• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2017

Central giant cell lesions are rare, benign, osteolytic, pseudocystic, solitary, localized lesions that are common in the skeletal structure, but less so in the maxillofacial region. Furthermore, to perform panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography, it is necessary to prepare patients properly and to position their heads carefully. However, this can be difficult in pediatric patients, who may be anxious. In this report, we describe the case of a central giant cell lesion of the mandible in a 2-year-old girl that was evaluated with multidetector computed tomography.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.673-676
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• 2016

Background: In the maxillofacial region, giant cell granulomas occur in 2 clinical forms, central and peripheral. Despite histopathological similarity between these 2 forms totally different clinical behaviors have been reported. The present study was undertaken to compare mast cell and vascular concentrations in these pathologic lesions. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 20 pathological samples of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and 20 samples of peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) were selected and examined through toluidine blue staining for mast cell assessment and immunohistochemical staining by VEGEF antibody for comparing the number of mast cells. T-test, chi-squared test and backward multivariate linear regression were used for statistical analysis using SPSS 20. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: This study showed significantly greater VEGF expression and mast cell concentrations in CGCG compared to PGCG cases. Also there was a significant correlation between VEGF expression and the concentration of mast cells. No relation was found between age, sex and site of the lesion and concentration of mast cells or VEGF expression. Conclusions: It is feasible that higher concentrations of mast cells in CGCG versus PGCG samples might lead to more aggressive clinical behavior via vascular proliferation and angiogenesis. However, other biologic mechanisms should be considered in this situation.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging features of central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) of the jawbone. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 26 CBCT studies of histologically proven cases of CGCG during a period of 20 years, from 1999 to 2019. Patients' demographic data were recorded, and radiographic features were assessed (location, border, cortication, appearance of the internal structure, locularity, septation, expansion, cortical perforation, effects on surrounding tissue, whether the lesion crossed the midline, and lesion volume). Results: In this study, CGCGs were seen almost twice as often in the mandible than in the maxilla, and 64.7% of mandibular lesions involved the anterior region. Only 26.9% of lesions crossed the midline, a feature that was considered characteristic of CGCG. Furthermore, 65.4% of lesions were unilocular and 34.6% were multilocular. The correlation between a lesion's size and its locularity was statistically significant, and larger lesions showed a multilocular appearance. The mean volume of multilocular lesions was greater than that of unilocular lesions. Conclusion: CGCGs showed variable radiographic features on CBCT, and this imaging modality is highly effective at demonstrating the radiographic spectrum and lesional extent of CGCGs in the jawbone.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 1991

A giant cell granuloma and a cementifying fibroma occurring in the same lesion of right mandibular body in a 10 year old boy is presented with a 12 month follow up without recurrence or any other complications after operation. The relatively small lesion of cementifying fibroma was well delineated from the larger lesion of central giant cell granuloma, and as their origins are different each other(odontogenic or connective tissue origin), we have considered that both lesions had developed independently. Clinically, the evidencesa of aggressiveness of giant cell granuloma were also found, that is, large size, earlier age of 10, root resorption of lower right 1st annd 2nd molars and cortical perforation. With curettage and electric cauterization, we have treated both lesions satisfactorily.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2009

The brown tumors develop in bone and it develop on various area which in clavicle, rib bone, cervical bone, iliac bone etc. The development on the maxillofacial region is rare, relatively more develop on the mandible. The brown tumor directly develop by the dysfunction of calcium metabolism according to hyperparathyroidism and differential diagnosis with other bone lesion should be difficult if it would diagnose by only radiographic features. The histological feature is that proliferation of spindle cells with extravasated blood and haphazardly arranged, variably sized, multinucleated giant cell is seen. The brown tumor is firm diagnosed by physical examination, because of these histological feature show similar with other giant cell lesions(giant cell granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst, cherubism). The brown tumors have been described as resulting from an imbalance of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity. It result in bone resorption and fibrous replacement of the bone. So these lesions represent the terminal stage of hyperparathyroidism-dependent bone pathology. Therefore, it is the extremely rare finding that brown tumor in the facial bone as the first manifestation of an hyperparathyroidism. We experience 1 case of brown tumor(50 years old female) that developed on Maxilla and mandible with no history of hyperparathyroidism. So we report this case with a literature review.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to introduce a category of jaw lesions comprising cysts and tumors associated with scalloped borders. Materials and Methods: General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus, as well as an authoritative textbook, were used to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "jaw lesion," "jaw disease," "scalloping," "scalloped border," "scalloped margin," "irregular border," and "irregular margin." Out of 289 articles, 252 records were removed because they were duplicates, did not have a relevant title, or did not mention the frequency of findings described using the term "scalloped border." Finally, 37 closely related articles were chosen. Results: According to the relevant literature, scalloped borders are found most frequently in ameloblastoma, followed by simple bone cyst, central giant cell granuloma, odontogenic keratocyst, and glandular odontogenic cyst. Conclusion: The lesions most frequently reported to have scalloped borders are ameloblastoma, central giant cell granuloma, odontogenic keratocyst, simple bone cyst, and glandular odontogenic cyst.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2000

A 19-year-old man was referred to Seoul National University Dental Hospital for evaluation of a large painless swelling of the left mandibular angle area in August, 1999. The growth had been first noted 6 years ago. He had visited other hospital in 1997. In spite of the treatment given at the hospital, the mass continued to grow rapidly. Conventional radiographs in 1999 showed an expansile, lobulated, and destructive lesion of the left mandibular body. CT scan demonstrated an expansile mass with a corticated margin. Bony septa were seen within the lesion. Internal calcification noted on the bone-setting CT image, and corresponded to the hypointense area in T1-weighted MRI image. MRI clearly delineated the extent of the lesion which had heterogenous intermediate signal intensity in T1-weighted images and heterogenous hyperintense signal intensity in T2-weighted images. The lesion was well-enhanced. Histopathologically, the lesion was well demarcated. Multinucleated giant cells were presented in a fibrous background, demonstrating a storiform pattern. Areas of osteoid rimmed by a few osteoblasts were scattered throughout the lesion. Inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and hemosiderin deposition were also shown. CGCG may show lots of internal calcification foci on the CT, and varied signal intensity in MRI. More cases will be needed to understand the features of the CT & MR finding of CGCG.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2013

Cysts of the mandibular condyle are rare and can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Clinically, a simple bone cyst is asymptomatic and often discovered incidentally on routine radiographic examination. This report shows an atypical simple bone cyst occurring in the mandibular condyle showing recurrence after surgical curettage. Radiologically, this lesion involving the mandibular condyle should be distinguished from other similar lesions such as a chondroma, a central giant cell granuloma, and an aneurysmal bone cyst. Radiographic assessment was useful for forecasting the prognosis of a simple bone cyst. Possible reasons for the recurrence were discussed radiographically.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

Purpose: This study reviewed the common conditions associated with displacement of inferior alveolar nerve canal. Materials and Methods: General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Science Direct, and Scopus were used to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "mandibular canal", "alveolar canal", "inferior alveolar nerve canal", "inferior dental canal", "inferior mandibular canal" and "displacement". Results: About 120 articles were found, of which approximately 70 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 37 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the data were compiled, the following 8 lesions were found to have a relationship with displacement of mandibular canal: radicular/residual cysts, dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, ameloblastoma, central giant cell granuloma, fibrous dysplasis, and cementossifying fibroma. Conclusion: When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with displaced mandibular canal, they should first consider these entities in the differential diagnosis. This review would help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans according to patients' radiographs.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.27-32
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• 1980

A case of cutaneous leishmaniasis developed in a 48 year old Korean male who returned from middle east was studied by light and electron microscopic observations. Light microscopically, the lesion consisted of heavy chronic ill-defined granulomatous inflammation involving entire thickness of the dermis, composed of mainly histiocytic and small mononuclear cell infiltrations without evidence of necrosis or giant cell formation. Giemsa staining revealed numerous intracellular micro-organisms within histiocytes, showing dark stained central dot surrounded by light stained cytoplasm. Electron microscopically, the organisms were observed mostly ovoid in shape and frequently binary mitotic features within the host cells. follicle consisted of double unit membranes and microtubules, which are immediately below these membrnae. A long kinetoplast was noted within a very elongated mitochondrion at the center of the organisms and a flagella rose in front of the kineoplast but ended within the cytoplasm. Large numbers of free ribosomes, occasional Golgi complex and SER were also noted, but RER was seldom found. These ultrastructural features corresponded to promastigote stage of Leishmania tropica. In principle, leishmaniasis is a tropical disease and can not be found in temperate zone. However, travel to mideast by many Koreans may contract this disease while they are in endemic regions.