• 대한약리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1991

Racemic ketamine을 사용하여 개구리의 좌골신경 및 toe muscle에 대한 작용을 관찰하였다. 실험방법으로는 214 mM sucrose을 사용하여 서로 다른 두 종류의 투여 방법으로 세포막의 활동 전압에 대한 영향을 electric recording으로 관찰하였다. 즉, intracellular 투여는 single sucrose gap technique으로, extracellar 투여는 double sucrose gap technique을 사용하였으며 그 실험 결과는 아래와 같았다. 1. Racemic ketamine은 개구리의 좌골신경 및 toe muscle의 활동전압을 intracellular 및 extracellular 투여시 모두 의의 있게 억제하였다. 2. 개구의 toe muscle에서 $K^+$-수축을 억제하였다. 3. naloxone은 ketamine의 억제작용을 완전히 차단하지는 못하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.379-400
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude and distribution of stress using a photoelastic model from the mandibular distal extension removable partial dentures with the mesial or distal placement of the occlusal rest and the mesial or distal connection in the back-action clasp with the five various designs of the back-action clasp, that is, the mesial connection and the distal rest, the distal connection and mesial rest, the mesial connection and mesial rest, the distal connection and the mesial and distal rest, and the mesial connection, and the mesial and distal rest. A photoelastic model was made of the epoxy resin(PC-1) and the hardner(PLH-1) with the acrylic resin teeth used and was coated with the plastic cement-1 at the lingual surface of the model and then five kinds of the removable partial dentures on the photoelastic model were set. A unilateral vertical load of 12.5 kg was applied on the central fossa of the first molar with the use of specially designed loading device and the pattern and distribution of the stress of the photoelastic model under each condition was analyzed by the reflective circular polariscope. The following results were obtained. 1. In the back-action clasp with the mesial connection and mesial rest of the case 3, the effect of the stress distribution was the most favorable. 2. In the back-action clasp with the mesial and distal rest, of the case 4 and 5, the stress distribution was more greatly showed in the terminal abutment. 3. Generally, the stress distribution was more favarable in the mesial connection than in the distal connection. 4. In the back-action clasp with the mesial connection of the case 1, 3 and 5, the stress distribution was the most favorable in the mesial rest.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2002

The blood pressure (BP) is regulated by the nervous system and humoral factors, such as renin- angiotensin system, vasopressin and others. In the present study, we examined the central effects of glutamate and GABA on the cardiovascular regulation by injection of these substances into the lateral ventricle and also investigated the relationship between these central effects and the action of angiotensin II (Ang). Male Sprague Dawley rats, $350{\sim}400$ g, were anesthetized with urethane and instrumented with an arterial catheter for direct measurement of BP and heart rate (HR), and an guide cannula in the lateral ventricle for drug injection. A glass microelectode was inserted into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) for recording single unit spikes. Barosensitive neurons were identified by changes of single unit spikes in RVLM following intravenous injection of nitroprusside and phenylephrine. The effects of GABA and glutamate injected into the lateral ventricle were studied in single neuronal activity of the RVLM in addition to changes in BP and heart rate, and compared the results before and after treatment with intravenous losartan, nonpeptide Ang II-type 1 receptor antagonist (1 mg/100 g BW). Intracerebroventricular administration of GABA decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR, but increased the firing rates in the RVLM. However, intracerebroventricular glutamate injection produced effects opposite to GABA. After pretreatment of intravenous losartan, the central effects of GABA on BP and firing rate in the RVLM were significantly attenuated and that of glutamate showed a tendency of attenuation. These results suggested that central GABA and glutamate regulated BP and firing rates in RVLM were inversely related to BP change. The central effects of GABA or glutamate on the autonomic nervous function were modulated by humoral factor, Ang II, by maintaining BP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5445-5451
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• 2015

Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-bundling protein that induces cell membrane protrusions, increases cell motility, and is overexpressed in various human epithelial cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We analyzed various protein-protein interactions (PPI) of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs), in fascin knockdown ESCC cells, to explore the role of fascin overexpression. The node-degree distributions indicated these PPI sub-networks to be characterized as scale-free. Subcellular localization analysis revealed DEGs to interact with other proteins directly or indirectly, distributed in multiple layers of extracellular membrane-cytoskeleton/ cytoplasm-nucleus. The functional annotation map revealed hundreds of significant gene ontology (GO) terms, especially those associated with cytoskeleton organization of FSCN1. The Random Walk with Restart algorithm was applied to identify the prioritizations of these DEGs when considering their relationship with FSCN1. These analyses based on PPI network have greatly expanded our comprehension of the mRNA expression profile following fascin knockdown to future examine the roles and mechanisms of fascin action.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.819-824
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• 1997

This paper presents a cell-based motion control strategy for soccer playing mobile robots. In the central robot motion planner, the planar ground is divided into rectangular cells with variable sizes and motion indices to which direction the mobile robot should move. At every time the multiple objects-the goal gate, ball, and robots-detected, integer values of motion indices are assigned to the cells occupied by mobile robots. Once the indices being calculated, the most desirable state-action pair is chosen from the state and action sets to achieve successful soccer game strategy. The proposed strategy is computationally simple enough to be used for fast robotic soccer system.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 1984

A ginseng preparation (GP) consisting of ginseng ex., lycium fructus ex., four kinds of vitamines and caffein was evaluated for acute toxicity and general pharmacology. Average lethal doses $(LD_{50})$ of GP in male mice were 2,988mg/kg (i.p.) and more than 3g/kg (p.o.). In dosage of 300 and 900mg/kg (p.o.) showed no analgesic activity in both tests of the writhing method induced by acetic acid and of tail pressure method and no effect on the pentetrazole-induced convulsion. However, it appeared to have a hypothermic action only in dose of 900mg/kg. The duration of hypnosis induced by hexobarbital sodium in mice was shortened by GP, being probably due to caffein. GP Produced no marked contraction of isolated ileum and uterus in high concentrations of up to $1{\pm}10^{-3}g/ml$. These results suggested that GP did not show any considerable central nervous depressant activity and exhibited very weak actue toxicity in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1993

Vertebrate retinal neurons, like brain tracts farm complex synaptic relations in the enter and inner plexiform layers which ape equivalent to the central nervous system nuclei. The effects of $\gamma-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and glycine on retinal neurons were explored to discern the mechanisms of action of neurotransmitters. Experiments were performed in the superfused retina-eyecup preparation of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using intracellular electrophysiological techniques. The roles of GABA and glycine as inhibitory neurotransmitters are well established in the vertebrate retina. But, we found that the depolarizing action of GABA and glycine on third-order neurons in the catfish retina. GABA and glycine appeared to act on retinal ueurons based on the observations that (1) effects on photoreceptors were not observed, (2) horizontal cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}33%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}67%)$, (3) bipolar cells were all hyperpolarized (4) amacrine and ganglion cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}37%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}63%)$, (5) GABA and glycine may be working to suppress presynaptic inhibition. The results suggest that depolarization of third-order neurons by GABA and glycine is due to at least two mechanisms; a direct postsynaptic effect and an indirect effect. Therefore, in the catfish retina, a mechanism of presynaptic inhibition or disinhibition including the direct postsynaptic effect may exist in the third-order neurons.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 1993

To elucidate the action of the cholinergic and ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic nerve on the isolated ileal smooth muscle of the dog, effect a of electrical field stimulation were investigated on the pretreatment of the physostigmine; cholinestrase inhibitor, yohimbine; ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor blocker, atropine ; cholinergic receptor blocker and phentolamine; non-selective $\alpha$-adrenoceptor blocker from physiograph. 1. The contractile response induced by electrical field stimulation was the frequency (2-40 Hz)-dependent manner. 2. The contractile response induced by electrical field stimulation was markedly increased by the pretreatment of physostigmine$(1{\mu}M)$; cholinestrase inhibitor. 3. The contractile response induced by electrical field stimulation was increased by the pretreatment of yohimbine$(1{\mu}M)$; ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor blocker. These finding suggest that it was powerful excitatory action by cholinergic nerve and inhibitory action by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic nerve on ileal smooth muscle of the dog.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2005

In the 40 years since the first benzodiazepine was brought into clinical use there has been a substantial growth in understanding the molecular basis of action of these drugs and the role of their receptors in anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepine receptors are present throughout the brain with the highest concentration in cortex, and it potentiate and prolong the synaptic action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Central benzodiazepine receptors and $GABA_A$ receptors are part of the same macromolecular complex. Abnormalities of these $GABA_A$-benzodiazepine receptors as a result of drug challenge tests and neuroimaging studies may underlie some anxiety disorders. The role of $GABA_A$-benzodiazepine receptors in the action of benzodiazepine and as a factor in anxiety disorder, in both animal and humans including knock-out and knock in technique, may lead to new anxiolytics that have potentially significant therapeutic gains without unwanted side effects.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1978

Ban formulated the concept of 'sympathetic center' and 'parasympathetic center' in the central nervous system, and Folkow et al. reported that the electric stimulation of the posterior part of hypothalamus induced the marked liberation of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla. Tatum reported that the hyperglycemic action of picrotoxin is contributed to the cathecholamines liberation from adrenal medulla by the excitation of hypothalamus via splanchnic nervous plexus. In this paper, the relationship between the convulsive action and the hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was investigated, with references to the influences of several drugs related with adrenergic function and two intravenous anesthetics on the picrotoxin hyperglycemia. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) There was no difference between the convulsive dose(1. 5mg/kg) and the subconvulsive dose (0.75mg/kg) of picrotoxin in its hyperglycemic effect that was not affected with the phenobarbital pretreatment, but the efficacy of its hyperglycemic action was more prominent than that of strychnine. 2) The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was markedly suppressed by the pretreatment of thiopental or ketamine. 3) The hyperglycemic effect was not affected by the reserpine pretreatment, but the effect was markedly suppressed by the pretreatment of iproniazid or chlorpromazine. 4) The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment of hexamethonium, propranolol or guanethidine, and the order of those suppressing efficacy was propranolol> hexamethonium> guanethidine.