• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1975-1984
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2001

The effect of dietary supplementation of sodium salt of isobutyric acid in low protein (10% CP) wheat straw based diet on nutrient utilization and rumen fermentation was studied in ruminally fistulated male crossbred cattle. The study included a 7 day metabolism and a 3 day rumen fermentation trials. The cattle were distributed into two equal groups of 4 each. The animals of control group were fed a basal diet consisting of wheat straw, concentrate mixture and green maize fodder in 40:40:20 proportion whereas branched chain volatile fatty acid (BCFA) supplemented group received a basal diet + isobutyric acid at 0.75 percent of basal diet. The duration of study was 36 days. The feed intake between experimental groups did not differ significantly and the average total DMI (% BW) was 2.01 and $2.28kg\;day^{-1}$ in control and BCFA supplemented diets. The dietary supplementation of BCFA improved (p<0.05) the DM, OM, NDF and cellulose digestibility by 4.46, 6.63, 10.57 and 11.31 per cent over those fed control diet. The total N retention on BCFA supplementation was improved (p<0.01) due to decreased (p<0.05) urinary N excretion. The concentrations of ruminal total N was 37.07 and $34.77mg\;100ml^{-1}$ in control and BCFA fed groups, respectively. Dietary supplementation BCFA significantly (p<0.01) reduced the ruminal ammonia N concentration as compared to control and the mean values ($mg\;100ml^{-1}$) were 13.18 and 9.42 in control and BCFA fed groups. The total VFA concentration was higher (p<0.01) in BCFA supplemented group (101.14 mM) than the control (93.05 mM). Among the VFAs, the molar proportion of acetate was higher (p<0.01) in BCFA supplemented group (71.07 mM) as compared to control (64.98 mM). However, the concentration of propionate and butyrate remained unchanged. Amino acids composition of bacterial hydrolysates was similar in both the groups. Ruminal outflow rate of liquid digesta was higher (p<0.01) in BCFA fed group ($67.56l\;day^{-1}$) than control ($52.73l\;day^{-1}$). It is concluded that the dietary supplementation of Na-salt of isobutyric acid in low protein diet improved the nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.521-532
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• 2006

본 실험은 대두유 또는 아마유를 in vitro 방법으로 배양 할 때, 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 반추위 박테리아에 의한 bio-hydrogenation과 CLA 생성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 4수준(0%, 0.3%, 0.6% 그리고 0.9%, w/v)의 혼합된 탄수화물원(glucose, cellobiose, soluble starch, 1:1:1, w/w/w)과 두 종류의 oil을 cellulose powder에 흡착시킨 형태로 각각 60mg씩 인공타액(120ml)과 반추위액(30ml)이 혼합된 배양액(150ml)에 넣은 다음 39℃에서 12시간동안 혐기적으로 배양하였다. 배양액의 pH와 암모니아 농도는 두 종류 oil을 첨가한 배양액 모두에서 탄수화물원의 첨가 수준이 높을수록 pH와 암모니아 농도가 낮았다(P<0.05). 탄수화물원의 첨가 수준이 증가할수록 total VFA 생성량 역시 증가되었으나(P<0.01) 첨가한 oil 간의 차이는 없었다. 배양시간이 경과됨에 따라 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 높을수록 propionate의 조성비율이 증가된 반면(P<0.001) acetate와 butyrate의 조성비율은 감소되었다. 배양 후 3시간이 경과하였을 때 배양액 내 oleic acid의 조성비율은 대두유에 비하여 아마유를 첨가한 배양액에서 낮았으나(P<0.001) linoleic acid의 비율은 높았다(P<0.001). 이와는 달리 탄수화물원의 수준이 증가될수록 stearic acid(P<0.05), CLA(P<0.01) 및 cis-9, trans-11 CLA(P<0.001)의 조성비율은 감소되었으나, linoleic acid의 조성 비율은 증가되었다(P<0.05). Linolenic acid의 조성비율에 있어서는 첨가된 oil의 종류와 첨가된 탄수화물원의 수준간의 상호작용이 있는 것으로 나타났는데(P<0.001), 12시간의 배양종료 후 대두유 첨가구에 비해 아마유 첨가구에서 stearic acid(P<0.01), oleic acid(P<0.001), 그리고 trans-11C18:1(P<0.01)의 조성비율이 감소된 반면, linoleic acid(P<0.001)와 linolenic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율은 증가되었다. 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 증가될수록 stearic acid와 총 CLA의 조성비는 감소되었으나(P<0.01), trans-11-C18:1(P<0.05)와 linoleic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율은 증가되었다. 배양 12시간 후 배양액 내의 oleic acid (P<0.05), linoleic acid(P<0.05) 및 linolenic acid(P<0.01)의 조성비율에 있어서는 첨가한 oil의 종류와 첨가한 탄수화물원의 수준간의 상호작용이 있었는데, 탄수화물원의 첨가수준이 감소됨에 따라 cis-9, trans-11 CLA와 trans-10, cis-12 CLA의 조성비 역시 감소되는 경향이었으나 첨가한 oil의 종류에 대한 영향은 거의 받지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 탄수화물의 첨가수준과 oil의 첨가는 반추미생물의 bio-hydrogenation 작용 및 CLA 생성에 영향할 수 있는 것으로 여겨진다.