• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.58-65
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of serratus anterior strengthening exercises on scapular position and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain measurements taken at the resting position in young adults with adducted scapular. The exercise program included stretching of the scapular retractor and strengthening of the serratus anterior muscle. We measured the distance from the midline of the thorax to the vertebral border of the scapular with a tape line (Superior Kibler), and the distance from the 7th cervical spinous process to the acromial angle with 3-dimension motion analysis system, to compare the resting scapular position before and after exercise. Fifteen subjects with adducted scapular were recruited to compare the resting scapular position and VAS. The distance from 7th cervical spine process to acromial angle of the scapular and VAS decreased significantly (p<.01) after exercise, while the distance from the midline of the thorax to vertebral border of the scapular increased (p<.05). The conclusion is that the serratus anterior exercise program altered the resting scapular position and decreased VAS.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" in a modern kineologic approach Methods Based on the interpretation of "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kineologies and their purposes, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" is similar to stretching, active exercise and resistance exercise. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometic exercise of cervical extensor. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to Stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch quadratus Lumborum, lateral side of body, gluteus Maximus, quadriceps femoris, shoulder extensor, hamstrings, hip joint, ankle dorsi flexor, thoracic rotator,inferior shoulder joint. 4) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou", which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen exteral oblique. 5) Doctors can make various applications of Yansaeng-Doinbub. For example, it can be used to correct improper low back and neck exercise patterns. 6) Yangsaeng-Doinbub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercises and increase the efficiency of spine exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in "Zhu-Bing-Yuan-Hou-Lun Yao-Bei-Bing-Zhu-Hou" leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of numourous exercises for various body parts. In particular, breathing methods increase efficiency of such exercises. Plus, the exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub can be applied to various uses by doctors.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Objectives : The symptom of torticollis caused by abnormal contraction in cervical muscles, is easily found among those who get much stress physically and mentally in modern society. Due to this disease, the patients suffer not only from psychologic distress for appearance but also from functional disorder. Therefore, this case is to look for the effective treatment and understandings on the spasmodic torticollis. Methods : Herb medicine is used Guibi-tang(歸脾湯), Heosu-san(回首散), Hyangso-san(香蘇散) and Samul-tang(四物湯). Manipulation therapy is used stretching and meassage technique on cervical muscles. Self exercise of cervical and lumbosacral muscles, physical therapy with ultra sound carried out. Result and Conclusion : Acquired spasmodic torticollis effectively is treated with herb medicine, manipulation, exercise and physical therapy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-77
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• 2016

Objectives The objective of this study is to interpretate Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] in a modern kinesiologic approach. Methods Based on the interpretation of [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] and implementation of its kinesiology, this study presents similar kinesiologies and their purposed, with the reference to various documents on modern kinesiology. Results 1) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to resistance exercise, can be used for isometric exercise of knee joint extensor and cervical extensor. 2) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to stretching exercise, has its purpose to stretch semitendinosus m., semimembranous m., gastrocnemius m., quadriceps femoris m., upper trapezius m., levator scapulae m., serratus m., and splenius capitis m. 3) Exercises in Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu], which are similar to active exercise, can be used for strengthen quadriceps femoris m.. 4) Yangsaeng-Doinibub also describes breathing methods, which help normalization of breathing exercised and increase the efficiency of spine and joint exercises. Conclusions The modern interpretation on kinesiology of Yangsaeng-Doinbub presented in [Jebyungwonhuron Huhrobyungjehu] leads to a conclusion that Yangsaeng-Doinbub consists of various exercises for knee joint, neck and upper extremity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2023

Background: Studies investigating the immediate effects of a single intervention to correct forward head posture are rare. Objects: This study aimed to compare the changes in treatment effects in patients with forward head posture and neck pain after manual and self-exercise therapy over a 1-hour period. Methods: Twenty-eight participants were randomly divided into manual and self-exercise therapy groups. Following the initial evaluation, manual or self-exercise therapy was applied to each group for 30 minutes each in the prone, supine, and sitting positions. The variables measured were the craniovertebral angle (CVA), stress level, pain level, and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) stiffness. After the intervention, re-evaluation was conducted immediately, 30 minutes later, and 1 hour later. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the maintenance of treatment effects between the two groups. Results: Based on the two-way mixed ANOVA variance, there was no interaction between the groups and time for all variables, and no main effects were found between the groups. However, a significant effect of time was observed (p < 0.05). Post hoc tests using Bonferroni's correction revealed that in both groups, the CVA, pain, and stress showed significant improvements immediately after the intervention compared with before the intervention, and these treatment effects were maintained for up to 1 hour after the treatment (p < 0.0083) in the manual therapy group. However, the stress level was maintained until 30 minutes later (p < 0.0083) in the self-exercise group. There was no significant decrease in right SCM stiffness before and after the intervention; however, left SCM stiffness significantly decreased after the self-exercise intervention (p < 0.0083). Conclusion: Both manual and self-exercise therapy for 30 minutes were effective in reducing forward head posture related to the CVA, pain, and stress levels. These effects persisted for at least 30 minutes.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Background: For the treatment of forward head posture (FHP) and forward shoulder posture, methods for strengthening scapular retractors and deep cervical flexors and stretching pectoralis and upper cervical extensors are generally used. No study has yet assessed whether suboccipital release (SR) followed by cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE) (SR-CCFE) will result in a positive change in the shoulders and neck, showing a "downstream" effect. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of SR-CCFE on craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder abduction range of motion (ROM), shoulder pain, and muscle activities of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) and LT/UT and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during maximal shoulder abduction in subjects with FHP. Methods: In total, 19 subjects (7 males, 12 females) with FHP were recruited. The subject performed the fifth phase of CCFE immediately after receiving SR. CVA, shoulder abduction ROM, shoulder pain, muscle activities of UT, LT, and SA, and LT/UT and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during maximal shoulder abduction were measured immediately after SR-CCFE. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the significance of differences in scores between pre- and post-intervention in the same group. Results: The CVA (p<.001) and shoulder abduction ROM (p<.001) were increased significantly post-versus pre-intervention. Shoulder pain was decreased significantly (p<.001), and LT (p<.05) and SA (p<.05) muscle activities were increased significantly post- versus pre-intervention. The LT/UT muscle activity ratio was increased significantly post- versus pre-intervention (p<.05). However, there was no significant change in UT muscle activity and SA/UT muscle activity ratio between pre- and post-intervention (p>.05). Conclusion: SR-CCFE was an effective intervention to improve FHP and induce downstream effect from the neck to the trunk and shoulders in subjects with FHP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2012

Background: Headaches arising from cervical musculoskeletal disorders are common. Conservative therapies are recommended as the choice of first treatment. Evidence to the effects of manual therapy is inconclusive and available only during the short term. There is no evidence to exercise, and no study has investigated the effect of combined therapies for cervicogenic headache. Methods: In this study, 30 participants who met the diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic headache were randomized into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group was performed myofascial release (MFR), Mulligan technique and self stretching exercises. The control group was performed electrical therapy and self stretching exercises. Assessments were performed to 30 participants before and after 4 weeks therapy. The components of assessments were headache intensity(HI), headcahe duration (HD), neck pain (NP) and neck disability index (NDI). Results: After 4 weeks therapy, HI, HD, neck pain and NDI were significantly reduced in both groups (p<.01). The HI, HD, neck pain and NDI were significantly reduced in experimental group more than in the control group (p<.01). Conclusions: Manual therapy could reduce the symptoms of cervicogenic headache.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 스트레칭이 노인의 경부 통증과 관절가동범위에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 방법 : 치료에 따른 전, 후 경추 굴곡 신전 패턴을 이용한 스트레칭이 목의 관절가동범위 변화와 통증변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 20명(남자 10명, 여자 10명)을 대상으로 치료 전, 치료 4주 후에 얻은 측정치를 대응 t-검정을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 치료 4주후 통증수치, 경추 관절 굴곡, 신전, 좌회전, 우회전 변화는 유의한 감소를 보였다. 결론 : 스트레칭이 노인 경부근막동통증후군 환자의 관절가동범위 증가와 통증 감소에 효과적이라는 것을 확인하였다.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.957-963
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• 2015

Objective To compare the pain-reducing effect of forest bathing alone versus forest bathing in combination with stretching and strengthening exercises in patients with chronic posterior neck pain. Methods Sixty-four subjects with posterior neck pain that had lasted more than 3 months were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a forest bathing alone (FBA) group and a forest bathing with exercise (FBE) group; each group included 32 subjects. All subjects from both groups walked every morning in the forest for about 2 hours for 5 days. In the afternoon, the FBE group did a stretching and strengthening exercise for about 4 hours; the FBA group had free time in the woods. Visual analog scale (VAS) on one day, VAS over the previous week, neck disability index (NDI), EuroQol 5D-3L VAS (EQ VAS) and index (EQ index), McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ), the number of trigger points in the posterior neck region (TRPs), and the range of motion of the cervical spine were evaluated on the first and last day of the program and compared between the two groups. Results The number of TRPs were significantly reduced in the FBE group compared with the FBA group (p=0.013). However, the other scales showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion When patients with chronic posterior neck pain underwent a short-term forest bathing (less than 7 days) program, FBE was more effective in the reduction of the number of TRPs than FBA. However, all other pain measurement scales we evaluated showed no statistically significant difference between the two protocols.