• 한국재난관리표준학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 신설 터널 발파 시 기존 터널 거동 및 시설물 안전에 관한 연구로서 설계 당시에는 신설 터널의 안전성에 초점을 맞추다 보니 기존 터널 내부에 설치되어 있는 제연 팬 등과 같이 시설물의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 세부적인 설계에 있어서 다소 미흡한 면이 있었다. 기존 터널의 최근 10년간 교통사고 유형을 분석한 결과 주행 중인 차량 간 긴급 상황 및 상호 장애요소 발생 시 미처 대처하지 못해 발생하는 사고가 대부분인 것을 알 수 있었다. 이런 점을 감안하여 신설 터널 시점 부 및 본선 구간 발파 시 장약량을 최소화하였고 피난연결통로 굴착은 대구경 심빼기 발파공법으로 변경 시공하여 진동을 최소화함으로써 기존 터널 내부의 시설물 안전성을 확보하였다. 정량적 분석 방법으로서는 각종 계측기를 설치하여 신설 터널 주변 민가, 기존 터널 내부 및 제연 팬 주위에 설치하여 실시간 변위를 파악하여 교통류 차단 없이 정상 흐름을 확보하였다. 향후 대도심지에 위치하면서 기존 터널과 인접한 터널 설계 시 터널 내부 시설물 안전성 확보를 위해 발파 장약량, 발파공법 및 계측방법의 개선 방안을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.851-856
• /
• 2005

Although valuable microbes have been isolated from the soil for the various productions of useful components, the microbes which can be cultivated in the laboratory are only $0.1-1\%$ of all microbes. To solve this problem, the study has recently been tried for making the valuable components from the environment by directly separating unculturable micrbial DNA in the soil. But it is known that humic acid originated from the soil interrupts various restriction enzymes and molecular biological process. Thus, in order to prevent these problems, this study modified the method separated soil DNA with phenol, CTAB and PEG. In order to compare the degree of purity for each DNA and the molecular biological application process, $A_{260}/A_{280}$ ratio, restriction enzymes, and PCR were performed. In case of DNA by the modified method, total yield of DNA was lower but $A_{260}/A_{280}$ ratio was higher than the previously reported methods. It was confirmed that the degree of purity is improved by the modified method. But it was not cut off by all kinds of tested restriction enzymes because of the operation of a very small amount of interrupting substances. When PCR was operated with each diluted DNA in different concentrations and GAPDH primer, the DNA by the modified method could be processed for PCR in the concentration of 100 times higher than by the previously reported separation method. Therefore, this experiment can find out the possibility of utilization for the unknown substances by effectively removing the harmful materials including humic acid and help establishing metagenomic DNA library from the soil DNA having the high degree of purity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2006

연구배경: 발관 실패와 관련된 위험 인자를 살펴보고, 기관내 삽관의 합병증으로 인한 후두부 폐쇄와 PES로 인한 재삽관의 위험성을 발관 전에 미리 예측하기 위한 CLT 검사의 의의 및 제한점을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 24시간 이상 삽관과 인공 호흡기 치료 후 발관을 시도한 34명의 연속적인 환자들을 대상으로 발관 실패군에서 성공군과 차이를 보이는 인자를 살펴보고 CLT 를 시행해서 PES와 재삽관을 예측하는 CLV, CLP의 기준값을 구하였다. 결 과: 총 34명중 발관 실패는 6명(17.6%), PES는 3명(8.8%) 이었고 PES가 있던 3명은 모두 재삽관을 받았다. 발관 실패 환자에서 삽관 기간이 길었고, SAPS II score가 컸으며, 삽관 기간은 CLV, CLP와 역상관관계를 보였다. PES 양성 환자의 평균 CLV은 $22.5{\pm}23.8ml$로 음성 환자의 $233.3{\pm}147.1ml$보다 낮았고, CLP도 양성군에서 $6.2{\pm}7.3%$로 음성군의 $44.3{\pm}24.7%$보다 유의하게 낮았다. 가장 신뢰성 있는 CLV, CLP의 기준값은 50 ml, 14.7% 였고 CLV의 민감도는 100%, 특이도 93.5%, 양성예측도 60%, 음성예측도 100% 였고, CLP의 민감도는 100%, 특이도 87.1%, 양성예측도 42.9%, 음성예측도 100% 였다. 결 론: 삽관 기간이 길고 중증 질환 환자에서 발관 실패의 가능성이 높다. CLV, CLP가 감소되어 있을 경우 PES로 인한 재삽관 위험이 높아지므로 발관 시 주의가 필요하지만 발관의 불필요한 연기나 시도 자체에 대한 기준은 아닐것으로 생각된다.

• 복식
• /
• 제56권8호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2006

In this study, about forty teaching materials have been analyzed in order to examine tight skirt sewing methodtreated in basic process in a college and a fashion related educational institution. The study objects limited with a belt, back centered zipper, and back double slits on a tight skirt, and used fifteen suitable teaching materials in this study. The first study result appeared that every single teaching material suggested the different way of wick adhesion which is used in zipper slit, back slit, and belt part when the skit has been manufactured in order to do a form of clothes well. Secondly, it is the case of a back slit part used for the purpose of both functionality of action and decoration, and it is the section which varies a sewing and cutting way according to seam room width of a back middle seam. However, the majority of teaching materials appeared by being selecting the way how it had cut an inseam of the back center by the both upper part of back slit. Finally, the result showed that it mentioned mainly only both sided zipper sewing method if it seems to be easy to treat the majority in a basic process even though use of a console zipper Is general on a zipper sowing way recently for several years. Also, two forms are used in the belt manufacturing, and they are based with a waist line. However, the teaching materials that were used in this study presented only a manufacture way of the straight line on the waist belt.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 2013

외부경계층 수직 날의 마찰저항 저감 기구를 규명하기 위하여 회류수조에서 시간분해 입자영상유속계로 측정된 비정상 유동장에 POD 분석을 실시하였다. 최근의 PIV 결과에서는 수직날 평면 및 수직날 사이 평면에서 각각 2.73%, 7.95%의 마찰저항 저감효과가 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 수직날 배열이 난류조직구조에 미치는 영향을 POD 방법을 통하여 분석하였다. 난류유동의 조직적인 와구조가 수직날에 의하여 절단, 변형되고 비정상 거동이 난류경계층에서의 마찰저항 저감 기구와 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 2007

디지털 홀로그래피를 이용하여 얻어진 위상정보는 위상펼침 알고리즘을 이용하여 3차원 상을 구현할 수 있다. 위상펼침 방법에는 다양한 알고리즘이 사용되고 있다. 이중 연산 시 사용하는 메모리용량이 작고 연산시간이 짧은 골드스타인 알고리즘이 많이 사용된다. 골드스타인 알고리즘은 쌍을 이루는 특이점이 아닌 다른 특이점이 가까울 때 잘못된 연산을 수행하여 잘못된 3차원 정보를 준다. 이러한 골드스타인 알고리즘의 오류를 특이점과 경계면 데이터를 이용하여 수정하였다. 수정된 알고리즘을 이용하면 분해 한계 영역의 데이터도 복원될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 수정된 알고리즘의 연산시간은 골드스타인 알고리즘보다 약 10%가 증가되지만 다른 알고리즘에 비하면 연산시간이 짧다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.763-780
• /
• 2002

The aim of this research is to analyze Vionnet´s geometric features, which can be regarded as the key formative beauty among the external characteristics of her works. and to thereby establish the theory that her works emitted a time-transcending life force because they were patterns designed based on a geometrical frame of mind. To prove such argument, studies to understand the basic geometrical aspects appearing in her works will be made by taking a look at the general features of geometry, viewing Vionnet´s philosophy for designing, and examining the geometric cutting methods. The period covered in this paper will center mainly on dresses Vionnet made from her very active days in the fashion sector, 1919. till when she retired from the fashion industry, around 1939. What's outstanding about Vionnet´s geometric principle expressed in her works is the unique cutting method that acknowledges the silhouette of the human body as a cubic or three-dimensions concept, through insight of the human body, the mechanics of the materials, and geometry. Vionnet introduced a simple and elegant design by combining geometric figure cuts, such as rectan히es. quadrants, and triangles. Moreover, she created a new sewing structure that plans everything about the materials to the tiniest detail, resulting in producing a softer style With this, Vionnet showed the geometrical correlation can bring about harmony and the beauty of ideal proportion, forming the source of eternal beauty. As discussed so fu, the geometrical characteristics appearing in Vionnet´s works are marked such as spirals, zig-zag lines, asymmetries. panels, gradation, golden proportion, and the mobius-band.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the internal adaptation of composite restorations using different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Typical class I cavities were prepared in 32 human third molars. The teeth were divided into the following four groups: 3-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step self-etch and 1-step self-etch system were used. After the dentin adhesives were applied, composite resins were filled and light-cured in two layers. Then, silver nitrate solution was infiltrated, and all of the samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after thermo-mechanical load cycling. For each image, the length to which silver nitrate infiltrated, as a percentage of the whole pulpal floor length, was calculated (%SP). To evaluate the internal adaptation using conventional method, the samples were cut into 3 pieces by two sectioning at an interval of 1 mm in the middle of the cavity and they were dyed with Rhodamine-B. The cross sections of the specimens were examined by stereomicroscope. The lengths of the parts where actual leakage was shown were measured and calculated as a percentage of real leakage (%RP). The values for %SP and %RP were compared. Results: After thermo-mechanical loading, all specimens showed significantly increased %SP compared to before thermo-mechanical loading and 1-step self-etch system had the highest %SP (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for %SP and %RP to show similar microleakage percentage depending on its sectioning. Conclusions: After thermo-mechanical load cycling, there were differences in internal adaptation among the groups using different adhesive systems.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2009

AIMS: Korean National Growth Chart was newly developed at 2007. Prevalence of obesity is expected to be changed according to reference data. This study was performed to compare the prevalence of obesity based on the newly developed growth curve with that of previous data. We also investigate the incidence of obesity, overweight, and normal criteria by two kinds of growth curves. Method: We obtained weight, height from 438 middle school students and 1786 high school students. We divided enrolled students into four groups (middle school boys, middle school girls, high school boys, high school girls). The obese, over weight group was defined as BMI(body mass index) more than 95th, 85th${\sim}$94th percentile respectively for age and sex. Obesity by relative weight was defined more than 20% of ideal body weight. We compare the prevalence of obesity in each group by the newly developed Korean National Growth Chart in 2007 and that in 1998. Result: Prevalence of obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 were 8.2-12.9% and 9.0-20.4% respectively. The concordance rate were 99.0%-100% in obese group and 45.0%-91.9% in overweight group according to two kinds of reference data. Prevalence of obesity by relative weight was 11.7-23.0% that was same between 2007 Korean National Growth Chart and that in 1998 except middle school boys group. Conclusion: We found that there is a decrease in prevalence of Obesity by BMI based on 2007 Korean National Growth Chart. It is necessary to evaluate correlation between criteria for obesity and obesity related comorbid conditions for finding proper BMI or relative weight cut off value to prevent obesity and obesity related complications effectively.

• 가정의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.325-332
• /
• 2018

Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine demographic and clinical factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medication. Methods: From August 2012 to February 2015, we recruited 1,523 Korean patients with hypertension who visited family physicians. The study was conducted in 24 facilities located in urban and metropolitan areas. Of these facilities, two were primary care clinics and 22 were level 2 or 3 hospitals. Adherence was assessed using the pill count method; a cut-off value of 80% was used as the criterion for good adherence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were compared between the adherent and nonadherent groups using the chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with medication adherence as the outcome variable. Results: Of the 1,523 patients, 1,245 (81.7%) showed good adherence to antihypertensive medication. In the multivariate logistic analysis, age ${\geq}65$ years, exercise, treatment in a metropolitan-located hospital, being on ${\geq}2$ classes of antihypertensive medication and concomitant medication for diabetes, and a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases were associated with good adherence. Patients who had a habit of high salt intake were less adherent to medication. Conclusion: Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications, concomitant medication, and exercise were associated with good adherence to antihypertensive medication, and high salt intake was associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered to improve hypertension control.