• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.59-67
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• 1995

부분간섭조명과 central obscuration의 Optical Transfer Function(OTF) 에의 영향을 조사해보고, 이의 programing 기법을 소개하며, 모든 3차 수차와 5차 구면수차가 제거된 5반사광학계에 적용하여 축소배율(M = +1/5)을 갖는 리소그래피용 광학계로서의 가능성을 알아보았다. 이렇게 하여 얻어진 광학계 central obscuration이 약 31%이고 과월을 ArF excimer 레이저( 파장 0.193$\mu$m) 로 하는 nearly inchorent illumination($\sigma$ = 1.0)인 경우 NA가 0.45이며 분해능이 50% MTF 기준치와 초점심도 0.8$\mu$m에 대해 약 600cycles/mm 정도인 성능을 갖는 시스템이 되었다.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the plan of central area in Pienza town. The nucleus of the plan was the principal square with the surrounding buildings - Cathedral, Piccolomini, Episcopal and Communal palace, focused attention on the first city plan of the Renaissance. The results of study are as follow: 1. The plan of central area in Pienza town is formed by relation with each other, in which theory including the "De re aedificatoria" of Alberti and practical plan of Pienza were united. 2. Though the plan of Pienza is not total city planning for new function and system, it has a many influence for city planning, square type and building disposition, through new project method as a result of prospective at central area in Pienza town 3. The square plan is formed of centripetal role to integrate with harmony the partial units of each other from diverse elements in scale, function, style and type of buildings, in which it can characteristics of the beginning of Renaissance. 4. Not only composition of plan, elevation and section of the Cathedral, Piccolomini and Episcopal palace, but composition of opennings are formed of proportional system of 1:1, 1:${\surd}$2, 1:2 etc.. And such proportional systems is composed of relation with each other in harmony, deciding width, length and height from among part and part, whole and part for spatial and formal composition.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5825-5831
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• 2013

Background/Objectives: Maintenance of cellular function in culture is vital for transfer and development following adoptive immunotherapy. Dual properties of IL-21 in activating T cells and reducing activation induced cell death led us to explore the mechanism of action of IL-21 enhanced proliferation and cytotoxic potential of CIK cells. Method: CIK cells cultured from PBMCs of healthy subjects were stimulated with IL-21 and cellular viability and cytotoxicity to K562 cells were measured. To elucidate the mechanism of action of IL-21, mRNA expression of cytotoxic factors was assessed by RT-PCR and protein expression of significantly important cytotoxic factors and cytokine secretion were determined through flow cytometry and ELISA. Western blotting was performed to check the involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway following stimulation. Results: We found that IL-21 did not enhance in vitro proliferation of CIK cells, but did increase the number of cells expressing the CD3+/CD56+ phenotype. Cytotoxic potential was increased with corresponding increase in perforin ($0.9831{\pm}0.1265$ to $0.7592{\pm}0.1457$), granzyme B ($0.4084{\pm}0.1589$ to $0.7319{\pm}0.1639$) and FasL ($0.4015{\pm}0.2842$ to $0.7381{\pm}0.2568$). Interferon gamma and TNF-alpha were noted to increase ($25.8{\pm}6.1ng/L$ to $56.0{\pm}2.3ng/L$; and $5.64{\pm}0.61{\mu}g/L$ to $15.14{\pm}0.93{\mu}g/L$, respectively) while no significant differences were observed in the expression of granzyme A, TNF-alpha and NKG2D, and NKG2D. We further affirmed that IL-21 signals through the STAT-3 and STAT-5b signaling pathway in the CIK cell pool. Conclusion: IL-21 enhances cytotoxic potential of CIK cells through increasing expression of perforin, granzyme B, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The effect is brought about by the activation of STAT-3 and STAT-5b proteins.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.533-544
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• 1995

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, pregressive, demyelinating, disease of the central nervous system. It is named for the formation of disseminated scarlike lesions primarily in the central white mattrer of the brain and spinal cord. These plaques are commonly found in the regions of the optic tracts, third and fourth ventricles, basal ganglia, midbrain, pons, and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis is an unpredictable disease, typically presenting with an exacerbating-remitting course, although other clinical courses have been recognized. Common clinical findings include disturbances in sensation, muscle strength, tone, fatigue, coordination, vision, communication, bladder and bowel function, and cognitive and behavioral function. Physical therapy of the patient with multiple sclerosis is centered around decreasing symptoms, improving function, prevention secondary complications, and promoting successful psychological adjustment. It requires the comprehensive efforts of a health care team to provide coordinated and continuing care.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.615-617
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• 2008

A novel and compact elliptic-function bandpass filter is proposed in this letter. The techniques of slot etching and the addition of open stubs are applied to enhance the self-inductance and self-capacitance of hexagonal open-loop resonators. Thus, size reduction and improved transmission performance are obtained. Compared to the performance of the conventional design, the central frequency and insertion loss are reduced by 28% and 3.1 dB, respectively. Measurements show that the proposed filter has a fraction bandwidth of 23% at the central frequency of 1.84 GHz, and its insertion loss in the passband is less than -1.5 dB. The bandpass filter occupies only 12 mm${\times}$21.2 mm (approximately $0.24{\lambda}_g{\times}0.14{\lambda}_g$).

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.781-795
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• 2020

In this paper, we obtain an analytical solution for an unsolved definite integral RC (m, n) from a 1915 paper of Srinivasa Ramanujan. We obtain our solution using the hypergeometric approach and an infinite series decomposition identity. Also, we give some generalizations of Ramanujan's integral RC (m, n) defined in terms of the ordinary hypergeometric function 2F3 with suitable convergence conditions. Moreover as applications of our result we obtain nine new infinite summation formulas associated with the hypergeometric functions 0F1, 1F2 and 2F3.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Breathing is controlled by complex interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems in conjunction with the respiratory system. Neurological diseases predispose patients to nocturnal desaturation and pneumonia due to respiratory dysfunction, which increases mortality, daytime sleepiness and fatigue, and reduces the quality of life. Respiratory function tests are required to identify respiratory function decline and to consider compensatory management. This review summarizes the characteristics of several respiratory function tests and their applications to neurological diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlation between the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strengthening training on an unstable support surface and a stable support surface in stroke patients. METHODS: The study subjects were 22 stroke patients undergoing central nervous system developmental rehabilitation treatment. After excluding six dropouts, eight people in the experimental group and eight people in the control groups were classified by random sampling. Both groups performed central nervous system developmental rehabilitation therapy and were provided a 10-minute break. The experimental group was provided with an unstable support surface using Togu, and the control group was trained to strengthen the respiratory muscle in a stable support surface. Respiratory muscle strengthening training was conducted three times per week for 20 minutes. Before and after each group of experiments, a nonparametric test Wilcoxon signed rank test, and a Mann Whitney U-test analysis were used to analyze the variations between the two groups. All statistical significance levels (α) were set at 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups showed increases in the pulmonary function but showed significant differences only in the experimental group. There was a significant difference in the peak expiratory flow between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Central nervous system development rehabilitation treatment for patients with an impaired nervous system and respiratory muscle strengthening training on unstable support surfaces are effective in improving the pulmonary function of stroke patients. Therefore, they are expected to be applied to physical therapy programs to help various functional activities.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.475-490
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• 2019

The detection of structural damage without a priori information on the healthy state is challenging. In order to address the issue, the study presents a baseline-free approach to detect damage in beam structures based on an actual influence line. In particular, a multi-segment function-fitting calculation is developed to extract the actual deflection influence line (DIL) of a damaged beam from bridge responses due to a passing vehicle. An intact basis function based on the measurement position is introduced. The damage index is defined as the difference between the actual DIL and a constructed function related to the intact basis, and the damage location is indicated based on the local peak value of the damage index curve. The damage basis function is formulated by using the detected damage location. Based on the intact and damage basis functions, damage severity is quantified by fitting the actual DIL using the least-square calculation. Both numerical and experimental examples are provided to investigate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that the present baseline-free approach is effective in detecting the damage of beam structures.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.324-327
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• 1995

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a relatively benign condition of young to middle-aged men, characterized by serous detachment of central retina as a consequence of focal leakage of fluid from the choriocapillaris through a defect in the retinal pigment epithelium. Approximately 80% of central serous chorioretinopathy undergo spontaneous resolution within 6 months. However 20 to 30% of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy have one or more recurrences and undergo chronic courses. In these cases laser photocoagulation is used to burn the leakage site directly, but there is no evidence that it reduces the chance of permanent loss of visual function and recurrence. We have administered stellate ganglion blocks (SGB) on a 43 year old male patient with central serous chorioretinopathy with multiple recurrences and experienced good results. We therefore recommend SGB as an effective treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy in conjunction with other ophthalmological treatments.