• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.39
• /
• pp.391-401
• /
• 2006

We propose a method for geographically enhanced representation of social networks and implement a Web-based 3D visualization of geographical contexts in social networks. A renovated social network graph is illustrated by using two key components: (i) GWCMs (geographically weighted centrality measures) that reflect the differences in interaction intensity and spatial proximity among nodes and (ii) MSNG (map-integrated social network graph) that incorporates the GWCMs and the geographically referenced arrangement of nodes on a choroplethic map. For the integrated 3D visualization of the renovated social network graph, we employ X3D (Extensible 3D), a standard 3D authoring tool for the Web. An experimental case study of regional R&D collaboration provides a visual clue to geographical contexts in social networks including how the social centralization relates to spatial centralization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1 s.112
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 2006

The importance of R & D activities has been emphasized in modem economy due to rapid growth of high-tech industry. This research has taken a macroscopic approach to understand the spatial location pattern of company-affiliated R & D institute. According to the result based on this analysis, a number of company-affiliated R & D institutes have shown high centralization in Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA); however, more serious analysis has shown that institutes have different regional tendencies based on their industrial classifications with lower high-tech tendencies show less centralization in the SMA. Moreover, it also has indicated that larger corporations or higher capability of hiring top class researcher have tendency to decentralize their institutes. The result also points out that institutes are likely to be located near their head offices or factories; or located along with other research institutes in the same industrial field. The locations of the institutes, however, have shown the regional differences as well. After taking all the characteristics into consideration, this study has categorized types of institutes locations into four groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.23-42
• /
• 2004

Lenin's decree of 1 June 1918 'On the reorganization and centralization of archives in the RSFRS' is appreciated as an institutional and conceptional basis for Socialist archival theory and practice not only in USSR but also in most countries of the socialist community. In spite of its importance to the making role to build the 'landmark' in the history of russian archives. This paper focuses on the activities and achievements of archivists in 'RAD Union(Union of Russian archives activists)' in revolutionary situation of 1917-1920. To preserve documental heritage with historical values in difficult situation of 1917 historians and archivists in 'RAD Union' voluntarily cooperated with new governments. This special situation led them to make more efforts at reformulating national archival system, namely, the state Archival Fond (Gosudarstvennyi Arkhivnyi Fond) as a new base for the centralization and arrangement of all archival materials throughout the country. Their experience was reflected in every articles of the archival decree of June 1918.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.207-226
• /
• 2013

This study examined the impact of self-directed learning on job satisfaction, organizational commitment. Also, it verified moderating effects of organizational culture(centralization, decentralization) in the era of global competition. The results of this study are as followings: 1) self-directed learning(acceptance of responsibility for learning) is positively related to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, respectively. 2) centralization moderated on the relationship between self-directed learning(acceptance of responsibility for learning, self-confidence as a learner, future orientation) and organizational commitment. 3) decentralization moderated on the relationship between self-directed learning(future orientation) and organizational commitment. We discussed the implications of these of findings for both theory and practice.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.291-311
• /
• 2011

The modern ports have become multi-functionalized and network-centralized over time. Recently the development of industry in the land behind the port area has become very important for port itself. Furthermore, the port functions as a finance center and an integrated function of the main bank of the world. It will be necessary for Inchon port to pursue the policy for building itself as a hub center for logistics integration and building network in the region of Northern-East Asia and Seoul Capital City area in order for Inchon port to support and develop various industries through utilizing each aspect of the industrial complex in these areas. By doing this, it will act as a policy for strengthening competiveness for Inchon port. The sharp increase of cargo movement from rapidly developing Industries in China will become a good opportunity for strengthening the competitiveness of Inchon port. However, considering the characteristics of the ports competitiveness, this policy must quickly overcome the difficulties of Inchon port.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1999

Since the late 1980s, there have been radical changes in the managerial environment of Y University Medical Center(YUMC). Externally, the competition among hospitals has intensified due to the establishment of universal health insurance in 1939 and the entrance of large enterprises into the health care industry in the early 1990s. In addition, government regulation of medical institution is becoming stricter. Also, consumer groups have continued to demand the respect for patient rights and improvement of the quality of medical services. Internally, the financial condition of YUMC has worsened, not only because weak control and poor mediation in its large-scale structure have made its operation inefficient, but also because the rates of increase in the prices of goods and labor have grown faster than any increases in revenues. This study on materials management at YUMC presents a way for YUMC to reduce costs and increase its productivity, thereby overcoming its financial difficulties and dealing with external pressures. This study utilized the case studies of the materials purchasing and medical supply management in the United States and the comparative analysis of management to suggest short-term and long-term alternatives for innovation in YUMC. The goals of the short-term alternatives for innovation are to centralize the purchasing and supply departments and to simplify the decision-making processes. Through these attempts, it is estimated that YUMC's costs could be reduced by $600,000 per year. In the long-term, it is necessary to consider introducing a Supply Processing Distribution(SPD) system and setting up a centralized electronic system for supply and inventory management, although it is difficult to estimate the effect of cost-cutting because of the lack of analysis data. Thus, YUMC should thoroughly analyze initial investment costs and economical efficiency generated from long-term alternatives.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.841-844
• /
• 2009

Recently our society is changing from an information era to an ubiquitous era. The centralization of an ubiquitous city has been developing among the countries and cities competitively. At this point, a reconfiguration of proper network environment is very important factor for a city competitive power. The centralization of an ubiquitous city is progressing with two kinds of category divided into existing cities and new cities. For example, Unlike new cities, the existing cities should consider the physical space restriction of communication network configuration because they can not design an underground cord lining. This paper describes the comparison and analysis of ubiquitous proceeding cases between the existing cities and new cities. And also, we investigated infrastructure features of proceeding ubiquitous city which is regarded as a reviving concept for the existing cities. In addition, a political proposal of wireless network configuration is suggested to solve these problems for the ubiquitous city.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.10
• /
• pp.324-370
• /
• 2004

This paper aims to research the historical development of the archival systems in the Soviet Union from 1917 to the 1920's. The Russian revolution was the turning point not only for the political and social changes but for the archival administration in Russia, as it provided the new Soviet regime with the chances to reorganize the archival institutions under Bolshevik rule. However, we must not forget the fact that the Russian Archival Workers' Union had taken part in the organization of the archival systems together with the Bolshevik revolutionaries. The Soviet government intended to transform the decentralized and poorly organized archival systems in the prerevolutionary years into the centralized and bureaucratized ones. In this meaning, the decree signed be V. I. Lenin on 1 June 1918 was estimated as the real basis for the Soviet archival centralization. Lenin's archival decree of 1918 encompassed the entire national documentary legacy, which was gradually extended to all types and categories of manuscripts and archival records by successive legislation. The concept of state proprietorship of all documentary records was designated "Single State Archival Fond"(Edinyi Gosudarstvennyi arkhivnyi fond), which was renamed as "Archival Fond of the Russian Federation" after the collapse of the USSR. The independent state administrative agency, that is, "Main Administration of Archival Affairs"(Glavnoe upravlenie arkhivnym delom) was charged with the management of the entire "Single State Archival Fond". While the Soviet Union reorganized its archival systems in the twenties, the archival institutions became under the severe control of the government. For example, M. N. Pokrovskii, the well-known Marxist historian and the political leader, headed the organizational work of archives in the Soviet Union, which resulted in the exclusion of the prerevolutionary specialists from the archival field in the Soviet Union. However, the discussions over the concept of "the Archival Fond" by B. I. Anfilov helped to develop the archival theories in the USSR in the twenties. In conclusion, the Soviet Union, having emphasized the centralization of the archives, developed its archival systems from the early period, which were the basis of the systematic archival institutions in Russia.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2019

This paper studies desirable form of future e-government in terms of intelligent government research in response to new intelligent cyber security services in the fourth industrial revolution. Also, the strategic planning of the future e-government has been contemplated in terms of the centralization and intellectualization which are significant characteristics of the fourth industrial revolution. The new system construction which is applied with security analysis technology using big data through advanced relationship analysis is suggested in the paper. The establishment of the system, such as SIEM(Security Information & Event Management), which anticipatively detects security threat by using log information through big data analysis is suggested in the paper. Once the suggested system is materialized, it will be possible to expand big data object, allow centralization in terms of e-government security in the fourth industrial revolution, boost data process, speed and follow-up response, which allows the system to function anticipatively.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.73-99
• /
• 2023

The dragon is a special imaginary figure created by the people of East Asia. Its archetypes appeared primarily as totemic symbols of different tribes and groups in the region. The formation of early dynasties probably generated the molding of the dragon symbol. Dragon symbols carried deep imprints of nature. They concealed alternative messages of how ancient people at different locations dealt with or interacted with nature. Under pressure to standardize in the medieval and late imperial periods, the popular dragon had to transform physically and ideologically. It became imposed, unified, and framed, conveying ideas of caste classification and power, and losing itsecological implications. The dragon transitioned from a semi-ecological domain into a total social caste system. However, many people considered the "standardized" dragon as the symbol of the oppressor. Because of continuous orthopraxy and calls for imperial reverence, especially under orthopractic agenda and the surveillance of local elites, the popularized dragon was imbued within local artworks or hidden under the sanctity of Buddhas or popular gods in order to survive. Through disguise, the popular dragon partially maintained its ecological narratives. When the imperial dynasties ended in East Asia (1910 in Korea, 1911 in China, 1945 in Vietnam), the dragon was dramatically decentralized. However, trends of re-standardization and re-centralization have emerged recently in China, as the country rises in the global arena. In this newly-emerging "re-orthopraxy", the dragon has been superimposed with a more externally political discourse ("soft power" in international relations) rather than the old-style standardization for internal centralization in the late imperial period. In the contemporary world, science and technology have advanced humanity's ability to improve the world; however, it seems that people have abused science and technology to control nature, consequently damaging the environment (pollution, global warming, etc.). The dragon symbol needs to be re-defined, "re-molded", re-evaluated and reinterpreted accordingly, especially under the newly-emerging lens-the New Confucian "anthropocosmic" view.