• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.690-700
• /
• 1994

The effects of thermal stratification on the flow of a stratified fluid past a circular cylinder were examined in a wind tunnel. In order to produce strong thermal stratifications, a compact heat exchanger type variable electric heater is employed. Linear temperature gradient of up to $250^{\circ}C/m$ can be well sustained. The velocity and temperature profiles in the cylinder wake with a strong thermal gradient of $200^{\circ}C/m$ were measured and the smoke wire flow visualization method was used to investigate the wake characteristics. It is found that the temperature field effects as an active contaminant, so that the mean velocity and temperature profiles can not sustain their symmetricity about the wake centerline when such a strong thermal gradient is superimposed. It is evident that the turbulent mixing in the upper half section is stronger than that of the lower half of the wake in a stably stratified flow.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 1983

The turbulent structures of the free plane jet and two dimensional impinging jet are investigated experimentally. In order to get the two dimensional jet, the contour of the cubic equation suggested by Morel is used for a contracting nozzle. A linearized constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer is used for measurement. Mean velocities and turbulent intensities are measured along the centerline of the jet. Jet halp width spatial double velocity correlation coefficients and integral length scales are obtained. It is established that the free plane jet is truly self-preserving about 40 slot widths downstream of the nozzle. The experiments for the impinging jet are carried out at four different impingement wall locations within the self-preserving region of the free plane jet, and comparing the results with that of free plane jet, the mean velocity is changed in the region of 0.25H and turbulent intensities are affected in the region of 0.2H from the wall, respectively, where H means the distance between the nozzle exit and the wall.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가시화정보학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2005

Experiments were conducted to show the characteristics of the flow on triple parallel plane impinging jets. Measurements of mean velocity components and turbulent intensities were carried out with a particle image velocimetry(PIV) to investigate the flow field generated by the air issued from three identical plane parallel nozzles and mixed with the ambient air. The measurements range of these experiments were Reynolds number of 5000 and 1000 based on the nozzle width and the case of nozzle-to-plate distances were two times, six times and ten times the width of the nozzle. Results show that recirculation region of Re=5000 is the stronger than that of Re=1000. Therefore, velocity loss of centerline for Re=5000 that shows strongly recirculation region takes effect greatly.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2006

Flow characteristics of DI water in a microchannel with a stenosis were investigated using .a micro PIV system with varying flow rate. The width and depth of the PDMS micro-channel were $100{\mu}m\;and\;50{\mu}m$, respectively. To Investigate flow characteristics in the micro-stenosis, the same experiment was carried out in a straight microchannel under the same flow rate. The measured mean velocity fields were almost symmetric with respect to the channel centerline. The experimental results are well agreed with the theoretical Hagen-Poiseuille profile. In the contraction part of the micro-stenosis, the oncoming flow is accelerated rapidly and the maximum velocity occurs at the throat, almost 4.99 time faster than that without the stenosis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.407-419
• /
• 2018

In order to investigate flow characteristics after water inrush from the working face in process of karst tunnel construction, numerical calculation for two class case studies of water inrush is carried out by using the FLUENT software on the background of Qiyueshan tunnel. For each class water inrush from the tunnel face, five cases under different water-inrush velocity are simulated and researched. Three probing lines are selected respectively in the left tunnel, cross passage, right tunnel and in the height direction of the tunnel centerline. The variation characteristics of velocity and pressure on each probing line under the five water-inrush velocities are analyzed. As for the selected four groups probing lines in the tunnels, the change rules of velocity and pressure on each group probing lines under the same water-inrush velocity are discussed. Finally, the water flow characteristics after inrush from the tunnel face are summarized by comparing the case studies. The results indicate that: (1) The velocity and pressure change greatly at the intersection area of the cross passage and the tunnels. (2) The velocity nearby the tunnel side wall is the minimum, while it is the maximum in the middle position. (3) The pressure value of every cross section in the tunnels is basically fixed. (4) As water-inrush velocity increases, the flow velocity and pressure in the tunnels also increase. The former is approximately proportional to their respective water-inrush velocity, while the latter is not. The research results provide a theoretical basis for making scientific and rational escape routes.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.67-82
• /
• 2007

The basic building block of solar filaments/prominences is thin threads of cool plasma. We have studied the spectral properties of velocity threads, clusters of thinner density threads moving together, by analyzing a sequence of $H{\alpha}$ images of a quiescent filament. The images were taken at Big Bear Solar Observatory with the Lyot filter being successively tuned to wavelengths of -0.6, -0.3, 0.0, +0.3, and +0.6 ${\AA}$ from the centerline. The spectra of contrast constructed from the image data at each spatial point were analyzed using cloud models with a single velocity component, or three velocity components. As a result, we have identified a couple of velocity threads that are characterized by a narrow Doppler width($\Delta\lambda_D=0.27{\AA}$), a moderate value of optical thickness at the $H{\alpha}$ absorption peak($\tau_0=0.3$), and a spatial width(FWHM) of about 1". It has also been inferred that there exist 4-6 velocity threads along the line of sight at each spatial resolution element inside the filament. In about half of the threads, matter moves fast with a line-of-sight speed of $15{\pm}3km\;s^{-1}$, but in the other half it is either at rest or slowly moving with a line-of-sight velocity of $0{\pm}3km\;s^{-1}$. It is found that a statistical balance approximately holds between the numbers of blue-shifted threads and red-shifted threads, and any imbalance between the two numbers is responsible for the non-zero line-of-sight velocity determined using a single-component model fit. Our results support the existence not only of high speed counter-streaming flows, but also of a significant amount of cool matter either being at rest or moving slowly inside the filament.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.244-266
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to estimate the wear volumes of engine journal bearings operating at variable angular velocity of a shaft in the beginning of firing start-up cycle. To do this, first we find the potential region of wear scar on engine journal bearings where the applied bearing load and crank shaft velocity are variable. The potential wear regions are discovered by finding minimum oil film thickness at every crank angle existing below most oil film thickness scaring wear (MOFTSW) obtained based on the concept of the centerline average surface roughness. Then we calculate the wear volume from the wear depth and two wear angles decided by the magnitude of each film thickness lower than MOFTSW at every crank angle. The results show that the expected wear region is located at a few bearing angles after and/or behind the upper center of a big-end bearing and the lower center of a main bearing. And the real wear region is similar to the estimated wear region. Further we find that the wear scar on an engine journal bearing may occur at re-starting time after switch-off of a start motor especially under the condition of high oil temperature.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제31권9호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2003

연장된 앞전을 갖는 삼각날개 위에서 시위방향의 여러 위치에서 3축 hot 필름 풍속계를 사용하여 속도장 데이터를 획득하였다. 속도장 데이터는 받음각 24도와 32도에 대하여 중심 시위선을 기준으로 한 레이놀즈수 $1.76{\times}10^6$에서 날개면에 수직한 유동단면에서 측정하였다. 3축 hot 필름 프로브에 의한 세 가지 속도 성분을 측정함으로써 연장된 앞전을 갖는 삼각날개에서의 와류장을 정량적으로 분석할 수 있었다. 날개 와류와 LEX 와류는 평균 축방향 속도가 국소 최고 속도를 갖는 영역에 존재하였다. 아울러, 앞전 근처의 날개면 위에서 주와류와 반대 방향으로 회전하는 이차와류의 생성을 관찰할 수 있었다. 측정 프로브의 유동장에의 삽입은 와류 중심 위치에 크게 영향을 주지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2018

In the present study, we investigate the flow characteristics of a quadrotor UAV in a hovering mode by measuring multiple two-dimensional velocity fields in the wake. The experiment is conducted at Re = 24,000 in a chamber large enough to neglect the ground effect, where Re is the Reynolds number based on the rotor chord length and the rotor tip speed. The rotational speed of the rotor is determined by an optical tachometer so that the lift force can be balanced with the weight of the UAV. The velocity field measured on the center plane of the rotor shows that the vortices are shedding from the tip of the rotor, inducing large fluctuations in the streamwise velocity along the wake shear layer. The strength of the rotor-tip vortex shedding is asymmetric with respect to the rotor axis due to the interaction between the rotor and the wake centerline of each rotor is inclined to the center of the UAV due to the pressure difference caused by the induced velocity. The wake from each rotor moves closer to each other while traveling in the streamwise direction, and then is merged together inducing large fluctuations in the transverse velocity. Due to the wake merging, on the center plane of the UAV, the velocity increases in the streamwise direction showing two-peak structure in the streamwise velocity contours.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.467-475
• /
• 1997

본 연구에서는 실험개수로에 온수방류용 방류규가 있는 방파제의 모형을 설피하여 바닥\ulcorner의 유속분포를 측정하였다. 또한 3차원의 모형인 Fluent 모형을 이용하여 방파제의 방류구로부터 배출된 바닥젵의 유속구조를 수치모의하여 실험결과와 비교.검증하였으며 흐름특성을 규명하였다. 바닥젵은 자유젵에 비하여 흐름의 확립구간이 짧았으며, 종방향거리에 대한 젵 중앙유속의 감쇠율이 자유젵보다 크게 나타나고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 단순젵과 부력젵의 젵 중앙선에서의 종방향유속을 비교한 결과, 방류구 근처에서는 부력\ulcorner의 유속이 크게 발생하나 x/lQ가 15보다 큰 구간에는 도리어 작게 된다. 종방향유속의 연직분포를 비교한 결고, 방류구로부터 멀어질수록 저층에서는 단순젵의 유속이 크게 나타나며 상충에서는 단순젵의 부의 유속이 크게 나타나고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 부력젵의 경우 자유수면에서의 유속의 분리가 단순젵보다 방류구로부터 가까운 거리에서 발생한다. 부력젵의 연직방향으로의 폭은 단순젵의 폭보다 빨리 확장된다.