• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.174.1-174.1
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• 2003

The protective effects of acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, on cabon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in mice. Pretreatment with acteoside prior to the administration of carbon tetrachloride significantly prevented the increased serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in a dose-dependent manner. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.162-165
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• 2004

The authors' previous study found an interannual covariability between actual evapotranspiration (ET) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over northern Asia. This result suggested that vegetation controls interannual variation in ET. In this prior study, NDVI data from the Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) dataset were analyzed. However, studies of NDVI interannual change are subject to uncertainty, because NDVI data often contain errors associated with sensor- and atmosphere-related effects. This study is aimed toward reducing this uncertainty by employing NDVI dataset, from the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies (GIMMS) group, in addition to PAL. The analysis was carried out for the northern Asia region from 1982 to 2000. 19-year interannual change in PAL-NDVI and GIMMS-NDVI were both compared with interannual change in model-assimilated ET. Although the correlation coefficient between GIMMS-NDVI and ET is slightly less than for PAL-NDVI and ET, for both NDVI datasets the annual maximum correlation with ET occurs in June, which is near the central period of the growing season. A significant positive correlation between GIMMS-NDVI and ET was observed over most of the vegetated land area in June as well as PAL-NDVI and ET. These results reinforce the authors' prior research that indicates the control of interannual change in ET is dominated by interannual change in vegetation activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : Though voice therapy is proven to be effective in academia, treatment results and satisfaction level are inconsistent in clinics. The inconsistency may rise from diverse vocal cords misuse patterns in patient population as they suffer from different diseases or have bad phonation habits. In order to overcome the limitation, we uniformized patients' vocal cords with injection laryngoplasty prior to voice therapy. The efficacy of voice therapy and consistency in treatment results after injection laryngoplasty were assessed. Materials and Methods : Patients diagnosed with vocal nodules were either treated with injection laryngoplasty followed by voice therapy (combined treatment group) or voice therapy only (voice therapy group). Each group consisted of 15 patients. Acoustic measures (jitter, shimmer, NHR), aerodynamic measures (MPT, Psub, MAFR), and subjective auditory conscious measures (K-VHI, K-VRQOL) between two groups were analyzed. Results : After treatments, both groups improved in terms of acoustic, aerodynamic, and subjective auditory conscious measures compared to pre-treatment. Combined treatment group had statistically significantly greater improvement in shimmer, P in K-VHI, and PF in K-VRQOL compared to voice therapy group. Conclusion : Injection laryngoplasty treatment prior to voice therapy synergizes in treating patients compared to voice therapy only.

• Vascular Specialist International
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

Purpose: Surgery is the most common risk factor for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a recent venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study reviewed clinical outcomes of preoperative inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) use in patients with acute VTE during abdominal-pelvic cancer or lower extremity orthopedic surgeries. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 122 patients with a recent VTE who underwent IVCF replacement prior to abdominal-pelvic cancer or lower extremity orthopedic surgery conducted between January 2010 and December 2016. Demographics, clinical characteristics, postoperative IVCF status, risk factors for a captured thrombus, and clinical outcomes were collected for these subjects. Results: Among the 122 study patients who were diagnosed with acute VTE in the prior 3 months and underwent preoperative IVCF replacement, 70 patients (57.4%) received abdominal-pelvic cancer surgery and 52 (42.6%) underwent lower extremity orthopedic surgery. There were no perioperative complications associated with IVCF in the study population and no cases of symptomatic PE postoperatively. A captured thrombus in the filter was identified postoperatively in 16 patients (13.1%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that postoperative anticoagulation within 48 hours significantly reduced the risk of a captured thrombus (odds ratio [OR], 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.94; P=0.032). Conclusion: A captured thrombus in preoperative IVCF was identified postoperatively in 16 patients (13.1%). Postoperative anticoagulation within 48 hours reduces the risk of captured thrombus in these cases.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2014

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effects of different abutment geometries in combination with varying luting agents and the effectiveness of different cleaning methods (prior to re-cementation) regarding the retentiveness of zirconia copings on implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implants were embedded in resin blocks. Three groups of titanium abutments (pre-fabricated, height: 7.5 mm, taper: $5.7^{\circ}$; customized-long, height: 6.79 mm, taper: $4.8^{\circ}$; customized-short, height: 4.31 mm, taper: $4.8^{\circ}$) were used for luting of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia copings with a semi-permanent (Telio CS) and a provisional cement (TempBond NE). Retention forces were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Furthermore, the influence of cleaning methods (manually, manually in combination with ultrasonic bath or sandblasting) prior to re-cementation with a provisional cement (TempBond NE) was investigated with the pre-fabricated titanium abutments (height: 7.5 mm, taper: $5.7^{\circ}$) and SEM-analysis of inner surfaces of the copings was performed. Significant differences were determined via two-way ANOVA. RESULTS. Significant interactions between abutment geometry and luting agent were observed. TempBond NE showed the highest level of retentiveness on customized-long abutments, but was negatively affected by other abutment geometries. In contrast, luting with Telio CS demonstrated consistent results irrespective of the varying abutment geometries. Manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath was the only cleaning method tested prior to re-cementation that revealed retentiveness levels not inferior to primary cementation. CONCLUSION. No superiority for one of the two cements could be demonstrated because their influences on retentive strength are also depending on abutment geometry. Only manual cleaning in combination with an ultrasonic bath offers retentiveness levels after re-cementation comparable to those of primary luting.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1992

This study was carried out to set up the ovum bank for ovum donation and to determine the best freezing method for human immature oocytes. Human immature follicular oocytes were cryopreserved by slow freezing and rapid thawing method. Immature follicular oocytes were treated by propanediol(PROH) solution by 2 and 4 step method in protocols A & B, respectively. In protocol C, immature oocytes were exposed to sucrose prior to treatment of PROH by 4 step method. We compared survival rate, maturation rate, and fertilization rate of immature oocytes among three protocols. Results were as follows. 1. Oocytes treated by the protocol C showed the highest survival rate( 70.3 %) and maturation rate(34.6%) after thawing. 2. Survival rate of oocytes treated by the protocol C was significantly higher than that of the protocol B after thawing(p<0.05). In conclusion, treatment of oocytes with sucrose prior to expose PROH was the best freezing method. Sucrose may have reduced the toxic effect of cryoprotectant to oocytes. We failed to induce fertilization of oocytes, which were treated by any protocols, by conventional insemination method, but obtained 28.8% fertilization rate by using partial zona dissection(PZD) method. This result suggests that micromanipulation(PZD) of the thawed oocytes before insemination will improve the fertilization rate.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.313-322
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• 2013

Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated administration of the exogenous stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) induces dysregulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and results in depression and anxiety. The current study sought to verify the impact of catechin (CTN) administration on chronic CORT-induced behavioral alterations using the forced swimming test (FST) and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Additionally, the effects of CTN on central noradrenergic systems were examined by observing changes in neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in rat brains. Male rats received 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg CTN (i.p.) 1 h prior to a daily injection of CORT for 21 consecutive days. The activation of the HPA axis in response to the repeated CORT injections was confirmed by measuring serum levels of CORT and the expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hypothalamus. Daily CTN administration significantly decreased immobility in the FST, increased open-arm exploration in the EPM test, and significantly blocked increases of TH expression in the locus coeruleus (LC). It also significantly enhanced the total number of line crossing in the open-field test (OFT), while individual differences in locomotor activities between experimental groups were not observed in the OFT. Taken together, these findings indicate that the administration of CTN prior to high-dose exogenous CORT significantly improves helpless behaviors, possibly by modulating the central noradrenergic system in rats. Therefore, CTN may be a useful agent for the treatment or alleviation of the complex symptoms associated with depression and anxiety disorders.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2021

Background: Prior studies have reported that 40%-90% of the patients with celiac plexus-mediated visceral pain benefit from the neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB), but the predictive factors of response to NCPB have not been evaluated extensively. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the immediate analgesic effectiveness of NCPB in patients with intractable upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 513 patients who underwent NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Response to the procedure was defined as (1) a decrease of ≥ 50% or ≥ 4 points on the numerical rating scale (NRS) in pain intensity from the baseline without an increase in opioid requirement, or (2) a decrease of ≥ 30% or ≥ 2 points on the NRS from the baseline with simultaneously reduced opioid consumption after NCPB. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with successful responses to NCPB. Results: Among the 513 patients included in the analysis, 255 (49.8%) and 258 (50.2%) patients were in the non-responder and responder group after NCPB, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644, P = 0.035), history of upper abdominal surgery (OR = 0.691, P = 0.040), and celiac metastasis (OR = 1.496, P = 0.039) were the independent factors associated with response to NCPB. Conclusions: Celiac plexus metastases, absence of diabetes, and absence of prior upper abdominal surgery may be independently associated with better response to NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2003

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

In this study, a long term monitering of nonpoint source pollution runoff is conducted at the area of transportation related and EMCs(Event Mean Concentrations) in terms of water quality items, such as BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P are determined for each not only runoff event and but also observation site. On the other hands, SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) model is constructed using the data collected in the transportation areas selected. Model calibration and verification of SWMM is carried out based on the data collected. And simulated EMCs was compared with observed EMCs by monitoring and prior studies. SWMM applicability estimation was Using the compared result. The results of simulation showed that BOD 5.787 ~ 14.475 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ 12.946 ~ 59.611 mg/L, SS 13.742 ~ 46.208 mg/L, T-N 2.037 ~ 5.213 mg/L, T-P 0.117 ~ 0.415 mg/L. And a differential between simulated EMCs and observed EMCs is too low so comparing result show high fit(BOD 4.27 %, $COD_{Mn}$ 4.87%, SS 2.31%, T-N 5.78%, T-P 14.45%). A results of compared with the prior studies, BOD and T-P are included range of prior studies, $COD_{Mn}$ and SS are lower than range of prior studies, T-N is higher than range of prior studies. Differential between simulated EMCs and prior studies EMCs was showing for survey seasonal and changing land-use, so from now on, EMCs of using the internal representatives value will be calculated by more monitoring toward various precipitation events.