• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2009

Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research(KSTAR) device is composed of 30 superconducting magnets, magnet structure, vacuum vessel, cryostat, current feeder system, and etc. KSTAR device is operated in the cryogenic temperature and high magnetic field. We install about 800 sensors - temperature sensors, stain gages, displacement gages, hall sensors - to monitor the thermal, mechanical, electrical status of KSTAR during operation. As a tremendous numbers of sensors should be installed for monitoring the KSTAR device, the method of effective installation was developed. The sensor test was successfully carried out to check its reliability and its reproduction in the cryogenic temperature. The sensor signal is processed by PXI-based DAQ system and communicated with central control system via machine network and is shown by Operator Interface(OPI) display in the main control room. In order to safely operate the device, any violations of mechanical & superconductive characteristic of the device components were informed to its operation system & operator. If the monitored values exceed the pre-set values, the protective action should be taken against the possible damage. In this paper, the system composition, operation criteria, operation result were presented.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2022

The informal economy is a large part of the urban economy. The informal economy accounts for about half of Pakistan's GDP. This research examined nine different areas of Rawalpindi's Central Business District's business sector (CBD). A survey of 404 respondents from 16 CBD marketplaces enables a comprehensive examination of who works in the informal and formal economic sectors, how much they earn, their goals, perception of their job, and their degree of similarity to the rest of the working population. Furthermore, the statistics illustrate the pro-cyclical connections between the informal economic sector and the formal economy. The Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) technique is used for the analysis. The MLR results indicated the informal economic sector holds positive relation with earning members in a family, business expertise, average business sale, and negative relation with education level, satisfaction with government tax policies, household expense, and average investment in the business. From a resilience standpoint, governance is considered an intentional collective action to preserve a stable system condition. Hence, the current study recommends tax reforms and government institution reorganization to mobilize the informal sector and make effective institutional governance.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2020년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.63-64
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how construction sites workers experience adaptation processes in relation to the prevention of safety accidents in the workplace through the method of grounded theory. In order to understand the experience of preventing safety accidents of workers at construction sites, a grounded theory analysis method was chosen. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the first questionnaire was sent to 17 people working in the construction site by e-mail, and the participants of the study were met one by one for in-depth interviews. As a result of this study, the paradigm model of the experience of preventing safety accidents of workers at construction sites was classified into causal conditions, contextual conditions, central phenomena, intervening conditions, action/interactions, and outcomes. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, forming a safety culture that can improve the safety awareness of construction sites is a priority. Second, it is necessary to improve self-management capabilities so that construction workers can accurately diagnose their current state such as their own body, emotion, and cognition and provide appropriate safety education. Third, providing safety education for construction workers with negative thoughts or distorted beliefs about safety accidents needs to include psychological treatment and counseling, such as methods of emotional purification, methods of relieving and managing stress, and methods of removing trauma.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

Purpose: Using green supply chain management (GSCM), the current study focuses on the fashion design industry as a central player in promoting an eco-conscious consumption culture by creating awareness of the need to produce and consume eco-friendly fashion products instead of only capitalizing on the shifting consumer tastes, preferences, and expectations. Research design, data and methodology: This study selected a PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist as a research methodology. The purpose is the detailed and disinterested evaluation of all the published information related to the topic of the research. Results: This study suggests brief solutions of the GSCM based on the five categories of sustainable fashion activities that contribute to the development of eco-friendly fashion designs and marketing strategies. This strategy employed by firms to promote sustainable production and consumption is a major factor in enhancing consumers' environmental awareness. Conclusions: The study delves into how brands in the fashion design industry provide a platform for collective action by investing in educational campaigns and transparent communication, collaborating with various stakeholders to maximize awareness of the need for eco-conscious consumption and the availability of green fashion products. Practitioners should consider developing a comprehensive framework to assess the feasibility of different awareness strategies and purchase stimulation approaches.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.22
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• 2021

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have strong immunosuppressive activity and are morphologically similar to conventional monocytes and granulocytes. The development and classification of these cells have, however, been controversial. The activation network of MDSCs is relatively complex, and their mechanism of action is poorly understood, creating an avenue for further research. In recent years, MDSCs have been found to play an important role in immune regulation and in effectively inhibiting the activity of effector lymphocytes. Under certain conditions, particularly in the case of tissue damage or inflammation, MDSCs play a leading role in the immune response of the central nervous system. In cancer, however, this can lead to tumor immune evasion and the development of related diseases. Under cancerous conditions, tumors often alter bone marrow formation, thus affecting progenitor cell differentiation, and ultimately, MDSC accumulation. MDSCs are important contributors to tumor progression and play a key role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis, and even reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, a number of studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play a key regulatory role in many clinical diseases. In light of these studies, this review discusses the origin of MDSCs, the mechanisms underlying their activation, their role in a variety of clinical diseases, and their function in immune response regulation.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.29.1-29.20
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• 2020

The development of refractory tumor cells limits therapeutic efficacy in cancer by activating mechanisms that promote cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and survival. Benzimidazole anthelmintics have broad-spectrum action to remove parasites both in human and veterinary medicine. In addition to being antiparasitic agents, benzimidazole anthelmintics are known to exert anticancer activities, such as the disruption of microtubule polymerization, the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle (G2/M) arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and blockage of glucose transport. These antitumorigenic effects even extend to cancer cells resistant to approved therapies and when in combination with conventional therapeutics, enhance anticancer efficacy and hold promise as adjuvants. Above all, these anthelmintics may offer a broad, safe spectrum to treat cancer, as demonstrated by their long history of use as antiparasitic agents. The present review summarizes central literature regarding the anticancer effects of benzimidazole anthelmintics, including albendazole, parbendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole, oxibendazole, oxfendazole, ricobendazole, and flubendazole in cancer cell lines, animal tumor models, and clinical trials. This review provides valuable information on how to improve the quality of life in patients with cancers by increasing the treatment options and decreasing side effects from conventional therapy.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.173-197
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• 2022

Treatment options for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have expanded considerably over the past few decades. Whereas neurohormonal modulation remains central to the management of patients with HFrEF, other pathways have been targeted with drugs that have novel mechanisms of action. The angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) which enhance levels of compensatory molecules such as the natriuretic peptides while simultaneously providing angiotensin receptor blockade have emerged as the preferred strategy for inhibiting the renin angiotensin system. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors which were developed as hypoglycemic agents have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HF regardless of their diabetic status. These agents along with beta blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the core medical therapies for patients with HFrEF. Additional approaches using ivabradine to slow heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm, the hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate combination to unload the heart, digoxin to provide inotropic support and vericiguat to augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate production have been shown in well-designed trials to have beneficial effects in the HFrEF population and are used as adjuncts to the core therapies in selected patients. This review provides an overview of the medical management of patients with HFrEF with focus on the major developments that have taken place in the field. It offers prospective of how these drugs should be employed in clinical practice and also a glimpse into some strategies that may prove to be useful in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2004

The arterial pressure is regulated by the nervous and humoral mechanisms. The neuronal regulation is mostly carried out by the autonomic nervous system through the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key area for the cardiovascular regulation, and the humoral regulation is mediated by a number of substances, including the angiotensin (Ang) II and vasopressin. Recent studies suggest that central interleukin-1 (IL-1) activates the sympathetic nervous system and produces hypertension. The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether IL-1 and Ang II interact in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to the stress of hemorrhage. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and both femoral arteries were cannulated for direct measurement of arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) and for inducing hemorrhage. A guide cannula was placed into the lateral ventricle for injection of IL-1 $(0.1,\;1,\;10,\;20\;ng/2\;{\mu}l)$ or Ang II $(600\;ng/10\;{\mu}l)$. A glass microelectrode was inserted into the RVLM to record the single unit spike potential. Barosensitive neurons were identified by an increased number of single unit spikes in RVLM following intravenous injection of nitroprusside. I.c.v. $IL-1\;{\beta}$ increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a dose-dependent fashion, but HR in a dose-independent pattern. The baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was not affected by i.c.v. $IL-1\;{\beta}$. Both i.c.v. $IL-1\;{\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$ produced similar increase in MAP and HR. When hemorrhage was induced after i.c.v. injection of $IL-1\;{\beta}$, the magnitude of MAP fall was not different from the control. The $IL-1\;{\beta}$ group showed a smaller decrease in HR and a lower spike potential count in RVLM than the control. MAP fall in response to hemorrhage after i.c.v. injection of Ang II was not different from the control. When both IL-1 and Ang II were simultaneously injected i.c.v., however, MAP fall was significantly smaller than the control, and HR was increased rather than decreased. These data suggest that IL-1, a defense immune mediator, manifests a hypertensive action in the central nervous system and attenuates the hypotensive response to hemorrhage by interaction with Ang II.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.33-60
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• 2015

본 연구는 다문화 가족 부부의 이혼을 예방하고 이혼으로 인한 충격들을 완화할 수 있는 방안들을 마련하기 위해 이혼을 경험한 결혼이주여성 15명을 대상으로 국제결혼선택에서부터 결혼생활, 이혼, 이혼 후의 생활까지의 과정을 근거이론으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 중심현상은'어긋난 현실에 대한 저항(탈구)하다'였으며, 인과적 조건은'생존을 위해 탈출하다', '기대와 현실의 격차를 실감하다'였으며, 중재적 조건은'남편 실체 알게 되다','절망하다','마음 추수리지못함'이었으며, 맥락적 조건은'하녀 취급당하다', '가정폭력 피해자 되다', '일단 살고 보자고 결심함', '미래 삶의 담보 마련함', '주변화 되다', '이방인 의식이 들다'였다. 작용/상호작용 전략은'지지체계 구축 하다', '새 삶의 의욕 다지다', '사회 정체성 재구성 하다', 결과는'정착지 마련하다'였으며, 핵심범주는'해체를 통한 안전한 정착지 찾기'였다. 이혼유형은 대처성장형, 해방안주형, 생활눌림형, 유랑지속형으로 분류되었으며 이혼과정과 상황모형이 제시되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다문화 가족 이혼예방과 이혼 후 충격을 완화할 수 있는 정책적, 실천적 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.290-295
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• 2011

치아형성 과정 중 치배 주위의 물리적 작용이나 대사 환경의 변화로 치아 발생은 영향을 받을 수 있다. 유치열기에 가해진 외상은 계승 영구치의 발생에 장애를 초래시킬 수 있는 가장 대표적인 물리적 요인으로 이로 인한 합병증으로 계승 영구치의 법랑질 변색 및 저형성증이 가장 흔히 발생하고 드물게 매복, 이소 맹출, 치근 형성 정지 및 치근 만곡 등이 나타난다. 본 증례에서는 만 6세 5개월의 여자 어린이 환자가 안면부 외상을 주소로 내원하여 상악 좌우 유중절치의 정출성 탈구, 상악 우측 유측절치의 함입성 탈구, 상악 좌측 유측절치의 구개측 측방 탈구로 진단되었고, 상악 치은부의 열상과 상악 전치부의 치조골 골절이 관찰되었다. 내원 당일 치과 응급실에서 동요도가 심한 상악 좌우 유중절치의 발치 후 치은 봉합술을 시행하였다. 24개월 정기 검진 중 방사선 사진 상에서 상악 좌,우측 측절치의 백악 법랑 경계(Cemento enamel junction, CEJ) 근방에 치근 만곡이 관찰되었고 상악 중절치 치근의 치관부 1/3부위에서 치근 형성이 정지되고 있는 양상이 관찰되었다. 치조골 골절이 어린이에서 흔하게 나타나는 외상의 유형은 아니나 본 증례에서와 같이 치근 발육이상 등 여러 합병증을 일으킬 수 있으므로 외상을 입은 환아에서 치조골 골절 여부에 대한 면밀한 검사 및 주기적인 검진은 예후 예측 및 향후 치료에 있어서 중요할 것이다.