• 경제분석
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.71-133
• /
• 2020

한국은행법 제정(1950.5.5)과 한국은행 설립(1950.6.12)으로 우리나라 최초의 근대적 중앙은행제도가 도입되었다. 연준 직원 2명(블룸필드 미션: A. Bloomfield와 J. Jensen)이 1949년 9월 방한하여 약 반년 동안 작성한 법률 초안이 제정 한국은행법의 모태였다. 그럼에도, 블룸필드 미션이 기술지원을 수행하게 된 경위나 시대적 맥락에 대한 본격적 분석은 지금껏 거의 없는 것으로 보인다. 연준이사회 직원이던 타마냐(F. Tamagna)가 미국 ECA 대표 자격으로 제시한 제안을 한국정부가 받아들였다는 정도의 사실만 알려져 있을 뿐이다. 이 글은 우선 사료(史料)를 통해 블룸필드 미션의 성립 경위를 재구성하고 당시의 시대적 맥락을 파악하고자 시도한다. 1949~50년은 미·소 대립 속에 전 세계가 냉전으로 치닫던 시기였다. 이 글은 블룸필드 미션이 당시 대한 부흥원조당국이던 주한ECA와 함께 미국 대외정책(냉전정책)의 산물이었다는 점과, 동 미션의 기술지원이 처음부터 주한ECA가 추진하던 경제안정화 프로그램의 일환으로 구상·편제되었다는 점을 새롭게 밝힌다. 당시의 시대적 상황을 여건으로 본다면, 이러한 사실은 블룸필드 미션이 역사적 필연이었음을 시사한다. 다음으로, 이 글은 블룸필드 미션의 법률 초안이 완성되는 과정과 재무부로 제출된 동 초안이 정부 검토를 거쳐 국회로 부의된 후 본회의를 통과하기까지의 과정을 각각 조명한 후 제정 한국은행법의 핵심 내용을 검토한다. 한편, 이 글은 법률적 지속성의 관점에서 현행 한국은행법 조문 대부분에서 제정법이 지금도 살아 숨 쉬고 있음을 확인한다. 끝으로, 양질의 제정법이 나오는 데에 기여한 것으로 보이는 다섯 가지 주된 요인도 논의한다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.19-40
• /
• 2017

This paper analyzes the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies mainly in the context of the non-cooperation among policy authorities. Each policy authority's optimal response is to tighten its policy measures when other authorities' policy measures are loosened. This indicates that the two policies are substitutes for each other. This result still holds when an additional financial stability mandate is assigned to the central bank. The condition for the response functions to converge to a Nash equilibrium state is analyzed along with the speed of convergence, showing that they depend on the authorities' preferences and the number of mandates assigned to policy authorities. If the financial supervisory authority (FSA) assigns greater importance to the output gap or a stronger financial stability mandate is assigned to the central bank (CB), the probability of non-convergence increases and the speed of convergence declines even when the condition of convergence is satisfied. Meanwhile, if the CB considers output stability as an important task, the probability of convergence and the speed of converging to a state of equilibrium are high. Finally, when a single mandate or small number of mandates is/are assigned to each authority, stability is more quickly restored as compared to when many mandates are assigned.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.71-88
• /
• 2006

This article want to discuss on comparative research between CHIPS and Fedwire as the cross-border payment systems which America have and use at present. CHIPS is a New York-based automated private-sector clearing facility for large-dollar transfers. It is a central switch communication and settlement system whose 53 participating banks exchange same-day payment messages over dedicated communication lines linking each one to the CHIPS central computer. On January 22, 2001, CHIPS introduced immediate finality for payment released from the CHIPS queue. Unlike the Fedwire system, The CHIPS system is not a real-time gross settlement system. Instead, CHIPS is hybrid system that uses a computer program to select payment order in a queue for release to the receiving bank. CHIPS are governed by CHIPS Rules and Administrative Procedures. Fedwire system is a nationwide electronic fund-transfer system facilitating same-day transfers throughout the United States. It is a gross settlement system providing immediate credit to the receiving bank's master account. Communicating between a Federal Reserve Bank and Fedwire users can be either on-line or off-line. Fedwire transfers are governed by Subpart B of Regulation J, issued by the Federal Reserve Board, which incorporates U.C.C. Article 4A but preempts or supersedes any of its inconsistent provisions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제7권10호
• /
• pp.369-376
• /
• 2020

Credit capital from customers' savings deposit (CSD) of banks has an important meaning in the business activities of the banking industry. There are many factors that influence the CSD satisfaction with banks. Certain changes have been made when there are fluctuations due to COVID-19. The article is based on an analysis assessing the factors that influence the CSD satisfaction of Vietnamese commercial banks in the context of COVID-19. The authors use a sample of 1,639 CSD. The results show that there are three variables that positively affect CSD satisfaction, including legal provisions of the Central bank (Legal), policies and mechanisms of commercial banks (Policy), and products of commercial banks (Product). Accordingly, in order to contribute to strengthening this capital mobilization of savings deposit, the Central bank of Vietnam needs to play a pivotal role in the regulations of the banking system to ensure its stability; control well monetary policy, interest rates, and inflation to keep a stable position in the economy; and provide timely financial support packages to enhance the confidence of CSD. Moreover, Vietnamese commercial banks need flexible policies and mechanisms to stimulate CSD; strengthen support on deposit rates for CSD; and diversify products to easily adapt to each CSD's situation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.861-876
• /
• 2022

Cryptoassets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are widely traded around the world. Cryptocurrencies are also transferred between investors. Cryptocurrency has become a new and attractive means of remittance. Thus, blockchain-based smart contracts also attract attention when central banks design digital currencies. However, it has been discovered that a significant amount of cryptoassets on blockchain are lost or stranded for a variety of reasons, including the loss of the private key or the owner's death. To address this issue, we propose a method for recoverable transactions that would replace the traditional transaction by allowing cryptoassets to be sent to a backup account address after a deadline has passed. We provide the computational workload required for our method by analyzing the prototype. The method proposed in this paper can be considered as a good model for digital currency design, including central bank digital currency (CBDC).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제66권
• /
• pp.467-476
• /
• 2023

오미자(Schisandra chinensis)는 오미자과에 속하는 낙엽활엽덩굴식물로 한국, 일본, 중국, 대만 등 동아시아에 널리 분포한다. 오미자에 함유된 주요 성분에는 리그난 화합물뿐만 아니라 트리테르페노이드 화합물도 포함되어 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 한국 산지별 오미자의 특성을 구별하기 위해 대사산물 프로파일링과 다변량 통계 분석 기법인 PCA을 수행하여 판별식을 설정하였고, 그 결과 triterpenoids 16종, lignan 9종, flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, fatty acid 각 1종을 동정하였다. 또한 다변량 통계분석을 통해 OPLS-DA의 s-plot 모델을 적용하여 단양, 문경, 거창, 평창의 4개 그룹을 구분하는 것을 확인하였고, lanostane, cycloartane, 그리고 schiartane triterpenoid, dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan 이 각각 화학적마커로 동정하였다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.315-324
• /
• 2011

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected nature-friendly small stream bank protection of Goesan, central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods which was nature-friendly stream bank protection. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which were a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo-green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about vegetation conditions each method in 2007. We selected six points to separately investigate in left and right bank. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, H environment block method (9.7) was the highest average of vegetation coverage and Firefly block method (3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.2078-2082
• /
• 2009

Riparian vegetation distribution patterns and diversity relative to various fluvial geomorphic channel patterns, stream bank stabilization methods, and stream flow processes are described and interpreted for selected stream of Goesan, Central Korea. Idong Stream Pilot Project, which began in May 2003 and finished in December 2003, was selected to develop effective methods. The project aim to maintain or increase stream bank stabilization ecosystem goods and services while protecting downstream and stream bank ecosystem. A number of protecting methods which are a Flight of fieldstone, Vegetation block, Green river block, Stone net, Green environment block, Eco friendly cobble, Vegetation mat and Geo green cell and Firefly block were applied on the bank of Idong stream. The stream sites have been monitored about flora conditions each method in 2007. We selected 12 points for summer seasons to separately investigate in left bank, right bank and river bed. The main purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods and to improve stream restoration techniques for ecosystem. On the stream bank, Eco friendly cobble method(9.57) was the highest average of vegetation cover and Firefly block method(3.87) was the lowest average in applied methods.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Corona pandemic on the earning quality (EQ) of Saudi national banks. It was conducted to evaluate the measurement of the earning quality based on the Penman approach. The researchers used the analytical method to conduct the study to find the effect of this Pandemic. Data was collected from the annual reports for the period 2010 to 2020 from Saudi national banks, which are twelve according to the annual report for the Saudi central bank, and eight of them were selected as a sample of the study. The banks are Alinma Bank, Al Rajhi Bank, Bank Al Bilad, The National Commercial Bank, Bank Aljazeera, Riyad Bank, Samba Financial Group (Samba), and Arab National Bank. The study findings showed that the Corona pandemic had a negative impact on the Saudi economy, and led to deflation in 2020 by 4.1% due to the oil sector. They also showed reducing oil production by the (OPEC +) agreement to achieve stability in the oil market and the non-oil sector. It was also revealed that the profits of Saudi commercial banks in 2020 decreased by 23.1% and that the Corona pandemic had Caused the earning quality to decline in all the studied banks.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2008

In order to understand the role of seed banks for restoration, seed banks in abandoned rice fields in the Gwangneung National Arboretum, central Korea were investigated using the seedling emergence method. The study sites represented three stages: an initial stage dominated by forbs such as Persicaria thunbergii and Juncus effuses var. decipiens, a middle stage dominated by Salix, and a late stage dominated by Quercus aliena and Prunus padus (in nearby riparian forest chosen as a reference stand). DCA ordination arranged the stands according to the number of years since abandonment. CCA ordination identified the dominant environmental variables correlated most closely with Axes 1 and 2 as $Mg^{2+}$ (intraset correlation was 0.827) and $K^+$ (intraset correlation was -0.677), respectively. Species richness and diversity decreased from the initial stage (H'=2.61) to the middle (H'=1.79) and late (H'=0.75) stages. A total of 49 species $(/m^2)$ and 18,620 seedlings $(/m^2)$ emerged out of the seed bank samples. The DCA ordination and similarity analysis detected a large discrepancy between the composition of the actual vegetation and the seed bank. We conclude that the contribution of seed bank to restoration is low. However, seed bank may help the recovery of forbs after disturbance. Some of our results are consistent with the tolerance model of succession whereas others follow the trajectory of the facilitation model. More research on succession will be required to understand the underlying mechanisms.