• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.469-471
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• 2009

This letter proposes a weighted scheduling mechanism for Internet protocol television (IPTV) to improve the loss performance of multicast transmission over an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). We propose a new weight policy from the number of multicast receivers to proportionally allocate the downstream bandwidth of IPTV traffic. The proposed mechanism is used in an optical line terminal to decrease lost packets of favorite IPTV services because the lost multicast packets are proportional to the number of receivers. The total proportion of lost multicast packets is reduced by up to 73% in an EPON.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.810-814
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• 2001

power transfer breaker is a device used to transfer the load from the electricity power line to the emergency generators. In case of overload, it also functions as a circuit breaker. In this work, a new mechanism for the device is suggested. Among the various design challenges, optimization of the trigger mechanism is identified as of central importance. Optimal design decisions are made with the use of Taguchi method.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2018

Although it is agreed that the gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) invoke highly relativistic jets with bulk Lorentz factors of a few hundreds, the exact physical mechanism producing such powerful gamma-rays still remains debated. Three outstanding and important questions in the field concern (1) the composition of GRB jets (i.e., matter-dominated vs Poynting-flux-dominated), (2) the involved radiative process responsible for the observed gamma-rays (i.e., synchrotron mechanism vs photospheric radiation), and (3) the distance of the emitting region from the central engine where the prompt gamma-rays are released (i.e., ~10^12 cm vs 10^14 cm vs 10^16 cm). I will present recent important breakthroughs that we have made, which answer these three questions.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2009

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation has been widely used for the production of genetically modified transgenic plants to obtain specific desired traits. Most of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the transformation steps have been well elucidated over the years. However, a few steps, such as nuclear targeting, T-DNA integration, and Agrobacterium-plant proteins involved remain largely obscure and are still under extensive studies. This review describes the major steps involved in the molecular mechanism of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and provides insight in the recent developments in studies on the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system. Some factors affecting the transformation efficiency are also briefly discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2020

To study the rail mapped deformation caused by the pier settlement of simply - supported bridges with China Railway Track System III (CRTS III) slab ballastless track (SBT) system under the mode of non-longitudinal connection ballastless track slab, this study derived an analytical solution to the mapped relationships between pier settlement and rail deformation based on the interlayer interaction mechanism of rail-pier and principle of stationary potential energy. The analytical calculation results were compared with the numerical results obtained by ANSYS finite element calculation, thus verifying the accuracy of analytical method. A parameter analysis was conducted on the key factors in rail mapped deformation such as pier settlement, fastener stiffness, and self-compacting concrete (SCC) stiffness of filling layer. The results indicate that rail deformation is approximately proportional to pier settlement. The smaller the fastener stiffness, the smoother the rail deformation curve and the longer the rail deformation area is. With the increase in the stiffness of SCC filling layer, the maximum positive deformation of rail gradually decreases, and the maximum negative deformation gradually increases. The deformation of rail caused by the pier settlement of common-span bridge structures will generate low-frequency excitation on high-speed trains.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2002

The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and mechanism of the PAB (para-amino benzamidine) affinity column chromatography, Viresolve NFP virus filtration, pasteurization (60$\^{C}$ heat treatment for 10 h), and lyophilization steps employed in the manufacture of urokinase from human urine as regards the removal and/or inactivation of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with HAV and subjected to scale-down processes mimicking the manufacture of urokinase Samples were collected at each step, immediately titrated using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID$\_$50/), and the virus reduction factors evaluated. PAB chromatography was found to be an effective step for removing HAV with a log reduction factor of 3.24. HAV infectivity was rarely detected in the urokinase fraction, while most of the HAV infectivity was recovered in the unbound and wash fractions. HAV was completely removed during the Viresolve NFP filtration with a log reduction factor of $\geq$ 4.60. Pasteurization was also found to be an effective step in inactivating HAV where the titers were reduced from an initial titer of 7.18 log$\_$10/ TCID$\_$50/ to undetectable levels within 10 h of treatment. The log reduction factor achieved during pasteurization was $\geq$ 4.76. Lyophilization revealed the lowest efficacy for inactivating HAV with a log reduction factor of 1.48. The cumulative log reduction factor was $\geq$ 14.08. Accordingly, these results indicate that the production process for urokinase exhibited a sufficient HAV reducing capacity to achieve a high margin of virus safety.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.247-254
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• 1997

The proteinase-activated receptor (PAR-2) belongs to the family of seven transmembrane region receptors, like the thrombin receptor, it is activated by specific proteolytic clea vage of its extracellular amino terminus and a synthetic peptide (SLIGRL). The earthworm protein fraction (EPF) extracted from Lumbricus rubellus elicted dose- and endothelium-dependent relaxations in phenylephrine-contracted rat thoracic aorta, whereas heat inactivated EPF (0.5 ${\mu}g$ /ml) had no effect. In the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (1.8 micro M), EPF (0.5 ${\mu}g$ /ml)-induced relaxations were partially inhibited. Furthermore, EPF (0.5 ${\mu}g$ /ml) dramatically caused relaxation of thrombin-desenstized rat thoracic aorta. These results indicate that EPF activates PAR-2 in vascular endothelial cell. Intravenous injection of EPF (20 mg/kg, bolus) into anesthetized rats produced a marked depressor response. EPF (0 ~ 80 ${\mu}g$ /ml, gradient) was very effective on increasing of perfusion volume in rabbit ear vessel preparations. These results imply the usefulness of EPF as a vascular smooth muscle relaxant and indicate that the activation of PAR-2 may be a mechanism of EPF on hemokinetic improvement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.690-693
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• 2006

중심정맥카테터 삽입 후 생길 수 있는 드문 합병증 중에 하나인 흉수 발생은 카테터와 관련된 혈관벽의 손상을 흉수 발생의 기전으로 설명하고 있다. 저자들은 우측 쇄골하정맥으로 이어지는 이상혈관 내로 카테터가 위치한 후 혈관 파열로 인하여 발생한 흉수 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.437-448
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• 2023

Diabetic ulcer is usually seen in people with uncontrolled blood sugar. Reportedly, many factors such as impaired glucose metabolism, and macrovascular and microvascular diseases caused angiogenesis disorders and delayed the healing of diabetic ulcers, thus affecting the body's metabolism, nutrition, and immune function. This study aimed to explore the effect of paeonol on skin wound healing in diabetic rats and the related mechanism. A rat model of diabetic ulcer was established. High glucose-treated mouse skin fibroblasts were co-cultured with M1 or M2-polarized macrophages treated with or without paeonol. H&E and Masson staining were used to reveal inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, respectively. Immunohistochemistry visualized the expression of Ki67, CD31, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Western blot was used to detect interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-10, CD31, VEGFA, and collagen I/III. The expression of iNOS and arginase 1 was revealed by immunofluorescence staining. Paeonol treatment augmented collagen deposition and the expression of Ki67, CD31, VEGF, and macrophage M2 polarization markers (IL-4 and IL-10) and reduced wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and macrophage M1 polarization markers (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the ulcerated area. In vitro, paeonol treatment promoted M2-polarization and repressed M1-polarization in macrophages, thereby improving the repair of cell damage induced by high glucose. Paeonol accelerates the healing of diabetic ulcers by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.221-235
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• 2006

조간대성 해빈 퇴적물의 이동양상을 파악하기 위하여 한반도 남해안의 득량만에서 해빈 주변 표층퇴적물과 해빈 단면, 해빈 퇴적물, 해빈 퇴적률, 그리고 해빈 수리에너지 특성에 대한 조사를 실시하였다. 수문 해빈은 급경사의 해빈면과 완경사의 저조단구로 이루어져 일반적으로 조차가 파고에 비해 큰 해빈 단면의 특징을 보인다. 그러나 만입된 안의 중앙 해빈면은 여름에 평탄해지고 그 밖의 계절에는 파봉과 유흔이 발달하는 등 뚜렷한 계절변화를 보인다. 이러한 해빈 단면의 계절변화는 연구지역의 해빈 퇴적작용이 주로 조석에 의해 지배되지만 파랑의 영향도 강하게 받고있음을 의미하는 것으로, 해빈 퇴적률의 계절변화에서도 잘 나타난다. 즉, 겨울에는 강한 파랑의 영향에 의해 침식이 우세한 반면, 그 밖의 계절에는 상대적인 저에너지 조건 하에서 퇴적이 우세한 특징을 보인다. 그러나 해빈의 중앙은 여름에도 뚜렷하게 침식되는 경향을 보이는데, 이는 여름에 간헐적으로 발생한 남풍 계열의 강한 바람에 의한 파랑이 해빈에 강하게 미치기 때문이다. 한편, 해빈 퇴적물은 만입된 해빈의 중앙에서는 -89.2 mm/yr로 침식된 반면, 양쪽 측면에서는 각각 60.5 mm/yr와 38.2 mm/yr로 퇴적되는 경향을 보인다. 이와 같은 현상은 해빈의 중앙에 분포하는 퇴적물이 파랑이 강화되면 침식되어 양쪽 측면으로 이동하기 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 해수욕장으로 주로 이용되는 수문 해빈의 중앙은 방파제 건설에 따른 조립질퇴적물의 공급이 제한되어 있음을 고려할 때 지속적으로 침식될 것으로 판단된다.