• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 1995

A thermophilic bacterium producing the extracellular cellulase-free xylanase was isolated from soil and has been identified as Bacillus sp. The optimal growth temperature was 50$\circ$C and the optimal pH, 7.0. Under the optimal growth condition, maximal xylanase production was 2.2 units/ml in the flask culture. The enzyme production was induced by xylan and xylose, but was repressed by sucrose or trehalose. The partially purified xylanase was most active at 70$\circ$C. It was found that the enzyme was stable at 65$\circ$C for 10 hours with over 75% of the activity. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 and retained 90% of its maximum activity between pH 5.0 and pH 9.0 though Bacillus sp. was not grown on alkaline conditions (>pH 8.0). In addition, the activity of xylanase was over 60% at pH 10.0. At the ambient temperature, the enzyme was stable over a pH range of 5.0 to 9.0 for 10 h, indicating that the enzyme is thermostable and alkalotolerant. The activity of xylanase was completely inhibited by metal ions including Hg$^{2+}$ and Fe$^{2+}$, while EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), $\beta$-mercaptoethanol and SDS didn't affect its activity. The enzyme was also identified to exert no activity on carboxymethylcellulose, laminarin, galactomannan, and soluble starch.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 2003

A Trichoderma sp. SO-571 producing cellulase was isolated from soil, and a pilot-scale cultivation and separation of cellulase were conducted. The cellulase activity was about 14.5 unit/ml after 112 hr of cultivation in a 301 fermenter containing 3.0% cellulose, 4.0% soybean powder, 3.0% wheat bran, 0.5% ($NH_4$)$_2$$SO_4$0.2% urea, 1.0% CSL, 0.5% $KH_2$PO$_4$, and 0.2% Tween 80. The cellulase was purified over 4.6 folds in three steps with 47.86% yield. The optimum pH of cellulase was pH 5.0 and optimum temperature was $60^{\circ}C$. To investigate the effect of the cellulase-treated cellulosic fabric, the weight loss was compared. The weight loss of denim treated with cellulase from Trichoderma sp.SO-571 was 2.9% and that with Celluclast 1.5L was 2.2%. In tencel treatement with enzyme, cellulase showed 0.7% higer weight loss than that with Celluclast 1.5L.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.983-989
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• 2007

Bacillus lichemiformis Kll, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium was reported as a producer of auxin, siderophore, as well as antifungal cellulase under some culture conditions. In vitro test, B. licheniformis Kll represented excellent antagonistic ability against Fusarium oxyspoum (KACC 40037), and showed broad spectrum against other phytopathogenic fungi. B. licheniformis Kll had cellulolytic activity toward not only carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) but also insoluble cellulose, such as fungal cell wall cellulose, filter paper (Whatman No. 1), and Avicel. In addition, we confirmed antifungal substance production by butanol-extract methods. The strain produced optimally the antifungal substance when it was cultivated at pH 9.0, 30${\circ}$C for 4 days on nutrient medium. The biological control mechanisms of B. lichemiformis Kll were caused by antifungal substance, cellulase and siderophore against phytopathogenic fungi.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2003

For the purpose of utilizing cellulose resources by cellulolytic enzymes of Roseofomes subflexibilis, it's cultural conditions for the production of cellulolytic enzymes in synthetic media were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows : The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme production were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, respectively. Among the carbon sources, glucose was good for the production of cellulase. The optimum concentration of saccharose as 1.2%. As a organic nitrogen source, yeast extract was good for the mycelial growth. The optimum concentration of yeast extract as 1.5%. As a inorganic nitrogen source, $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$ was good for the mycelial growth. The optimum concentration of $NH_{4}H_{2}PO_{4}$ were 1.1%. The mineral salt of $Al_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}$ was effective and the optimum concentration was 0.1 M.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

An effective method for production of glucose was developed using enzymatic hydrolysis of Suwon poplar by the cellulase. Enzymatic hydrolysis of wood is the reaction to produce glucose from wood using enzyme which derives from microorganism. Glucose can be transferred easily to ethanol by fermentation. Ethanol is the starting material for producing acetone, butanol, citric acid and lactic acid. The mechanism of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose are reasonably explained in terms of the sequential action of three different types of enzymes, endo-cellulase, ex-cellulase, and $\beta$ -glucosidase. The goal of this work was to investigate the cellulose hydrolysis pretreated polar with various concentration NaOH, the crystallinity of cellulose, lignin contents and the degree of hydrolysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.945-951
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• 2013

In vitro studies were undertaken to develop an appropriate fibrolytic enzymes cocktail comprising of cellulase, xylanase and ${\beta}$-D-glucanase for maize stover with an aim to increase its nutrient utilization in sheep. Cellulase and xylanase added individually to ground maize stover at an increasing dose rates (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, 12,800, 25,600, 32,000, 38,400, and 44,800 IU/g DM), increased (p<0.01) the in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro sugar release. The doses selected for studying the combination effect of enzymes were 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g of cellulase and 12,800 to 44,800 IU/g of xylanase. At cellulase concentration of 6,400 IU/g, IVDMD % was higher (p<0.01) at higher xylanase doses (25,600 to 44,800 IU/g). While at cellulase doses (12,800 to 32,000 IU/g), IVDMD % was higher at lower xylanase doses (12,800 and 25,600 IU/g) compared to higher xylanase doses (32,000 to 44,800 IU/g). At cellulase concentration of the 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g, the amount of sugar released increased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of xylanase concentrations except for the concentration of 44,800 IU/g. No effect of ${\beta}$-D-glucanase (100 to 300 IU/g) was observed at lower cellulase-xylanase dose (cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g). Based on the IVDMD, the enzyme combination cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g was selected to study its effect on feed intake and rumen fermentation pattern, conducted on 12 rams (6 to 8 months; $20.34{\pm}2.369$ kg body weight) fed 50% maize stover based TMR. The total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-N concentration was higher in enzyme supplemented group, while no effect was observed on dry matter intake, ruminal pH and total nitrogen concentration.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2001

To develop the effective composting system, we isolated bacteria that have the abilities to degrade organic matters such as cellulose, carbohydrate, protein and lipid during the compositing of livestock manureAmong 24 strains, 6 bacteria have all the enzymatic activities of protease, amylase, cellulase and lipase.These microorganisms were identified as Corynebacterium varibilis, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spinosa,Acetobacter calcoaceticus and Athrobacter cumminsii All the enzymes produced by the bacteria showedactivities at the broad pH range and the maximal activities were obtained at $60^{\circ}C$. It seemed that after theincrease of temperature caused by fermentation of livestock manure, the enzymes started to degrade the rawmaterials, which are added for the control of humidity. However cellulase activity was maximum at $37^{\circ}C$,suggesting that the cellulase-producing bacteria work at an early stage of livestock manure fermentation toprovide the organic material for the growth of other bacteria. The production of the enzymes were growth-associated and maximal activities appeared at the early stationary phase of growth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.381-388
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• 2016

Biopolishing using cellulases was introduced in the production of cotton fabric in order to improve the quality of fabric environmental friendly and is commonly used in the textile industry. In this study, the application of a crude cellulase from Acanthophysium sp. KMF001, which was excellent for the saccharification of cellulose, on biopolishing was evaluated. The optimum treatment biopolishing condition was at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5 for 60 minutes with 10% crude cellulase of fabric weight. After the optimized biopolishing, the crude cellulase of Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 reduced the tensile strength of the tested cotton fabric less than a commercial cellulase. The appearance of the cotton fabric after the treatment of the crude cellulase of Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 was similar to the fabric after a commercial cellulase treatment. All these results support that the crude cellulase of Acanthophysium sp. KMF001 was a good biopolishing cellulase.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 1990

The influence of cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates on the production of cellulase and xylanase complexes in Aspergillus niger was investigated. The culture conditions with different substrates exhibited profound effects on the level of endoglucanase (CMCase), ${\beta}-glucosidase$, endoxylanase and ${\beta}-xylosidase$, and on their isozyme patterns. However, intracellular and extracellular isozyme patterns of cellulase and xylanase complexes were qualitatively identical and appeared to be simultaneous in the early growth phase. Prolonged incubation led to the increase in the concentrations of isozymes with a little changes in the relative proportions of those isozymes. These results suggest that the biosynthesis of cellulase and xylanase complexes in A. niger is coordinately regulated at the level of induction. Moreover, multiple forms of extracellular cellulase and xylanase complexes seem to be the outcome of specific gene expression and should not be considered solely as the consequence of post-secretional modification of synthesized enzymes.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2015

In this study was selected the cellulolytic microorganism and investigated optimum condition of cellulase production for the cellulosic bioethanol production. A bacterial strain Paenibacillus jamilae BRC15-1, was isolated from soil of domestic reclaimed land. For optimizing cellulase production from the selected strain, various culture parameters were investigated such as culture medium, pH (pH 4~10), temperature ($25{\sim}50^{\circ}C$) and culture time (2~72 h). As a result, P. jamilae BRC15-1 efficiently produced cellulase from cellulosic biomass under following conditions: 24 h of culture time (pH 7, $40^{\circ}C$) in manufactured media of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) with peptone. Optimum saccharifying condition of crude enzyme produced from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was identified on pH 6 and $40^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, respectively. This crude enzyme from P. jamilae BRC15-1 was used for saccharification of pretreated sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor var. dulciusculum Ohwi) bagasse under the optimal condition. Finally, pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse including 0.1 g of glucan was saccharified by crude enzyme of P. jamilae BRC15-1 into 2.75 mg glucose, 0.79 mg xylose and 1.12 mg arabinose.