• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.45-46
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• 2005

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.182-182
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• 1996

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.171-189
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• 1996

Background and Purpose: The greater part of patients to visit Hospital of Oriental Medicine suffer from cerebrovascular accident(CVA). There is transcranial Doppler(TCD) in the diagnostic method to confirm cerebrovascular accident(CVA). Transcranial Doppler(TCD) is an accurate method of monitoring the blood flow velocities of the cerebral vessels and have been generally used to prevent symptomatic vasospasm and confirm cerebral infarction. So we studied, in the crebrovascular accident(CVA), to estimate whether transcranial Doppler(TCD) is useful to. Methods: Using transcranial doppler(Multigon Model 500M Transcranial Doppler System), we measured the mean and peak velocity and the direction of blood flow in 10 cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subjects who had been examined by Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Results : As an anticipation, in cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subject with Cb-infarction, the mean and peak velocity of blood flow fell down remarkably and the direction of blood flow was change or irritable. But didn't find out any signal in lacunar infarction. Also, in case with spontaneous hemorrhage, the velocity and direction of blood flow was change but this signal was short of diagnosis for Cb-hemorrhage. Besides, we found signals about embolism, stenosis, thrombosis and occlusion in cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subjects. Conclusion: In Cb-infarction, the result of TCD was equal to diagnosis with Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). But about lacunar infarction or spontaneous hemorrhage, signals of TCD couldn't be found out or was insufficient more than Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). In cerebrovascular accident(CVA)'s subject with embolism, stenosis, thrombosis or occlusion, signals of TCD were found out more than Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Therefore transcranial doppler(TCD) is necessary method which makes a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident(CVA), with Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2004

This study was to quantitative analysis compare to dynamic characteristic change of the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) after development of cerebral fat embolism in cats using perfusion MR Imaging. Forty-four adult rats were used. Triolein (n = 15), oleic acid (n = 9) and linoleic acid (n = 11) were injected into the internal carotid artery using microcatheter through the transfemoral approach. Polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon) (n = 9) was injected as a control group. Perfusion MR images were obtained at 30 minutes and 2 hours after embolization, based on T2 and diffusion-weighted images. The data was time-to-signal intensity curve and ΔR$_2$＊ curve were obtained continuously with the aid of home-maid image proc in.leased significantly at 2 hours compared with those of 30 minutes (P＜0.005). In conclusion, cerebral blood flow decreased in cerebral fat embolism immediately after embolization and recovered remarkably in time course. It is thought that clinically informations to dynamic characteristic change of the cerebral hemodynamics to the early finding in cerebral infarction by DWI and PWI

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 2005

To investigate the spectroscopic findings of embolized lesions induced with a fat-emulsion technique with magnetic resonance images (MRI). A fat emulsion was made with 0.1 ml of triolein and 20 ml of normal saline. In 12 cats, the internal carotid artery was infused with the fat emulsion. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI and multivoxel spectroscopy were obtained at 1 hour, 1 and 4 days, and 1 week after embolization. NAA (N-acetylaspartate), Cr (creatine) and Cho (choline) were evaluated on the spectroscopy. Statitistical analysis wsperformed at the embolized and contralateral normal hemisphere in the integral and amplitude of NAA, Cr and Nho in time course. Also NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were compared in both hemisphere and in time course. The emboli zed lesions showed contrast enhance ments on Gd-enhanced Tl-weighted i~ages at 1 hour. This contrast enhancement was decreased at day 1, and id not appear agter day 4. In spectroscopy, the embolized hemisphere showed no statistical difference to the normal contralateral side at 1 hour and in time course. NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were not significantly different in both hemispheres at 1 hour and in time course. Cerebral-fat embolism induced by a triolein emulsion in cats revealed no statistical difference on MR spectroscopy. Triolein-emulsion can be used in the study of blood-brain barrier.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 1992

Thallium-201 $(^{201}T1)$ SPECT studies were performed on a normal volunteer and 12 patients with intracerebral lesions: 3 patients with gliomas, 3 patients with meningiomas, 1 patient each with metastatic tumor, brain abscess, and cerebral infarction, and 3 postirradiation patients. (2 with metastatic tumors, 1 with lymphoma). A $^{201}T1$ index, based on the ratio of $^{201}T1$ uptake in the brain lesion versus the homologous contralateral brain, was calculated and compared with tumor histology and CT/MRI findings. The SPECT $^{201}T1$ scan showed minimal uptake of tracer in a normal brain. There was substantial uptake of $^{201}T1$ in high-grade gliomas (index>1.5) with little uptake in low-grade lesions. A previously irradiated patient with recurrent astrocytoma, in whom MRI study was unable to distinguish tumor recurrence from necrosis, showed the lesions with high $^{201}T1$ indices in both hemispheric regions (2.50/1.93), suggesting tumor recurrence. Two meningiomas and a metastatic tumor showed varying degrees of $^{201}T1$ uptake (index $1.71\sim8.15$), revealing that $^{201}T1$ uptake is not exclusive to high-grade gliomas. In 2 postirradiation patients with metastatic tumors, no abnormal $^{201}T1$ uptake was found in the cerebral lesions, shortly after the initiation of radiation therapy or despite the persistence of enhancing lesions-though improved-on MR images, suggesting that $^{201}T1$ uptake may reflect the metabolic and possibly clonogenic activities of tumors and the brain $^{201}T1$ SPECT imaging might be valuable for the evaluation of tumor responsiveness to the therapy and for early detection of tumor recurrence. A patient with brain abscess on antibiotic treatment, showig increased uptake of $^{201}T1$ in the resolving lesions (index 2.87/1.52) is discussed. In a patient with cerebral infarction, there was no abnormal uptake of $^{201}T1$ in infarcted tissue. When using a threshold index of 1.5, correlation rate between $^{201}T1$ uptake and contrast enhancement of the cerebral lesions on CT/MRI was 73% (8/11). In conclusion, the brain $^{201}T1$ SPECT imaging may be useful for assessment of tumor response to the therapy and to predict low-or high-grade lesions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.645-661
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• 2009

The water extract of Dohongsamul-Tang(DHSMT) has been traditionally used to stroke and brain injuries in Oriental Medicine. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DHSMT on the gene expression profile of cerebral infarction by cDNA microarray in photothrombotic ischemia mouse model. Photothrombotic ischemia was induced in stereotactically held male BALB/c mice using rose bengal and cold light. MRI was performed 24 hours after inducing photothrombosis using 1.5 T MRI and 47 mm surface coil to obtain T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced images. After MRI test, animal was sacrificed and the brain sections were stained for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. MRI and histological analysis revealed that lesion of thrombotic ischemia was well induced in the cortex with the evidence of biological courses of infarction. The target area of thrombotic infarction was 1 mm anterior to bregma and 3 mm lateral to midline with 2 mm in diameter, which were decreased by administration of DHSMT. To assess gene expression pattern of cerebral infarction, mRNA was isolated and reacted with microarray chip(Agilant's DNA Microarray 44K). Scatter and MA plot analysis were performed to clustering of each functional genes. M value [M=log2(R/G), A={log2(R ${\times}$ G)}/2] was between -0.5 and +0.5 with 40% difference. After pretreatment with DHSMT, the expression levels of mRNA of many genes involved in various signaling pathway such as apoptosis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, response to oxidative stress, immune response, angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokine were markedly inhibited in photothrombotic ischemia lesion compared to the control group. These results suggest that DHSMT prevent ischemic death of brain on photothrombotic ischemia model of mice through modulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.5
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• pp.1184-1193
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• 2020

Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between callosal microbleeds and anoxic brain injury. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven patients with anoxic brain injuries were analyzed and retrospectively compared to the control group of patients without a history of anoxic brain injury using Fisher's exact test regarding comorbidities and cerebral microbleeds. The patient group was subdivided according to the presence of callosal microbleeds. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the presence of typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury, use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and prognosis. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the interval between the occurrence of anoxic brain injury to MRI acquisition. Results The prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in the patient group was 29.6%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3.7% (p = 0.012). All cerebral microbleeds in the patient group were in the corpus callosum. Compared with the callosal microbleed-absent group, the callosal microbleed-present group showed a tendency of good prognosis (6/8 vs. 11/19), fewer typical MRI findings of anoxic brain injury (2/8 vs. 10/19), and more cardiopulmonary resuscitation (6/8 vs. 12/19), although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.35, p = 0.19, and p = 0.45, respectively). Conclusion Callosal microbleeds may be an adjunctive MRI marker for anoxic brain injury.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-342
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• 2022

Objective: Intracranial atherosclerotic stroke occurs through various mechanisms, mainly by artery-to-artery embolism (AA) or branch occlusive disease (BOD). This study evaluated the spatial relationship between middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaques and perforating arteries among different MCA territory infarction types using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute MCA infarction who underwent VW-MRI. Thirty-four patients were divided into three groups according to infarction pattern: 1) BOD, 2) both BOD and AA (BOD-AA), and 3) AA. To determine the factors related to BOD, the BOD and BOD-AA groups were combined into one group (with striatocapsular infarction [BOD+]) and compared with the AA group. To determine the factors related to AA, the BOD-AA and AA groups were combined into another group (with cortical infarction [AA+]) and compared with the BOD group. Plaque morphology and the spatial relationship between the perforating artery orifice and plaque were evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: The plaque margin in the BOD+ group was closer to the perforating artery orifice than that in the AA group (p = 0.011), with less enhancing plaque (p = 0.030). In the BOD group, plaques were mainly located on the dorsal (41.2%) and superior (41.2%) sides where the perforating arteries mainly arose. No patient in the AA group had overlapping plaques with perforating arteries at the cross-section where the perforator arose. Perforating arteries associated with culprit plaques were most frequently located in the middle two-thirds of the M1 segment (41.4%). The AA+ group had more stenosis (%) than the BOD group (39.73 ± 24.52 vs. 14.42 ± 20.96; p = 0.003). Conclusion: The spatial relationship between the perforating artery orifice and plaque varied among different types of MCA territory infarctions. In patients with BOD, the plaque margin was closer and blocked the perforating artery orifice, and stenosis degree and enhancement were less than those in patients with AA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.794-799
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of our study was to compare findings of brain SPECT representing crossed cerebellar diaschisis(CCD) with brain MRI, to evaluate relation between CCD and location of lesions on MRI and to elucidate clinically apparent cerebellar sign in patients with CCD. Methods : The study population was 20 patients representing CCD on SPECT. Percentage differences(${\triangle}%$) of activity on each cerebellar hemisphere were obtained from ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellum[${\triangle}%cbll=(IL-CL)/IL{\times}100$] and from cerebrum [${\triangle}%cbr=(CL-IL)/CL{\times}100$]. From MR studies, the percentage differences of signal intensity were also calculated as the same method. We compared the degree of percentage differences with location of cerebral lesions and with clinical cerebellar signs of the patients. Results : Among those representing CCD, the parietal lesions were the most common. There was significant correlation of the percentage differences in cerebellum between SPECT($18.8{\pm}7.22$) and MRI($4.4{\pm}3.38$) (p<0.05) and in cerebrum between SPECT($28.7{\pm}15.35$) and MRI($42.8{\pm}10.94$) (p<0.05). Cerebellar signs were observed in 3 of the 20 patients. However, there was no statistically significance between degree of percentage differences of each cerebellar hemisphere on SPECT and clinical cerebellar sign(p>0.05). Conclusion : Using the percentage differences in the cerebellum, the CCD evaluation can be easily done. On MRI, the signal changes of cerebellum were not as definite as SPECT. Despite of our assumption, there was no significant correlation between clinical cerebellar signs and CCD on SPECT.