• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42
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• pp.53-101
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• 2009

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2022

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was conducted in major oat-growing areas of Korea in 2020. BYDV is an economically important pathogen of cereal crops that can be transmitted by aphids. The present study evaluated the genetic composition of BYDV in oat from eight geographical areas in Korea. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to screen 322 oat leaf samples for six BYDV strains (PAV, MAV, SGV, PAS, RPV, and RMV). The 125 samples (~39%) tested positive for BYDV. BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-PAS, and BYDV-RPV were detected from oat in different areas. Most of the BYDV-infected samples were assigned to subgroup I (n=112). The results indicate that BYDV-PAV could be dominant throughout Korea. Also, the phylogenetic analysis of coat protein sequences indicated that 23 BYDV isolates from Korea could be separated into two clades, which exhibited high nucleotide sequence similarity. In conclusion, the present survey provides a BYDV infection assessment for domestic oat varieties in Korea and basic information for the development of BYDV control measures in Korea's oat industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.189-189
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• 2022

Soil salinity negatively affects plant growth, productivity, and metabolism. Rice is known to have more sensitive phenotypes than other cereal crops, such as wheat, sorghum, and barley. We characterized the molecular function of rice C3HC4 as a really interesting new gene (RING). Oryza sativa RING finger protein H2-3 (OsRFPH2-3) was highly expressed in 100 mM NaCl. To identify the localization of OsRFPH2-3, we fused vectors that include C-terminal GFP protein (35S;;OsRFPH2-3-GFP). OsRFPH2-3 was expressed in the nucleus in rice protoplasts. An in vitro ubiquitin assay demonstrated that OsRFPH2-3 possessed E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the mutated OsRFPH2-3 were not possessed any E3-ubiquitin ligase activity. Under normal conditions, there is no significant phenotypic difference between transgenic plants and WT plants. However, OsRFPH2-3-overexpressing plants exhibited higher fresh weight and length under saline conditions. Also, transgenic plants maintain higher chlorophyll, proline, and soluble sugar contents and lower H₂O₂ and MDA contents than the wild type; these results support transgenic plants with enhanced salinity tolerance phenotypes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.364-370
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• 2009

This study was conducted to survey, analyze on the compaction layer and the plow layer at Jeonbug and Jisan series paddy soil, which is the representative soil in fluvio-marine and local alluvium, respectively. The depths of surface soil were 12.6 and 12.7 cm in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. A plowing depth was 10.5 cm. The properties of compaction layer in two soil series were as follows. The hardness were $14.7kg\;cm^{-2}(25.3mm)$ and $8.7kg\;cm^{-2}(22.1mm)$ in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The thickness were 22.3 cm and 17.8 cm in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The depth of soil compaction, which means depth from surface, were 15 and 20 cm in Jeonbug and Jisan series, respectively. The relationship between the hardness of compaction layer and the depth of surface soil showed negative correlation, however relationship between the hardness and the thickness of compaction layer showed positive correlation. Soil temperature was lower in compaction layer than in plow layer. This temperature differences between compaction layer and plow layer were from 1.0 to $2.5^{\circ}C$ in Jeonbug series and from 0.7 to 2.1 in Jisan series. The soil physical properties of compaction layer were higher in bulk density and solid phase and lower in porosity and gaseous phase than those of plow layer in all soil series. The soil chemical properties of compaction layer were higher in pH, content of available silicate, exchangeable calcium and magnesium but lower in total nitrogen, content of organic matter and available phosphate than those of plow layer in all soil series. Cation exchangeable capacity and content of exchangeable potassium were similar between compaction layer and plow layer in Jeonbug series, however, in Jisan series these were lower in compaction layer than in plow layer. Elution amount of inorganic nitrogen were lower in compaction layer than in plow layer in all soil series. The content of soluble Fe and Mn were plenty in compaction layer compared with plow layer and these tendency was apparent in Jeonbug series. The water depth decrease were fast until the latter part of June, and were slow as $1{\sim}3mm\;day^{-1}$ for July and August, and were fast again from september. Rice roots distributions as each soil series and tillage method were 25 cm at rotary plowing in Jeonbug series, 30 cm at deep plowing in Jeonbug series, and 20 cm at tillage in Jisan series. Dry weight per m2 at heading stage were much in order of deep plowing in Jeonbug series, rotary plowing in Jeonbug series, and tillage in Jisan series.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Climate changes are shifting the perception of C4 photosynthetic crops due to their superior adaptability to harsh conditions. The tribe Andropogoneae includes some economically important grasses, such as Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Miscanthus spp., and Saccharum spp., representing C4 photosynthetic grasses. Although the Andropogoneae grasses diverged fairly recently, their genomic structures are remarkably different from each other. As previously reported, the family Poaceae shares the pan-cereal duplication event occurring ca. 65 MYA. Since this event, Sorghum bicolor has never experienced any additional duplication event. However, some lineage-specific duplication events were reported in Z. mays and Saccharum spp., and, more recently, it was revealed that a shared allotetraploidization event occurred before the divergence between Miscanthus and Saccharum (but after the divergence from S. bicolor), which provided important clues to those two species having large genome sizes with complicated ploidy numbers. The complex genomic structures of sugarcane and Miscanthus (defined as the Saccharum complex along with some other taxa) have had a limiting effect on the use of their molecular information in breeding programs. For the last decade, genomics-associated technologies have become an important tool for molecular crop breeding (genomics-assisted breeding, GAB), but it has not been directly applied to sugarcane and Miscanthus due to their complicated genome structures. As genomics research advances, molecular breeding of those crops can take advantage of technical improvements at a reasonable cost through comparative genomic approaches. Active genomic research of non-model species using closely related model species will facilitate the improvement of those crops in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2017

Seed germination stimulated by light is said to be photoblastism. Photoblastism has not been reported in cereal crops, especially in the rice, but Korean weedy rice was reported to have photoblastism and longer mesocotyl than cultivar. Photoblastic weedy rice (PBR) was used to identify QTLs for photoblastism and mesocotyl length. In previous works, QTLs for photoblastism, pbr1 and pbr12 were identified on chromosomes 1 and 12 using 124 F4 lines from a cross between Ilpum and PBR using bulked segregant analysis. Two QTLs for mesocotyl elongation, qMel-1 and qMel-3 were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 3 120 F8 lines from the same cross. Of interest, the RM8260-RM246 region of pbr1 overlapped with a region of qMel-1. To know whether these two QTLs are functionally related, 110 F3 lines were developed from a cross between Ilpum and CR7124. CR7124 having photoblastism and long mesocotyl was selected from 120 F8 lines. 95 F3 lines were measured for germination rate in a light and dark condition and mesocotyl length. Mesocotyl length and germination rate in the dark condition in F3 lines showed significant correlation (r = 0.7, P < 0.0001). 95 $F_3$ lines were genotyped with RM7419 on chromosome 1. ANOVA showed that RM7419 was tightly linked to QTLs for photoblastism as well as mesocotyl length on chromosome 1 (P < 0.0001) indicating the tight linkage of two QTLs. Fine mapping of the two QTL is underway to analyze their functional relationship.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the world's most important cereal crop. In crop plant, chlorophyll content and leaf senescence could affect grain filling and yield. We analyzed a QTL associated with chlorophyll content and delayed leaf senescence using high chlorophyll near isogenic line (HC-NIL). HC-NIL derived from a cross between Oryza sativa cv. Hwaseong as a recurrent parent and wild species O. grandiglumis as a donor parent showed higher chlorophyll content than Hwaseong. To identify QTL associated with chlorophyll content, 58 $F_3$ and 38 $F_4$ lines were developed from a cross between HC-NIL and Hwaseong. For QTL analysis, simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used for genotyping and one-way ANOVA was conducted. A QTL for chlorophyll content (qCC2) was detected in chromosome 2 and explained 24.63% of phenotypic variation. The senescence effect of the qCC2 was examined in dark-induced incubation (DII). Detached leaves from Hwaseong and HC-NIL were incubated on 3mM MES buffer (pH 5.8) at $27^{\circ}C$ under complete dark condition. After 3 days of incubation, the Hwaseong leaves turned yellow, but the HC-NIL leaves were green. HC-NIL has higher chlorophyll content with delayed senescence than Hwaseong. These results indicated that qCC2 is associated with stay-green phenotype. To know whether the qCC2 is responsible for leaf functionality, ion leakage test and Fv/Fm measurement were performed. Both experiment results showed that differences were observed between Hwaseong and HC-NIL but it was not statistically significant. These results might suggest that the qCC2 is possibly related to chlorophyll content and non-functional stay-green phenotype.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2014

The ${\gamma}$-oryzanol, ferulic acid esters, which are well-known for their function on cholesterol lowering and prevention of inflammation, diabetes and cancer, are found in the seeds of cereal crops such as rice, corn, wheat and rye. Among them, rice has been reported to contain the highest ferulic acid esters. Since rice cultivation with green manure as a N source is an environmental friendly agricultural practice, it is necessary to identify and quantify as well as evaluate the variations in these compounds in rice samples as affected by different green manure conditions. A total of ten components of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol were isolated and cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate and sitosteryl ferulate were identified as the major components in Korean rice cultivars, 'Unkwang' and 'Hopum'. Comparing the ${\gamma}$-oryzanol contents of these varieties, 'Unkwang' showed clearly similar pattern with conventional type. With the PLS-DA (partial least squares of discriminant analysis) using SIMCA 11.0 ver., the specific pattern and cluster of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol scores with green manure conditions were confirmed, and thus distinguishing green manure effects were possible.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2023

Nysius plebeius is a major lygaeid pest of various cereal crops and ornamental plants in East Asian countries, including Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of N. plebeius was characterized and found to comprise a total of 17,367 bp, which included 13 protein-coding genes, NADH dehydrogenase components (complex I, ND), cytochrome oxidase subunits (complex VI, COX), cytochrome oxidase b (CYPB), two ATP synthases, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs. The GC content of 23%. It showed high sequence similarity to other Lygaeidae species, such as N. cymoides (94.5%), N. fuscovittatus (91.7%), and an unknown Nysius species (94.1%). This new N. plebeius mitochondrial genome can be widely used for evolutionary studies of Lygaeidae and to improve pest management practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1764-1770
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the changes of total and soluble ${\beta}$-glucan contents, purity, and physical characteristics of three heated barley varieties: Saessalbori (SSB), Saechalssalbori (SCSB), and Hinchalssalbori (HCSB). The barleys were heated at different temperatures of 110, 120, 130, 140 and $150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The total ${\beta}$-glucan contents of raw SSB, SCSB, and HCSB were 8.40, 7.77 and 8.28%, and the soluble ${\beta}$-glucan contents were 4.79, 4.14, and 4.61%, respectively. After heating at $130^{\circ}C$, the total ${\beta}$-glucan contents increased to 11.59, 14.6, and 13.36%, as did the soluble ${\beta}$-glucan contents to 4.21, 7.96, and 7.23%, respectively. The purities of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan of the raw barleys were 35.11, 32.74 and 25.62%, but after heating at $150^{\circ}C$, it increased to 83.43, 91.02, and 88.01%, respectively. The molecular weight and viscosity of the ${\beta}$-glucan solution decreased with increasing heating temperature. The re-solubility of raw barley ${\beta}$-glucan was about 50%, but it was increased to 97% with increasing heating temperature. These results suggest that heating of ${\beta}$-glucan can improve the utilization of barley ${\beta}$-glucan.