEJ 상방 1 mm, CEJ 상방 0.5 mm, CEJ, CEJ 하방 0.5 mm)에서 분석하여 다음 결과를 얻었다. 1. peak stress가 협측 백악법랑경계를 따라 비대칭적인 모습으로 나타났다. 2. 압축응력 값은 법랑질의 압축파괴응력 범위 내에 있었지만 인장응력은 법랑질의 인장파괴응력 범위를 넘어섰다. 3. 비우식성치경부병소를 발생시키는 주요인은 설측교두의 협측경사면에 가해지는 교합압에 의한 인장응력이라고 보여진다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.707-720
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• 1999

본 연구는 두부자세를 형성하는 두개저와 경추가 이루는 각의 차이가 두개안면구조의 형태에 어떠한 차이로 나타나는지를 파악해 보기 위하여, 51명의 한국인 성인 남자와 120명의 스칸디나비아계 백인, 성인 남자를 대상으로 자연상태의 두부위치로 촬영하여 얻은 두부방사선계측사진에서 두부자세변수, 두개저, 경추, 상악골, 하악골, 상하악 악골관계 그리고 치아, 치조에 관련된 변수를 설정, 이를 서로 비교함으로써 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. NSL/OPT로 표현되는 두개와 경추가 이루는 각은 한국인에서 평균 9.28도 더 크게 나타났다. 2. n-s로 표현되는 전두개저의 길이는 한국인에서 평균 4.66 mm가 더 짧게 나타났다. 3. sp-pm 및 ss-pm으로 표현되는 상악골 기저의 길이는 한국인에서 각각 평균 2.75 mm, 4.65 mm더 짧은 양상을 보였으며, n-sp로 표현되는 상악골의 전방부 고경, 그리고 s-pm으로 표현되는 상악골의 후방부 고경은 각각 2.60 mm, 2.06 mm더 긴 양상을 보이는 한편, NSL/NL로 표현되는 상악골의 두개저에 대한 기울기는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. pg-tgo로 표현되는 하악골체의 길이와 ar-tgo로 표현되는 하악골지의 고경은 두 표본에서 동일한 양상을 보였으나, ML/RL로 표현되는 하악우각부는 한국인에서 3.22도 작은 양상을 보였고, NSL/ML로 표현되는 두개저에 대한 하악골의 경사도는 한국인에서 2.44도 더 큰 양상을 보였다. 5. s-n-sp 및 s-n-ss로 표현되는 상악골의 두개저에 대한 돌출도, 그리고 s-n-sm으로 표현되는 하악골의 두개저에 대한 돌출도는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 6. ss-n-pg로 표현되는 상,하악골의 전후방적 관계는 한국인에서 1.44도 더 큰 양상을 보였으나. NL/ML로 표현되는 수직적관계는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 7. n-go으로 표현되는 전안면고경은 한국인에서 5.57 mm 더 큰 양상을 보였다. 8. CL/ML로 표현되는 하악치조의 돌출도는 한국인에서 5.71도 더 큰 양상을 보였으며, ILs/ILi로 표현되는 상,하악 전치가 이루는 각은 한국인에서 3.08도 더 작은 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 두개저와 경추가 이루는 두부자세에 따라 두개안면구조의 형태가 영향을 받을 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.761-776
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the form of the clinical crowns in the maxillary anterior segment and the clinical feature of gingiva such as morphological characteristics and the gingival thickness. Fifty periodontally healthy subjects were clinically examined regarding the probing depth, the thickness of the free gingiva, and the width of the keratinized gingiva. From study models of the maxillary anterior region, the width at cervical third(CW) and the length(CL) of the clinical crown, the papillary height, and the gingival angle of the 6 anterior teeth were measured. Each tooth was classified into 4 groups (longnarrow, NL; narrow, N; wide, W; short-wide, WS) according to CW/CL ratio and all the data were compared between groups NL and WS using independent t-test. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed for each tooth region with the gingival thickness at the level of sulcus bottom, the width of keratinized gingiva, and gingival angle as the dependent variables. As the results, the NL group of the upper anterior teeth displayed, higher papilla height, and narrower keratinized gingiva, more acute gingival angle resulting in pronounced "scalloped" contour of the gingival margin, compared to the WS group. There was no significant difference between groups NL and WS with respect to probing depth and the gingival thickness. The regression analyses demonstrated that the gingival thickness in central incisors was significantly associated to the mesio-distal width and bucco-lingual width of the crown, and labial probing depth. The width of keratinized gingiva was significantly associated with labial probing depth in central incisors and with proximal probing depth and gingival angle in lateral incisors, and with labial and proximal probing depth, and gingival angle in canines. The gingival angle was significantly associated with papillary height and CW/CL ratio and additionally with proximal probing depth in central incisors, with the width of keratinized gingiva in lateral incisors, and with labial probing depth and the width of keratinized gingiva in canines. These results indicate that the form of clinical crown in upper anterior region could influence the clinical feature of gingiva and the influencing factors might be different according to the tooth region.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the clinical features of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. For this study, 117 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 81 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the control group, respectively. Preferred chewing side, Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, maximal mouth opening range, and affected side were recorded clinically. Head and shouldeer posture was measured in a groundplate on which square diagram of five centimeters each had been drawn, and cephalograph was also taken for measurement of head and neck posture. Sonopak of Biopak system (Bioresearch inc., USA) was used to record joint vibration for evaluation of internal healthy status of temporomandibular joint. The data collected were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Frequency of left side chewing subjects was higher in patients than in control group, but there was no difference in distribution of subjects by Angle's classification. Other types was prvalent in patients whereas group function was more in control group for lateral guidance pattern. 2. As to lateral guidance pattern by clinical diagnosis, patients with internal derangement and/or degenerative joint disease showed higher frequency was consistent with the result by Sonopak impression. 3. There was no difference for shoulder height between the two groups, however, tilting of head and backward extension of cervical spine was more frequent in control group. 4. Acromion was positioned more anteriorly in patients with internal derangement and/or degenerative joint disease than in control group and angle between eye and tragus was larger in patients. Patients with degenerative joint disease showed more flexed head posture than control group did in cephalometric profile. 5. Maximal mouth opening range in patients with internal derangement was the least in all subgroups in patients classified by Sonopak impression.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is body parameters characteristics through posture analysis system of musculoskeletal problem patient Methods : Posture analysis system were performed for 164 patients to measure body parameters such as Q-angle, body inclination, neck inclination, PCMT(posterior cervical muscle tension), Knee flexion and posture balance. Statistical analysis using statistical analysis techniques and Pearson correlation coefficients was performed to assess the body parameters obtained by posture analysis system. Results : More than half of people out of 164 reported low back pain, 34.8% of the total was found to have neck pain. There was not a significant difference between genders from the characteristics of gender based body parameters expect for the statistical difference in Q angle, PCMT. There was a significant correlation between low back pain and multiple response status. There was a significant correlations between knee pain and Q angle. Also There was a significant correlations between pelvic pain and posture balance of ankle. Conclusions : Posture analysis system can be used to perform the analysis in place of X-ray measuring body posture and clinical parameters. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for further research on the clinical application of posture analysis system.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2008

Objective : C2 laminar screw fixation is considered as an excellent alternative to Magerl's transfacetal approach or Harms construct for the atlantoaxial stabilization. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the feasibility of the new approach to Korean population. We investigated morphometric parameters of the dorsal arch of the C2 to provide the quantitative data for the feasibility of laminar screw fixation. Methods : One-hundred-and-two patients' cervical computed tomography had been reconstructed and investigated on the anatomical parameters related with C2 laminar screw placement. Sixty patients were male and forty-two patients were female. Measurements included the laminar thickness and slope, spino-laminar angle, and maximal screw length. Results : Ages ranged from 20 to 81 and the mean age was 48.4. Mean laminar thickness was 5.7 mm (${\pm}1.0$) (5.8 mm in male and 5.4 mm in female). Fifty-one patients (50%) had a laminar thickness smaller than 5.5 mm at least unilaterally, therefore the patients were considered as inappropriate candidates for the laminar screw fixation in the smaller side of the laminae. Mean value of maximal length of screw was 33.3 mm (34.3 mm in male and 31.9 mm in female). Mean spino-laminar angle was $43.2^{\circ}$ and mean slope angle was $32.9^{\circ}$. Conclusion : Half of patients had inappropriate laminar profiles to accommodate a 3.5 mm screw in at least one side of the axis. The three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction is mandatory for the preoperative assessment for the feasibility of the C2 lamina.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the comparison of X-ray and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging (DITI) of a patient with idiopathic scoliosis. Method: The patient in this case was a 25-year-old female. Her chief complaint was a pain in lumbar, scapular and shoulder regions. We examined her with DITI and X-ray. And then We compared DITI and X-ray. Results: Cobb's angle of thoracic spine was $24.78^{\circ}$ as a primary curve. Cobb's angle of thoracolumbar spine was $17.63^{\circ}$. Temperature on convex side of the thoracic spine was $0.3^{\circ}C$ higher than the other side. Temperature on convex side of cervical spine was $1.4^{\circ}C$ higher than the other side. There was no correlation curvature degree with temperature difference. Conclusion : There was a tendency that the temperature on convex side of the spine is higher than the other side of the spine. DITI is a useful assessment tool when it is used with X-ray as a diagnostic tool of idiopathic scoliosis. Further studies are needed.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.2119-2125
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• 2020

Background: Adults with forward head posture (FHP) often suffer from thoracic hyperkyphosis and thoracic dysfunction, and including reduction of the craniovertebral angle (CV angle) and tightening of the superficial neck muscles. In order to treat thoracic dysfunction, interventions aimed at improving thoracic mobility are necessary. Objectives: To examine the effects of maitland manual mobilization therapy on the thoracic spine in adults with FHP. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty adults with FHP who met the selection criteria were randomized to the thoracic multiple joint mobilization (TMJM; n=15) group and the thoracic general joint mobilization (TGJM; n=15) group. Joint mobilizations were performed for 23 minutes a day for 4 weeks continuously, two times per week. Outcome measures were ImageJ, BTS FREE EMG 1000, neck disability Index (NDI). Results: Although changes in the left sternocleidomastoid muscle activity and NDI scores over time between the two groups differed, other variables were noted only changes observed over time. Muscle activity in the right sternocleidomastoid increased again in the TGJM group post-intervention and 2 weeks after the end of the experiment, but changes in other variables were retained or improved, confirming the lasting effects of thoracic joint mobilization. Conclusion: Thoracic multiple joint mobilization may be recommended as a more effective intervention for adults with FHP.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of improvement of scoliosis, muscle function and VAS between the exercise group and the control group after conducting correct posture exercise program with 20 female students diagnosed with scoliosis through PAPS in M middle school for 12 weeks. The conclusion was as follows. Cobb's angle in exercise group was changed from $11.6^{\circ}{\ae}2.5^{\circ}\acute{y} $ to $7.3^{\circ}{\ae}2.0^{\circ}\acute{y} $ which was statistically significant difference (p<.001). However, the change in Cobb's angle was not significant in control group, hence there was no statistically significant difference. The limber back strength was changed from $45.9^{\circ}{\ae}8.7$ kg to $51.6^{\circ}{\ae}14.9$ kg and sit-up was changed from $13.7^{\circ}{\ae}5.1$ times to $12.9^{\circ}{\ae}5.3$ times in exercise group, but they were not statistically significant. Control group also showed no statistically significant change in back strength and sit-up. The degree of VAS was changed from $7.3^{\circ}{\ae}1.6$ to $3.3^{\circ}{\ae}2.4$ which was a statistically significant difference (p<.01) in exercise group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in control group. Consequently, correct posture exercise program was considered to be effective for the reduction of Cobb's angle and degree of VAS for middle school female students with scoliosis. Therefore the correct posture exercise program can be recommended for youth scoliosis to improve and prevent the body imbalance and ultimately for the health of the youths.