• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

As "Made in Korea" has high branding power in the fashion industry, domestic clothing manufacturers also need to consider branding the country of origin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to reconsider the need for a domestic certification system and suggest a direction by analyzing apparel origin certification systems operating overseas. The results of this study could be used for planning certification standards and operating methods suitable for regional characteristics and industrial environments when establishing a certification system for clothing produced in Korea. The case study subjects were Japan's J∞ Quality, USA's Made in New York, Italy's 100% Made in Italy, and France's Origin France Guarantee has been classified as certification criteria related to the country of origin include items related to the production process rate in the region and the production area for each production process/stream. Manufacturing technology and design are used for quality standards, safety, hygiene compliance, production facilities, and quality control and are applied to working environment standards. The certification system selects and operates standards according to each country's industrial environment, certification subject, and purpose. Therefore, when designing a domestic apparel certification system, a feasible promotion plan should be established that considers the current state of the domestic industry, which will serve as a driving force for the growth of the apparel manufacturing industry and an opportunity to increase the trust of global fashion consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2008

The Certification system will be able to expect that effect of marketing and the corporate image rising, if the certification body guarantees the contents of certification against industrial technical advance and safety, environment and efficiency, quality when it is suitable in the standard which is provided. The certification system where the private organization operates but recently on the legal notarization outside is disordering and the trust regarding the certification falls and the objective and gist of origin are damaged. But recently the trust of certification has fallen and the objective and gist of origin are damaged. Because the non-government certifications are disordering. Also the damage of the consumers majority occurs but it is insufficient the investigation analysis against the present condition regarding a non-government certification system and the operation actual condition. So it is necessary the actual condition where the countermeasure against hereupon is urgent. In this study, we present the operation direction of efficient against non-government certification system through investigation and the analysis.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer preference for fish farm HACCP certification using conjoint analysis. This study used raw flatfish product to evaluate the fish farm HACCP. In this study, 500 consumers were surveyed using panel survey and stratified sampling. In the recognition analysis, the farm HACCP certification system was found to be highly recognized by consumers. It can be seen that the brand assets accumulated by existing food and agricultural HACCP certification were transfered to the fish farm HACCP and absorbed. Consumers perceived fish farm HACCP certification as similar one with existing food and agricultural HACCP. Conjoint analysis evaluated three levels factors. The attributes and levels evaluated were : price(25,800 won, 28,400 won, 31,000 won), certification(fish farm HACCP, seafood traceability, and non certified), and origin(domestic, JEJU, and WANDO). The important levels were in order of price(40.8%), certification(30.2%) and origin(29.0%). We found that consumers give higher utility to fish farm HACCP certification compared with non certified and seafood traceability certification. Market simulation results showed that the fish farm HACCP product has 12%p higher market share than non certified products. Seafood traceability certification showed 4.6%p higher market share than non certified products.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

There has not been enough distribution of documentary evidence of origin at the stage of domestic transaction yet due to the exporter bias of interest in utilizing FTA and shortage of attracting their issues, etc. although about more ten years has passed since Korea-Chile FTA was running. Furthermore, in case of issued and distributed documentary evidence of origin, the accuracy was doubt, so it contains various problems like errors in the certificate of origin issued by the final exporter. Accordingly, this study was to find out the limitations of 'declaration of origin third party confirmation system' operated in order to solve problems of lacking the management ability of origin place of the domestic supplier and improve the accuracy of certificate of origin (comprehensive), and to investigate a method of improvement. To achieve this, this study was to suggest the institutional complementary plans for distribution activation and error prevention on the declaration of origin and introduction plan of loss prevention plan due to the errors in the certificate of origin that the final exporter did not intend in the domestic areas in order to support the use of FTA smoothly for our enterprises.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.143-157
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to review domestic and foreign origin labeling system in order to implement origin labeling system in the perspective of protecting the interests of consumers, and to suggest governmental improvements by analyzing problems embedded in current labeling system. The results analysis show complexity of related legal system, lack of expertise at the stage of labeling, and inefficiency of crackdown authority. The improvement could be suggested in two ways: supporting plans for the ones who have duty of labeling and improvement plans in origin management system. As supporting plans, we suggest the need for an automatic origin determination system, appropriate education on origin stakeholders, and introduction of origin certification system. For improvement plans, there are unification of country of origin labeling related laws, utilization of FTA product specific rules, and QR code, expert confirmation system. Since the origin labeling issue has become important, proactive and quick responses must follow with thorough examination the effect of the origin labeling on consumer welfare.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.268-277
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• 2021

A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. This paper explores ways to protect Korean goods as GIs in the U.S. and EU by examining the efforts of the Colombian Coffee Federation (FNC) to protect Colombian coffee. The FNC enhanced the global awareness of Colombian coffee and increased the profits of Colombian coffee producers by registering Colombian coffee as a certification mark in the U.S. and as a GI under the EU's quality schemes. The Korean government protects kimchi under its own GI system. For kimchi products to earn the label "Korean kimchi," the three main ingredients must be produced in Korea. This has been a challenge for kimchi producers, who often rely on imported ingredients. Korea could learn from FNC's strategies to improve the current GI system for kimchi.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.595-603
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• 2019

This paper provides data for product development and improvement of grape varieties by analyzing the satisfaction-importance of the grape selection attributes from a consumer's perspective. A survey was conducted on consumers aged 19-59 living in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon on their fruit consumption level, preferences according to the grape quality characteristics, importance, and satisfaction with the grape selection attributes. Three hundred and eighty two valid samples were collected and analyzed statistically using SPSS 23. In the preference according to the grape quality characteristics, consumers tended to prefer a sweet taste, black color, and seedless grapes. Regarding the importance of the grape selection attributes according to the level of grape consumption, the high consumption group considers texture, size, shape, color, ease of removing seeds, country of origin, area of production, certification, and brand to be more important. In satisfaction, the high consumption group rated satisfaction highly in texture, odor, size, shape, color, ease of removing peelings, ease of removing seeds, price, country of origin, area of production, certification, and brand. An analysis of the IPA of the grape selection attributes showed that improvement of price and shape attributes will be prioritized, and the development and management of properties, such as seeds, peelings, certification, and brand will be required. These results can be used to help improve the grape varieties and develop products that meet the consumer needs, secure the competitiveness of grape farmers, and revitalize the local economy.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.475-498
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• 2013

The most fundamental reason why FTA Agreement must be concluded is based on the preferential tariff treatment among country parties. In order to get applied by the preferential tariff treatment under an FTA, the parties need to meet the rules of origin and the criteria stipulated under the FTA simultaneously. In addition, Certificate of Origin(C/O) document is required to claim for the preferential treatment under the FTA Agreement. In South Korea, the electronic Certificate of Origin can be issued by the UNI-PASS and FTA-PASS of the Korea Customs Service. The Web Certification System of the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry also is established. But the majority cases of requesting the preferential Certificate of Origin are generally performed by the business partners. The settlement and activation of electronic Certificate of Origin are urgently needed to maximize the effects of FTA, First, this paper examines the application situation of electronic Certificate of Origin throughly. Second, the current circumstances related to electronic Certificate Origin are analyzed in the practical and systematic perspectives. Finally, the improvements for activating electronic Certificate of Origin is suggested.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.297-318
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• 2017

This study reviews the origin verification system of China via literature research and analyzes cases of Korean exports origin disapproved of Chinese customs clearance, to provide origin verification strategy recommendations for Korean companies exporting to China under Korea-China FTA. We reviewed the provisions of Chinese rules of origin and analyzed origin disapproved cases gathered from various presentations. The main results of the study have the following implications; First, the customs authority needs to establish a consultation channel with the customs authority of China, and origin certification issuing agencies should provide exporters with consulting services in the certificate issuing stage to reduce verification risk. Second, exporters need to pay attention to the formal requirements of the proof of origin, utilize the advance rulings program of differences in classification of items between Korea and China, and monitor regulatory change in China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.239-258
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal standards of agreements on the origin of liability and the relevant laws in Korea, to suggest implications for custom authorities and traders wishing to benefit from preferential tariff via FTA, citing the excluded cases of related FTA preferences (court cases and administrative judgments). In order to examine the provisions related to supporting evidence of the origin of liability in FTA, we examined FTAs agreed between Korea and EU, EFTA, ASEAN, U.S., and India relevant to FTA Special Customs Act, court cases and administrative judgements. If verifying the origin to protect the fair trade order impedes to promote utilizing FTA, solutions will need to be suggested. If FTA preference is exempted due to verifying the origin by the import customs authorities, the importer shall pay the income tax calculated in accordance with the general tax rate. This is because the certificate of origin confirmed during verification process is different from the actual origin. In most agreements, the exporter (the producer) shall issue the certificate of origin and since the importer has no other option than obtaining the certificate of origin from the exporter, it may face consequences such as declined credibility from the custom authorities in addition to being disqualified for FTA preferential, if the certificate of origin received from the exporter has flaws. On the other hand, the exporter cannot help but being punished by the customs authorities due to issuing defective origin certificates, but it doesn't have conventionary liabilities for damages incurred to the importer. As a result, importers are forced to pursue legal proceedings to claim damages to exporters or to give up FTA preference. As FTA is increasingly utilized, the number and amount of origin verification in Korea has continuously been increasing while administrative judgements indicates other FTA exporters doesn't seem to gain any support in utilizing FTA like Korea does. It has been 8 years since full-scale supports in FTA launched and now is the time to introduce more efficient and intensive FTA support system In this regard, it is desirable to conduct comprehensive verification on export Next, an institutions that assures FTA-based exports should be established in order to compensate the importer's damages that may occur from disqualified certificate of origin issued by the exporter.