• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1999

We isolated activnmycetes LAM-98-80 as strain producing an effective antibiotic for cephalosporin re-sistant pathogenic PSeudomonas sp. and identified as Streptomyces sp. LAM-98-80 from cultural and phyisological characteristics. We investigated the optimal culture conditions for producation of an anti-biotic becoming effective for cephalsporin-resistant pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. It was found that 1.5% soluble starch and 1.0% yeast extract were good as carbon and nitrogen source respectively. The pro-duction of antibiotic was also activated by 0.04% Mn2+ as 80% degree. The optimum initial pH on pro-ductio of antibiotic was pH 7.0. The culture condition for the maximal productivity of the antibiotic was at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The cephalosporin-resistant pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. as test bacteria was rev-ealed to resist antibiotic of cepha families but revealed to not resist those of $\beta$-lactam families ampicil-lin and amoxicillin. Parital purified antibiotic was stable for the pH from 3 to 9 and was also stable when treated at 70 $^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, This antbiotic was effective against all gram positive and negative bac-teria but was not effective against molds and yeasts.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 1998

The results of chromosome aberration test in mammalian cells in culture (Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells) showed no induction of structural and numerical aberrations by YH1226, a cephalosporin antibiotic regardless of metabolic activation, while positive control group (mitomycin C and benzo(a)pyrene) showed structural chromosome aberrations of 25% and 10%, respectively. The in vivo induction of micronuclei was measured in polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of male ddY mouse given YH1226 at 500, 250, 125 mg/kg by i.p. once. After 24 hours, animals were sacrificed and evaluated for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in whole erythrocytes. Although a positive response for induction of micronuclei in animals treated with mitomycin C demonstrated the sensitivity of the test system for detection of a chemical clastogen, YH1226 did not induce microunclei in bone marrow of ddY male mice.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1974

During March to October 1973 at National Medical Center, one thousand four hundred sixty four pathogens that exclude penicillin sensitive organisms such as gonococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus; ampicillin sensitive H. influenzae and gentamicin sensitive pseudomonas spp, were isolated. These strains identified as follows: Sta. aureus 399 E. coli 359 Sta. epidermidis 183 Klebsiella spp 171 Proteus spp 103 B. anitratum 80 Salmonella spp 68 Enterococcus 53 Shigella spp 48 In general, Sta. epidermidis is regarded as nonpathogen, however, author included pure culture of this bacteria in this study. 1. High susceptibility to staphylococcus reveals cephalosporin, methicillin, gentamicin & leucomycin. 2. Ampicillin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Enterococcus. 3. Cephalosporin and gentamicin reveal susceptible antibiotics to E. coli. 4. Gentamicin is only one susceptible antibiotic to Klebsiella spp. 5. Gentamicin & carbenicillin reveal moderately susceptible antibiotics to Proteus spp. 6. There is no susceptible antibiotic to B. anitratum. 7. About thirty percent strains of salmonella are resistant to chloramphenicol. 8. Carbenicillin, cephalosporin & gentamicin reveal susceptible to shigella spp. 9. Multiple resistant rate to more than two antibiotics which includes tetracycline are as follows. Sta. aureus 56.5% E. coli. 80.9% Shigella spp 93.8%

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.21-25
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• 2000

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.82-91
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between antibiotic use and the antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from blood cultures in a pediatric population. Methods: From January 2014 to June 2018, the antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from bacteremic patients aged ≤18 years hospitalized at Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital was analyzed and the parenteral antibiotic consumption data were retrieved. Results: During the study period, the blood culture was positive for K. pneumoniae (6.4%; 105/1,628), E. coli (5.6%; 91/1,628), P. aeruginosa (3.3%; 54/1,628), and A. baumannii (2.5%; 41/1,628), and the extended-spectrum antibiotic resistance rate of gram-negative bacteria was consistently high. The overall resistance rate of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to extendedspectrum cephalosporin was 49.3% and 54.4%, respectively. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli was first detected in 2014; its overall resistance rate to carbapenem was 5.3%. There was a linear correlation between the usage of 3rd generation cephalosporin and the resistance of A. baumannii (r²=0.96, P=0.004) and carbapenem usage and the resistance of K. pneumoniae (r²=0.79, P=0.045). Conclusions: A positive linear correlation was observed between antibiotic resistance and the corresponding antibiotic usage in 3rd generation cephalosporin resistant A. baumannii and carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. The judicious use of antibiotics in healthcare settings is important to minimize selection for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate a repeated intravenous toxicity of a novel cephalosporin antibiotic, IDC7181, in Beagle dogs. Four groups, each consisting of 3 male and 3 female dogs (one year old, body weight 8 - 10 kg), were intravenously administered with IDC7181 at dose levels of 0 (vehicle control), 10, 50 or 250 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 28 days.(omitted)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.611-618
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• 1989

Effects of methionine on cephalosporin C(CPC) production in a fluidized-bed bioreactor were investigated using bioparticles of Cephalosporium acremonium. Since methionine was found to be an important metabolic regulator on the synthesis of cephalosporin C, the effects of its concentration in the cuture broth and feeding mode to the bioreactor were studied. It was observed that the presence of initial methionine was essential for higher cephalosporin C production and there existed an optimal content of methionine. Carbon consumption rate also increased significantly under the presence of methionine. Production of cephalosporin C was most active when methionine was exhausted in the broth; however its additional feeding did not enhance the antibiotic production in the fluidized-bed bioreactor as much as expected. It was therfore considered important to feed an optimal content of methionine at the early operating stage for a higher cephalosporin C production in a fluidized-bed bioreactor. An interesting thing to note was that titre of the antibiotic with reused bioparticles was about 2 times higher in the methionine containing medium than that without methionine. Therefore repeated use of bioparticles, with an optimal content of methionine, was believed to be very useful to enhance to process productivity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.234-238
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• 1992

Using cell-free extract of Lysobacter lactamgenus, enzymatic conversion of $\delta$-L-($\alpha$-aminoadiphyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) the first substrate of $\beta$-lactam biosynthesis, into antibiotic compounds was attempted. In high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis, the biosynthetic intermediates for cephalosporin antibiotics including isopenicillin N, deacetoxycephalosporin C, deacetylcephalosporin C and unknown cephem compound were detected in reaction mixtures. It implies that cephabacin compounds from L lactamgenus could be produced by biosynthetic routes through penicillin ring formation and its expansion to cephalosporin ring, likely as cephalosporin C from Cephalosporium or cephamycin C from Streptomyces. Among biosynthetic enzyme in cell-free extract, the ring formation activity (isopenicillin N synthetase activity) was separated in 50-60% of ammonium sulfate fraction, and ring expansion activity (deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase activity) was found to be in 40-50% fraction. The partially purified isopenicillin N synthetase could convert as much as 90% ACV to isopenicillin N during 6-hour reaction.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.85-87
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• 2003

$\beta$-Lactams are historically and clinically representative antibiotics used for therapeutic purposes. In early days, penicillin (penam antibiotic) and cephalosporin (cephem antibiotic) were found in culture broth of two different filamentous fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum. Since 1970, a variety of $\beta$-lactam structures have been discovered from bacterial cultures including Streptomyces species, which are known as cephamycin, cephabacin (cephem antibiotics), clavulanic acid (oxopenam antibiotic), thienamycin (carbapenem antibiotic), and sulfazecin (monobactam antibiotic). (omitted)

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2015

Purpose: We investigated trends in antibiotic pressure and the antibiotic susceptibility of gram negative bacteria isolated from Korean children over 10 consecutive years. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2013, the antibiotic susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii blood isolates obtained from children <18 years of age was determined according to the 2009 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Antibiotic consumption data were also analyzed. Results: The prevalence of K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii bacteremia was 4.6, 3.5, 3.4, and 2.2 cases/1,000 blood cultures/year, respectively. In K. pneumoniae, resistance to the third and fourth cephalosporin did not increase significantly. However, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae first appeared in 2010, and the resistance rate increased to 9% between 2012 and 2013. Resistance to 3rd and 4th cephalosporin increased from 10% to 50% in E. coli, and resistance to carbapenem rose abruptly from 11% to 71% in A. baumannii (P for trend <0.01). However, such an increase of resistance was not observed in P. aeruginosa. There is a positive correlation between the resistance rate of cefepime in E. coli and the consumption of cefepime (r=0.900, P=0.037). Conclusion: The significant burden of antibiotic consumption and the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance to gram negative pathogen isolated from bacteremic children were observed. Empirical antibiotics should be wisely selected, and continued efforts to decrease the overall antibiotic pressure are mandatory, especially in highly resistant situations.