• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of chuna for temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in nuchal pain patients with temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). Methods : Four patients were treated by chuna for TMJ to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The patient's symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI), cervical lordotic curvature. Results : In all case, the pain was reduced according to VAS, NDI. cervical lordotic curvature of three cases were improved. Conclusions : These results suggest that chuna for TMJ might be an effective method to treat nuchal pain with TMD. But, it's necessary to have more observations and experiments.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of chuna for thoracic in the patients with nuchal pain. Methods Seven patients were treated by chuna for thoracic to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The patient's symptoms were assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI) and cervical lordotic curvature. Results In all cases, the pain was reduced according to VAS, NDI. Cervical lordotic curvature of 6 cases were improved in terms of Jackson's angle. 5 cases were improved in terms of Depth of cervical curve and Method of Jochumsen. 4 cases were improved in terms of Angle of cervical curve (C2~C7) and Ishihara index. 3 cases were improved in terms of Angle of cervical curve (C1~C7). Conclusions These results suggest that chuna on thoracic might be an effective method to treat nuchal pain with extension malposition of thoracic. But, it's necessary to have more observations and experiments.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.75-88
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• 2024

Objectives This study was designed to compare curvature and intervertebral disc angle of the cervical spine in different prone positions. Methods 30 adults aged 19~60 years were enrolled in this study. Volunteers in this uncontrolled trial were taken an x-ray of cervical spine on lateral. Four radiographs were taken for each volunteer, in standing, prone position with U-type pillow (prone position A), rectangular pillow (prone position B), and prone position without pillow (prone position C). After measuring the cervical angle, Ishihara index, craniovertebral angle, intervertebral angle, we analysed the lordotic angle and foward head posture. The data was anlysed by analysis of variance and pearson correlation coefficient. Results Cervical angles of prone position without pillow (prone position C) significantly decreased compared with those in standing position (p<0.001). Ishihara index of prone position without pillow (prone position C) also significantly decreased compared with those in standing position (p<0.001). Craniovertebral angle of prone position with pillow (prone position A, B) significantly increased with those in standing position (p<0.001). Intervertebral angle of prone position with pillow (prone position A, B) at the C3-7 levels significantly increased with those in standing position (p<0.001). Intervertebral angle of prone position without pillow (prone position C) at the C3-5 levels significantly decreased with those in standing position (p<0.001). The angle of intervertebral disc significntly decreased in kyphotic cervical levels. Conclusions Different prone position clearly resulted changes in cervical spine curvature and intervertebral disc angle. And it is related to cervical spine lordotic angle and sagittal alignment in standing position and prone position.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

Objectives : The authors aimed to determine the presence of relationships between cervical pain and cervical curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral slope and sagittal spinal balance. Methods : Medical records of outpatients who made their first visits to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Spine center at Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center between September 1, 2008 and October 31, 2009 were evaluated. A total of 50 patients visiting within the time period had visited with a chief complaint of cervical pain, and had lateral entire spine X-rays taken. After excluding patients with previous spine operations, 46 patients were selected for the final analysis. The cervical lordotic angle(CLA), lumbar lordotic angle(LLA), Ferguson's angle(FA), and sagittal vertical axis(SVA) were measured on the lateral entire spine X-ray cuts, and the relationships between these values and patient gender, age, chief complaint, and duration of symptoms were assessed. Results : No significant difference was found in relationships between gender and measured values. SVA showed statistically significant correlation between age, but CLA, LLA, and FA was not. There was a significant difference in SVA between patients with only cervical pain and those with both cervical pain and low back pain. Patients with a duration of symptoms longer than 6 months showed a statistically significant difference in SVA with those who had shorter symptoms. Correlation analysis between measured values was statistically significant only between LLA and FA. Conclusions : Evaluation and treatment of sagittal imbalance should be considered in patients presenting with cervical pain if symptoms have persisted for over 6 months or have accompanying low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.577-583
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• 2017

Objective : Laminoplasty is an effective surgical method for treating cervical degenerative disease. However, postoperative complications such as kyphosis, restriction of neck motion, and instability are often reported. Despite sufficient preoperative lordosis, this procedure often aggravates the lordotic curve of the cervical spine and straightens cervical alignment. Hence, it is important to examine preoperative risk factors associated with postoperative kyphotic alignment changes. Our study aimed to investigate preoperative radiologic parameters associated with kyphotic deformity post laminoplasty. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 patients who underwent open door laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria were as follows : 1) preoperative diagnosis of OPLL or CSM, 2) no previous history of cervical spinal surgery, cervical trauma, tumor, or infection, 3) minimum of one-year follow-up post laminoplasty with proper radiologic examinations performed in outpatient clinics, and 4) cases showing C7 and T1 vertebral body in the preoperative cervical sagittal plane. The radiologic parameters examined included C2-C7 Cobb angles, T1 slope, C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), range of motion (ROM) from C2-C7, segmental instability, and T2 signal change observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical factors examined included preoperative modified Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, disease classification, duration of symptoms, and the range of operation levels. Results : Mean preoperative sagittal alignment was $13.01^{\circ}$ lordotic; $6.94^{\circ}$ lordotic postoperatively. Percentage of postoperative kyphosis was 80%. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to postoperative Cobb angle change; a control group (n=22) and kyphotic group (n=27). The kyphotic group consisted of patients with more than $5^{\circ}$ kyphotic angle change postoperatively. There were no differences in age, sex, C2-C7 Cobb angle, T1 slope, C2-C7 SVA, ROM from C2-C7, segmental instability, or T2 signal change. Multiple regression analysis revealed T1 slope had a strong relationship with postoperative cervical kyphosis. Likewise, correlation analysis revealed there was a statistical significance between T1 slope and postoperative Cobb angle change (p=0.035), and that there was a statistically significant relationship between T1 slope and C2-C7 SVA (p=0.001). Patients with higher preoperative T1 slope demonstrated loss of lordotic curvature postoperatively. Conclusion : Laminoplasty has a high probability of aggravating sagittal balance of the cervical spine. T1 slope is a good predictor of postoperative kyphotic changes of the cervical spine. Similarly, T1 slope is strongly correlated with C2-C7 SVA.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2010

Objectives : To study the cervical lordosis and roentgenographic analysis of cervical disc space in neck pain with or without temporomandibular disorder(TMD). Methods : Radiographic measures of cervical lordosis, cervical disc space narrowing were collected, statiscally analyzed. Results : TMD group showed a significant increase in cervical lordotic angle as compared with non-TMD group, whereas no significant change in cervical disc degeneration. Conclusions : The findings from this study suggest that the curvature of the cervical spine is related to the subject's TMD.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chin tuck exercise (CTE) on the craniovertebral angle (CVA), strength and endurance of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles in subjects with forward head posture(FHP). This study was performed on 30 subjects with FHP. Method : Thirty subjects were divided into two groups; modified CTE (n=15), conventional CTE (n=15). Both of the group performed the exercise 4 times a week for 6 weeks. The subjects performed CTE in two different methods; modified CTE, with device designed that help keep cervical lordois curve, and coventional CTE, without using device. The CVA was measured using Image software version. A pressure biofeedback unit was used to measure the strength and endurance of the DCF muscles. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of variables in each group and the independent t-test for comparing the between groups. Result : There was statistically significant difference of before and after strength and endurance of DCF muscles in modified CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of before and after only endurance of DCF muscles in conventional CTE (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of between the two group in strength of DCF muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion : Muscle strength to stabilize the spine plays an important role in maintaining a good posture. Therefore, we suggest that the application of CTE with a device designed to maintain the lordotic curvature in the neck is likely to yield better outcomes in FHP subjects in future studies.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2001

Objectives : To study the cervical lordosis and disc degeneration in neck pain patients with or without low back pain. Subjects. The study was composed of 57 neck pain patients with low back pain(LBP group) and 40 neck pain patients without low back pain(Non-LBP group). Methods : Radiographic measures of spinal lordosis(cervical and lumbar) and disc degeneration were collected, and statistically analyzed. Results: LBP group showed a significant increase in cervical lordotic angle as compared with Non-LBP group, whereas no significant change in cervical disc degeneration. A relationship was found between cervical and lumbar disc degeneration in LBP $group({\gamma}-0.3064)$. Conclusions : The findings from this study suggest that the curvature of the cervical spine is related to the subject's low back pain.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the cervical angle with kyphosis. Methods : We investigated 340 cases of patients who had cervical kyphosis. We used cervical angle, flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle, axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle and occiput-atlas cline angle. Correlations between cervical angle and flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle, axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle, occiput-atlas cline angle were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis. Results : The correlation between cervical angle and flexion malposition angle was p-value 0.007, and odontoid process cline angle was p-value 0.002, and axis-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.000, and odontoid process-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.000, and occiput-atlas cline angle was p-value 0.012. Conclusions : Flexion malposition angle, odontoid process cline angle are inversely proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.01). Axis-atlas cline angle, odontoid process-atlas cline angle are proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.01). Occiput-atlas cline angle is proportional to cervical angle. And correlation is statistically significant(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2014

Objective : Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is often complicated by subsidence, pseudoarthrosis, kyphosis, and graft donor site morbidities. To decrease the occurrence of these complications, various types of cages have been developed. We designed this retrospective study to analyze and compare the efficacy and outcomes of ACDF using double cylindrical cages (DCC) (BK Medical, Seoul, Korea) versus an anterior cervical plating system with autogenous iliac crest grafts. Methods : Forty-eight patients were treated with autograft and plating (plate group), and 48 with DCC group from October 2007 to October 2011. We analyzed construct length, cervical lordotic curvarture, the thickness of the prevertebral soft tissue, segmental instability, and clinical outcomes. Results : There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to the decrease in construct length or cervical lodortic curvature at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. The prevertebral soft tissue was thinner in the DCC group than the plate group immediately after surgery and at the 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. The difference in interspinous distance on flexion-extension was shorter in the plate group than the DCC group at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. However, there was no significant difference in this distance between the two groups at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion : A double cylindrical cage is a good alternative for fusion in patients with cervical degenerative diseases; the surgical method is relatively simple, allows good synostosis, has less associated prevertebral soft tissue swelling, and complications associated with autografting can be avoided.